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TWENTY-SK(X)Nl) ANNUAL l(EfQt^T>
State Board of IIhalth,
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND,
The Tkar e:nding December 31, 1809,
AND INCLUDING
THE REPORT UPON THE REGISTRATION OF
BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS IN 1898.
P liOYl I) E N c; E , 1{ . I .
E. L. FKEEMAN & SONS, STATE PRINTERS.
1903.
MEMBERS
Rhode Island State Board of Health,
Post Ofice Address.
ALBERT G. SPRAGUB, M. D., President River Point Kent County.
SAMUEL M. GRAY, C. B Providence Providence Countt.
JOHN C. BUDLONG, M. D Pkovidence Providence County.
REV. GEORGE L. LOCKE Bristol Bristol County.
ALEXANDER B. BRIGGS, M. D Ashawat Washington County.
RUPUS E. DARRAH, M. D Newport Newport County.
GARDNER T. SWARTS, M. D ■ Providence Pkovidence County.
GARDNER T. SWARTS, Secretary.
O
r— t
To the Honorable the General Assembly :
lu compliance with, the General Laws, tlie Amiual Report of
the State Board of Health is hereby respectfully submitted.
Gaedner T. Swarts,
Secretary.
23 349275
CO
GENERAL CONTENTS.
General Report.
Report of the Secretary.
Reports op Town Clerks in relation to Sanitary Im-
provements IN the Towns.
Reports of the Health Officers.
Water Supplies.
Meteorology.
Births, Deaths, and Marriages.
Report of Contagious Diseases.
Results of Examination of Sputum from Suspected
Cases of Tuberculosis.
Records of All Cases of Consumption in the State.
Outbreak of Typhoid Fever in Woonsocket.
Improvement in the Water Supply of the East Prov-
idence Water Company.
Addition to the Laws governing the Registration op
Births, Marriages, and Deaths.
Working of the Medical Practice Act.
Appendix.
A Report of a Four Months' Test of a Mechanical
Filter Plant at East Providence, R. I.
Methods of Compilation used in preparing Census and
Registration Reports.
General Laws op the State Board of Health.
General Laws of Medical Examiners and Coroners.
Index.
GENERAL REPORT.
The work of the State Board of Health during- the yeixr has
been a continuation of study of the various conditions pertaining-
to the public health, especial use being- made of the more recent
methods of diag-nosis and iuvestig-ation which have been made
available during- the past few years.
CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Monthly reports of the number of cases of communicable dis-
eases which have occurred in the various townis, including- scarlet
fever, diphtheria, and typhoid fever, have been continued. This
makes it i)ossible for comparison of the comparative prevalence of
any of these diseases in any of the towns or throughout the State.
These records were begun in the year 1894, and thus comparison
of increase or decrease may be made. The local health authori-
ties are yearly giving more intelligent attention to this class of
work, and the control of these diseases has been more thoroughly
systematized.
WATER SUPPLIES.
There has been no change in the system of water supplies of
the State since the previous report. An improvement in one of
the sources of supply has been made as a result of the work of the
board during the previous year.
The city of Providence continues to receive its supply from the
Pawtuxet river, the intake being located at the P^ttaconset pump-
iug-stati<Mi. The gross contaminations which existed along the
banks of this river years ago have been removed. A'aults and
2 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
cesspool wastes are prevented from entering- the stream. There
still exists the possibility of a new contamination being- estab-
lished at any time by the location of a drain, or stable, or barn-
yard, which may contribute to the surface flow any detritus that
may accumulate. Surface flow from streets and from fertilized
farm lands continues to flow into the river. It is assumed that
dye-stufl's and refuse wastes from manufactories do not find their
way into the river, at least without a gross form of filtration,
which removes some of the color and organic matter. Owing to
the ineflicient and unsatisfactory means of filtration in these cases,
it becomes necessary to allow the wastes to run free into the
stream. Bathing in the stream is not prohibited, and is made use
of freely during the summer months by the operatives residing
along- the stream. On aesthetic grounds, permission for bathing in
the storage reservoirs is not given. The greatest danger which
might occur from such a case would occur only when a person who
was convalescing from typhoid fever made use of the stream for
this purpose.
The supply of the city of Woon socket continues the same. The
water-shed is closely guarded, and is completely controlled by the
city by ownershi^D of the entire water-shed. Legal control of this
supply is the only public law which has ever been enacted for the
protection of drinking-water in this State.
Although the enlarged reservoir of the Newport Water Com-
pany has given an increased available supply, yet the constantly
increasing demand and the limited water-shed require the utmost
economy to be exercised to avoid unnecessary waste.
The Bristol Water Company continues to supply the towns of
Bristol and Warren. The endeavor of the town of Bristol has
been in the hands of a master of arbitration, and there appears
little prospect of a change of ownership at present. The quality
of the water remains the same. The water-shed is shallow, and
the storage also. The chance of contamination is extremely slight,
and depends upon the surface washings from fields occupied by
cattle. The color and taste remain of the same intensity.
1899.] OENEKAL KKI'OKT. 3
The wsiter supply of the city of Pawtucket, which supplies ji
large uumber of the surrounding- to^vus and villages, still maiu-
taius its superior quality. Althoug-h filtered throug-h a coarse
gravel or pebl)le and charcoal bed, yet this prr)bably removes little
but the coai"ser matters, which are held in suspension. It does
not serve to remove any of the dangerous elements which might
find their way into the river from careless use of mill privy vaults.
A certain amount of inspection of the banks of the river is main-
tained, and any possibility of contamination is corrected as soon
as discovered.
There exists at one point on the stream a mill which has its so-
called tight privy-box so located that an oveiilow from this might
be carried into the stream in the time of heavy rains.
EXAMINATION OF WATER SUPPLIES.
The regular inspection of the banks of the Pawtuxet river for
existing pollutions or possible intent to contaminate the river
throug-h desii'e to dispose of refuse, or by ig-uorance, has been
continued by, the inspectors engaged by the city of Providence,
and under the direction of the commissioner of public works of
that city. The fact remains, however, that there is always the
possibility of the river being- contaminated by some member of
the population in that district placing- noxious matter in the stream.
Thft last prevalence of typhoid fever, connected with the water
supply, was traced to contamination ])laced in the river by attend-
ants of a typhoid patient. To thoroiighly dispo.se of the excre-
ment, and to insure its removal from the premises, the stools of the
patient were all dumped into the river. Manufactories upon the
stream have large quantities of dye-stufis to dispose of. An en-
deavor is made to filter or precipitate the suspended matters in
these wastes. The result is more or less successful, but at times,
owing- to the necessity of cleansing- the clogged filter, it is alleged
that the wastes are allowed to g-o free into the stream, thereby
heightening the color of the supply, if not possibly admitting
4 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899
other filtli wliicli may prove injurious to those ing-esting tlie
water.
A semi-monthly chemical analysis of the water is made by the
city of Providence, the sample being- taken from the intake at the
Pettaconset pumping-station, and a monthly bacteriolog-ical and
chemical analysis is made, by this board, of sami^les taken at the
villages of Hope and Washing-ton, above points of pollution, as
well as of a sample taken from the Pettaconset pumping-station,
at the point where the water is taken from the river.
This data has been obtained for several years, and now proves
of g-reat value to the city of Providence in determining the com-
parative values of the waters now used as compared with the sup-
ply at previous times. It also makes possible a comparison of the
quality of the supply as found before and after pollution. As is
to be expected, the water received at the Pettaconset pumping-
station (and which is supplied to the city through the reservoir at
Sockanosset and thence through pipes to the city) shows a greatly
inferior quality to that taken from the two points above any source
of pollution, namely, at Hope and Washington.
Although this has been stated many times, and is in full knowl-
edge by the board of public works and by the council of the city
of Providence, yet no attempt has been made to correct this con-
dition. The joint special committee of the common council, ap-
pointed to report upon the means at hand for the purification of
the supply, replied that it was not only desirable but necessary
that the water be purified before being delivered to the con-
sumers, and that it was possible to do this by means of either
sand filtration or by mechanical filtration, but that mechanical fil-
tration was to be preferred, and has recommended it to the council,
on account of its lower first cost, its simplicity in operation, its per-
fect control in cleaning, and from its non-dependence upon severe
changes in the weather during the winter months.
Opposition to the process of mechanical filtration was made by
certain physicians, on account of the presumed possibility of the
alum, used in the process as a j)recipitant or coagulent, getting
1 899. I fi K \ K K A r, u i: iM ) kt. 5
into tlio tilteretl w.itor, aud hoiuy- a source of daiii^'-or to tlio pulilic.
While this objection was uot supported hy any data or facts in re-
gard to the daucffr of the use of ahini in this manner, yet the
sentiment ag-aiust its use prevailed with the common council ; and
while the endeavor to establish such a plant was defeated, vet no
attemjit was made to introduce and pass a resolution recommend-
in*;- that the sand filtration be adopted. The city was therefore
allowed to drift alouo-, supplying- a contaminated water to its
consumers, with the possibility of an epidemic pendin^: at any
time.
The East Pro^^deuce Water Company supplies a portion of the
town of East Providence, the water being^ taken from the Ten Mile
river, at Hunt's Mills. This river, as stated in the previous re-
port, passes through a populous distnct and receives the wash-
ings of the water-shed from fields which are more or less fertil-
ized. In addition, the stream receives the wastes from sewers and
waste-pipes from factories and from the town of Attleboro, Mass.
The number of persons contributing to this contamination is esti-
mated at 3,500. D\-e-stufi"s and acid-washings from dj'e-houses
and jewelry manufactories add to the pollution. It becomes nec-
essary either to abandon this supply, or to cause the nuisances in
the form of pollution to be abated, or to purify the contaminated
water before deliver}- to the consumers.
As stated in the previous report, attention was given to this
matter, inspections were made, communications sent to the State
Board of Health of Massachusetts, asking for relief from the
contaminations, and replies from that board that nothing could be
etlected by them. The owners of the water company were wai'ned
as to the continued use of the water without purification, and they
promised to give the subject immediate attention. During the
yeju' a mechanical filtration plant has been established, and has
l)een in operation since February 2t»th. A rejiort as to the char-
acter of the filtered water and the tests made of the working of
the plant will be found in the body of this report.
6 STATE BOAED OE HEALTH. [1899.
EXAMINATION OF SPUTUM FROM CASES OF SUSPECTED TUBERCULOSOS.
The free examination by the board of all samples of sputum
received from cases of suspected tuberculosis, for physicians only,
has been continued with gratifying results. By this means a
physician is assisted in making an early discoverj^ of the presence
of this disease, and is able to give to his patient more prompt and
assiduous attention. The patients are at times made aware of the
fact that they are suffering from this disease while in its incipi-
ency, and are enabled to obtain for themselves such treatment as
may be available.
The public receives the benefits from this work by the greater
care of the patient to avoid indiscriminate expectoration, thus
reducing in a great measure the opportunities of spreading the
disease. Money spent by the State in this manner is a good
investment.
EXAMINATION OF CULTURES IN CASES OF SUSPECTED DIPHTHERIA.
The examinations of the secretions of the throat and the growths
therefrom upon a nutrient blood serum, for physicians, in cases
suspected to be diphtheria, have been continued with the same
advantage to the physician, the public, and the health officer, as
in previous years. Many cases of simple pharyngitis presenting
no clinical symptoms of diphtheria have been found to contain
the organisms which jaroduce this disease ; the corroboration of
. the bacteriological diagnosis being confirmed later by the appear-
ance of the membrane and the train of symptoms to be found in
diphtheria. This systein of control was commenced by this board
in 1894, Rhode Island being the first State to establish the system
as a State, the city of New York having been the pioneer health
department in this matter.
PERSONNEL OF THE BOARD.
There has been no change in the personnel of the board since
the previous report.
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
TOWN SANITATION.
1899.
RETORTS FROM TOAVNS,
IN UKl.ATION TO SANITARY I M I'UOVKM ENTS, KTC.
It has been observed, iu the previous issues, that a complete
annual report of a State Board of Health properly includes an ac-
count of the measures taken each year by the municipal authori-
ties, corporations, or individuals for the promotion of the health
of the communities under their respective supervision or control.
In order, therefore, to ascertain the facts iu relation to such meas-
ures, and for the purpose of presentation in this report as iu the
reports heretofore issued, and in the continuance of the design to
keep well informed of all proceedings throughout the State on
the part of town or city councils or any form of municipal au-
thority in the appointment of health officers or boards of health,
and in the direction of improvements which have iu view and
seem to promise the promotion of public health by the abatement
of nuisances or the removal of unsanitary conditions and sur-
roundings, or by the introduction of water for general use, or
construction of sewers, or the establishment of other public works
which may not only be of great public utilitj^ and convenience
but also serve in some measure, large or small, in the prevention
of disease, the secretary has, as heretofore, solicited replies from
the Unvu and city clerks of the several towns and cities, or other
municipal officers, in answer to questions proposed in a circular
sent for that purpose.
It is designed and hoped that a connected history may thereby
be secured of all sanitary improvements of a public chai'acter iu
all parts of the State, from ye^u' to year ; and the gradual awukeu-
2
10 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
ing- of the citizens of tlie different towns to tile necessity of sanitary
public measures thereby be shown ; and also whatever intellig-ent
appreciation of such necessity, and whatever public spirit in ex-
istence in the towns there may be, may be known as manifested
by the readiness with which needed sanitary measures are adopted.
The following- is the form of circular sent at close of the year
1898 :
CIECULAE No. 130.
Office of Secretary of State Board of Health,
48 Weybosset Street,
Providence, E. I., Jan. 1, 1899.
To the Town Clerk :
It is, by statute law, made the duty of the secretary of the State Board
of Health to make inquiries of town or city clerks, or of the clerks of
local boards of health, in regard to the general health and sanitary con-
dition of the towns, and also in regard to measures taken for the improve-
ment of the same, as may be seen by the following section from the
Public Statutes, Chapter 83.
Sec. 6. The secretary of the said board shall make inquiry, from time
to time, of the clerks of town and local boards of health, and practicing
physicians, in relation to the prevalence of any disease, or knowledge of
any known or generally believed source of disease, or causes of general ill-
health, and also in relation to the proceedings of the said boards of health
in respect to acts for the promotion and protection of the public health, and
also in relation to diseases among domestic animals, in their several towns
and localities, respectively; and the said clerks of town and local boards
of health and said practicing physicians shall give such information in
reply to said inquiries, of such facts and circumstances as have come to
their knowledge.
In order to make complete the annual report of this hoard to the General
Assembly, the secretary would respectfully ask your co-operation by answers
to the following questions :
1. Has any work for the promotion of public health been contemplated
1899.] secrktaky's kei'Out. 11
or completed in your town by the town authorities, or hy jirivate enter-
prise, (luring the year? If any, please state what.
2. If by introduction or extension of water service for general use,
please state what proportion of the population, by estimation, was sup-
plied with the same at the end of the year.*
3. If city or town has sewage system, state the aggregate length of
sewers, by estimation or otherwise, and about what proportion of the
population has drainage connected with them at the end of the year.*
4. If by new ordinances in abatement of nuisances, or for any sanitary
purpose, please send copy of same ; also state how far, to your best knowl-
edge, all the sanitary ordinances have been enforced. Copies of town
ordhiances especially desired.
5. Has your town any legal board of health beside the town councilV
If so, please give the names of the officers of the same.
6. Please give the names of the health officers of your town.
7. Has gratuitous vaccination been provided in your town during the
past year ? W hat proportion of the population was vaccinated, according
to your best knowledge?
8. Have undertakers promptly sent in their returns of death ? Please
give names of any who do not. (See Public Statutes, Chap, 85, Sec. 1.)
9. Do clergymen make returns of marriages promptly each month, as
required by Public Statutes, Chap. 85, Sec. 4?
Thanking you in advance for your assistance, I am,
Vours truly,
CJARDNER T. SWARTS,
Secretari/.
N. B.— The town or other cUn-k sht)uld charge a reiminei-ative fee for replying to the above
circular, and present to the town council or board of health, it being a service required by law.
♦If not known by the person replying, please state where or of whom such information
may be obtained.
13 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
BEISTOL COUNTY.
BAERII^GTOK
1. IsTo thing for the promotion of tlie public liealth has been done during
the year.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. ISTo new sanitary ordinances have been adopted during the year.
(See contagious disease ordinance, report of 1897, p. 10.)
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. Charles H. Bowden, health officer,
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this town during
the year.
8. In the main, undertakers have made returns of deaths promptly.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Frederick P. Church, Town Clerk.
BEISTOL.
1. In the early part of the summer season the town council instructed
the surveyor to give close attention to cleaning streets and gutters. The
health otBcer was also instructed to have sewers, cesspools, and vaults
cleaned. All of these orders were carried out and strictly enforced.
2. The compact part of the town is dependent wholly upon water ser-
vice.
3. This town has no sewage system. There are many sewers leading
to the harbor, all of which have been built by private parties.
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. George H. Peck, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has been provided during the year.
8. Returns of deaths and births are promptly sent to this office.
9. Returns of marriages are promptly made to this office.
Herbert F. Bennett, Town Clerk.
ISU'.I. I SECKlC'I'AltY's Ulll'UKT, 13
WAIJHKX.
1. !Notliiufj spoi'i;il for the iiroiiiotiun (if llic iiiil)lic licaltli lias Ihm'ii done
during the year.
2. To the best ol' niy kii()\\ic(l,t>:(' tiicrc was no extension oi' the water
service of tliis town (Uuinj^- tlie year.
:>. This town has no public sewage system, ^fany tenements of the
^Varren Manul'acturing Company and several streets in diflerent parts of
the town are drained by sewers.
4. The only new ordinance governing sanitation passed during the year
is as follows :
It is ordained hi/ the Town Council of Warren ((sfolhnrs .-
Skctiox 1. No person shall suffer or allow the carcass of any dead
horse, cow, or ox, or any other animal, to be or remain unbnried on his
premises, or on the premises occupied by him, in the town of Warren, so
as to be prejudicial to health or an annoyance to the neighborhood.
Sec. 2. Any person who shall violate this ordinance shall be fined not
exceeding twenty dollars, or be imprisoned not exceeding thirty days.
Skc. 3. This ordinance shall take effect immediately.
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
(J. Abraham Bowen, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has been provided during the j'ear, and about
one twenty-fourth of the population has availed itself of the same.
8. Undertakers have generally made prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptlj'.
Charlks 13. Mason, Town Clerk.
KENT COUNTY.
COVEKTRY.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. No new sanitary ordinances have been adopted during the year.
."). This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
14 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
6. John Winsor, M. D,, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this town.
8. Undertakers have made prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Stephen W. Griffin, Town Clerk.
EAST GEEEKWICH.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been contem-
plated during the year.
2. There are about live hundred water-taps in town. Fully sixty-four
per cent, of the population is supplied with water.
3. The aggregate length of sewers in this town is 6,335 feet. This
affords drainage to 125 estates, 75 per cent, of which have connections
made. The population of the area drained is probably between 600 and 700.
4. No new health ordinances have been passed during the year. All
sanitary regulations, as far as is known, have been well enforced. (Health
ordinance, see report of 1894, p. 27.)
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. Elb ridge G. Carpenter, M. D., health officer.
7. It is understood that gratuitous vaccination is given to any who may
apply to health officer.
8. Undertakers are prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen are prompt in making returns of marriages.
George A. Loomk, Town Clerk.
WEST GREENWICH.
No reply from the town clerk.
WARWICK.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. No new sanitary ordinances have been adopted during the year.
(Contagious disease ordinance, see report of 1893, p. 45.)
1891).] secrrtauy's kki'okt. 15
ri. Tliis town has no Icjjal buanl ol' hcaltli otlitT (liaii tlic town (•(»iiiicil.
(1. Albert G. Spraj?ue, M. D., health officer.
8. Undertakers iiave made inoiiiiit returns of deaths.
0. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
.Ia.mks T. TjOCKWood, Tonui ('hrk.
NEWPOKT COUNTY.
JAMESTOWN.
2. About two-thirds of the population of this town are supplied by the
public water service.
3. A small extension of the town sewers has been made. The length
of sewers in this town is about four and one-(iuarter miles, and about two-
thirds of the population are connected therewith.
4. No new health ordinances have been passed during the year. All
sanitary regulations have been well enforced. (Health laws, see report of
1893, p. 46, and 1894, p. 29.)
5. This town has no legal board of liealth other than the town council.
6. Abbott Chandler, health oflicer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided during the year.
8. Undertakers have made prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages i)romptly.
William F. Ca.swkll, Totoi ('lerk.
LITTLE COMPTON.
\. Nothing for tlie promotion of tlie public health has been done during
the year.
an ordinanck fok thk kegulation and i'hkvkntlox of (_ ()nta<ii()rs,
infp:ctk)Us, and epidemic diseases.
The following ordinances are hereby declared to be the ordinances of
this town, and shall go into operation and effect on and after their passage.
It is ordaitied hy the Town Council of the Toini of Little C'onipton us JdUdws :
Section 1. Every physician or householder having knowledge of the
existence of any case of contagious, infectious, or epidemic disease within
16 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH, [1H99.
the town of Little Compton shall immediately make report thereof, in
writing, to the health officer of said town, with particulars. And said
health officer shall forthwith take necessary precautions to prevent the
spread thereof.
Sec. 2. The diseases referred to in the preceding section shall include
asiatic cholera, cerebro spinal meningitis (spotted fever), membranous
croup, diphtheria, measles, scarlet fever, small-pox, typhus fever, typhoid
fever, whooping cough, yellow fever, and such other contagious, infectious>
or epidemic diseases as the health officer shall from time to time designate.
Sec. 3. Any physician, householder, or person who shall fail to comply
with the provisions of the preceding sections shall be fined not less than
five dollars, nor more than ten dollars, for each day of such neglect, after
having knowledge of the existence of any of the diseases aforesaid.
Sec. 4, Whenever the health officer shall believe, or is notified that
there exists in the town of Little Compton, any case of malignant or con-
tagious disease, he shall have authority to visit the premises where the
disease is supposed or suspected to exist, and to investigate the matter of
such existence, and to take proper precautions to prevent the spread of
such disease, and he may, if necessary, call upon the town sergeant for
assistance in making such investigations, or in enforcing the observance
of such precautions as may be issued advisable.
Sec. 5. The health officer having knowledge of the presence of scarlet
fever, diphtheria, measles, small-pox, or Asiatic cholera in any house, shall
place or cause to be placed a card or cards upon such house where such
disease or diseases exist, bearing the name or names of the disease or
diseases in such house, which card or cards shall not be removed without
the consent of the health officer. Any person who shall wilfully remove
or deface said card or cards shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined ten
dollars for the first offence and twenty dollars for each subsequent offence.
Sec. 6. The health officer may, upon consultation with, and by the
advice and consent of, some member of the town council, set a proper
guard to prevent the spread of any contagious, infectious, or epidemic
diseases, and shall give such directions as he may deem proper concerning
the ingress and egress of persons to and from any house in which any of
said diseases exist ; and any member of the town council in his discretion,
if, in his opinion, immediate action is required, upon receiving notifica-
tion that any person is sick with any infectious, contagious, or epidemic
disease, may set such guard as aforesaid without consulting with said
health officer, and give such direction as he may deem proper, in which
case such member of the town council shall notify said health officer
1899.] sKcitKTAiiv's I!i:i'()i;t. 17
Every pcrsdii wlio shall wiUiilly (lisrcf^^iinl or violate any (lii-cctioii, lulc,
refjulation, or order of said health ollicer, of member of town council, con-
cerning the inpress or egress of persons to and from said house, siiall be
fined not exceeding twenty dollars, or imprisoned not more than ten days.
Skc. 7. No person living in a family where tliere is a case of small-pox
shall attend scliool, Sunday-scliool, or any public place, or ride in any pub-
lic conveyance ; and no person emidoyed in any workshop or place of
business shall return to work unlil the patient has passed the period of
dessication (falling off of scal)s), nor till the house has been properly disin-
fected and fumigated by, and mider the direction, and to the satisfaction
of, the health ollicer, nor without a certificate or permit from tlie health
ollicer.
Skc. s. Xo person living in a family where there is a case of scarlet
fever shall attend school, Sunday-school, or any public place or public
gathering, until at least six weeks from the beginning of the last case in
said family, nor till desquamation (peeling of the skin) shall have ceased,
nor until the house has been disinfected and fumigated by, and to the
satisfaction of, the health ollicer, nor without a certificate or permit from
the health oflicer.
Sec. 0. Xo person having diphtheria sliall attend school or be employed
at any business, and no person living in a family where diphtheria exists
shall attend school, Sunday-school, or any public place, until one week
after the recovery of the patient, and until the absence of the disease has
been demonstrated by bacteriological examhiation of the secretions of the
throat, nor until the house has been disinfected by, and under the direc-
tion, and to the satisfaction of, the health officer, nor without a permit or
certificate from the health officer.
Sec. 10. No person having measles or living in a family where there is
a case of measles shall attend school or Sunday school, until one week af-
ter the recovery of the last patient, nor until the last patient in said family
has ceased to desquamate, nor without a certificate or permit from the
health oflicer.
Sec. 11. Xo person witii wliooping cough, mumps, or chicken pox, shall
attend school or Sunday school, until complete recovery, nor without a
certificate or permit from the health oflicer.
Sec. 1'2. The above rules shall, when deemed necessary by the health
officer, be extended to all persons living in the same house where any of
the above diseases exist, and the liealth oflicer may at his discretion ex-
tend the period of isolation specified in the preceding sections.
Sec. 13. Xo teaclier in a pul)lic or private school, or other educational
■6
18 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
institution, who has knowledge of such case, shall admit a person from a
house in which there is or has been a case of small-pox, scarlet fever,
diphtheria, or membranous croup, without a permit from the health officer.
Sec. 14. Every physician having knowledge of the death of any person
within the town of Little Compton from any contagious, infectious or epi-
demic disease, upon whom he had been in attendance, shall immediately
make a report thereof in writing to the health officer of this town.
Sec. 15. The funeral of any person who has died while suffering from
or afflicted with small-pox, scarlet fever, diphtheria, or membranous croup,
and the funeral of any person that has died while any member of the fam-
ily of such person is suffering from or afflicted with small-pox, scarlet
fever, diphtheria, or membranous croup, shall be private, and the attend-
ance thereat shall be limited to the immediate relatives of the deceased,
adult pall bearers, clergymen and undertaker, together with such other
persons as shall have received from the health officer permission to be
present.
Sec. 16. ISTo person who has the care or custody of the body of any per-
son who has died while suffering from or afflicted with small-pox, scarlet
fever, diphtheria, or membranous croup, and no person who has the care
or custody of the body of any person who has died while any member- of
the family of such person is suffering from or afflicted with small-pox,
scarlet fever, diphtheria, or membranous croup, shall permit any funeral
other than such as is specified in the foregoing section, and no person hav-
ing the care or custody of such body shall permit any assemblage or gath-
ering to be held in any house containing such body, and when such body
has been placed in a casket, the casket shall be immediately closed, and
not opened again before burial. 'Ro person having the care and custody
of the dead body shall knowingly or wilfully do or permit to be done
any unnecessary act by which such disease may spread from such dead
body.
Sec. 17. No undertaker shall assist at the funeral of any person who
has died while suffering from or afflicted with small-pox, scarlet fever,
diphtheria, or membranous croup ; and no undertaker or clergyman shall
assist at the funeral of any person who has died while any member of the
family of such person is suffering from or afflicted with small-pox, scarlet
fever, diphtheria, or membranous croup, unless such funeral be conducted
in accordance with section 15.
Sec. 18. Every person who shall violate any provision of the preceding
sections shall, upon conviction thereof, pay a fine of not more than twenty
dollars, or be imprisoned not exceeding ten days.
1800. 1 secretary's hei'ort. 19
Skc. 10. Any person who shall violate any ol' the i)rovisions of this
ordinance, the punishment wiiereot has not l»ecn iicrciiibefore i)rovi(h'(l
for, sliall, upon conviction tlun-eof, pay a line of not more tlian twenty
(loHars, or be imjjrisoned not exceedinj? ten days.
Skc. '20. It sliall he the duty of the health ollicer of this town to make
complaint of the violations of the i)rovisions of the ordinances of this
town.
Si'X'. 21. All comi)laints of the violation of any of tlie provisions of this
ordinance shall be made to the town council, who shall examine into the
cause of said complaint, and if said town council shall lind just cause for
comi)laint, said town council shall cause tlie person complained of to be
prosecuted.
Skc. 22. All violations of tlie provisions of each and every ordinance
now in force, or which shall hereafter be adopted, shall be prosecuted by
complaint and warrant, or other legal process, before any court of compe-
tent jurisdiction ; and in cases of prosecution by complaint and warrant,
the town sergeant and such constables as the town council shall, from
time to time, appoint for that purpose, shall alone be authorized to make
complaint without giving surety for costs.
Sec. 23. In all cases where default sliall be made in the payment of the
fine and costs imposed by the court, for the violation of this ordinance,
each and every person upon whom such fine and costs shall be imposed
shall be committed to the Newport county jail until the sentence be per-
formed in all its parts.
Skc. 24. All ordinances and parts of ordinances inconsistent herewith,
and the ordinances passed March, 1898, are hereby repealed.
Skc. 2."). This ordinance shall take effect immediately.
Passed by the town council Jmie ;kl, 1899.
Attest: F. 11. Bkownkll, Clerk.
.5. Adam S. MacKnight, M. 1)., health officer.
7. fJratuitous vaccination has not been provided during the year,
8. Undertakers have made prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages irregularly.
Frederick R. Huownell, Town Clerk.
MIDDLETOWN.
1. No special work in relation to the protection of the pul)lic health or
the improvement of sanitary conditions lias been begun or designed dur-
ing the year. '
20 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
2. There was no extension of the water service of this town. A few
families are supplied free from the mains of the I^fewport water works,
which run through several highways of this town.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. No new ordinances were passed during the year. Ordinances in rela-
tion to health have been generally complied with. The presence of con-
tagious disease in a house has not always been indicated by a notice outside.
(Contagious disease ordinances, see report of 1893, p. 48.)
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. George E. Ward, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination was provided in the month of June, and Dr.
C. F. Barker, of Newport, was engaged to make the vaccinations. The
number vaccinated was not reported to this office.
8. Returns of deaths have been promptly sent to this office. In most
cases before the burial of the deceased person.
9. But few marriages are solemnized in this town. These are returned
as required by law.
Albert L. Chase, Town Clerk.
NEWPORT.
No report from the city clerk.
NEW SHOREHAM.
1. Nothing special for the promotion of the public health was done
during the year. An appropriation was made for the purpose of improving
the "Harbor Pond," at present a pond of brackish water.
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. Hamilton A. Mott, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided during the year.
8. Undertakers are fairly prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Edward P. Champlin, Toimi Clerk.
PORTSMOUTH.
1. Nothing particular for the promotion of the public health has been
done during the year. In fact, there is not much cause for anything of
this kind.
1809.] SKCRETAIiV's KKI'OKT. 21
2. Tliis town has no ])ublic water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. At a session of the town conncil as a hoard of licalth, held on th<'
sill (lay of May, it was voted and onhiincd that any and all jx-rsons be, and
are hereby, strictly forbidden to dnnip any rubbish of any kind whatsoever
on any part or within any of the resitective highways in this town.
5. The town council constitutes the board of health.
G. Minot A. Steele, M. I)., health ollicer.
7. (iratuitons vaccination has been provided durinpr the year, and about
one-eighth of the population has availed itself of the same.
8. Undertakers are prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
WiLLiA3r F. Braytox, Town Clerk.
TIVERTON.
No reply from the town clerk.
4. (Contagious disease ordinances, see report of 1S07, p. 17.)
PKOVIDENCE COUNTY.
BURRILLVILLE.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. No new ordinances have been passed during the year. Those in
force are fairly well enforced. (Contagious disease ordinances, see report
of 1897, p. 20.)
T). This town has no legal board of health otiier than the town council
G. John Clavin, health ofHcer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided during the year.
8. The undertakers have been coniniendably prompt with their returns
of death.
9. Clergymen generally maki' returns of marriages promptly.
EixiAU A. Mathkwsox, I'oim Clerk.
23 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
CENTRAL FALLS.
1. IsTothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. About 95 per cent, of the population of this city is supplied by the
water service of this city.
3. The length of sewers in this city is 8.03 miles, and about 35 per cent,
of the population is connected therewith.
5. The board of aldermen constitute the board of health of this city.
6. Charles F. Sweet, M. D., health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has been provided during the year, and 316
persons availed themselves of the same. The city physician acts as vacci-
nating physician, and all who wish it are vaccinated or revaccinated.
8. LTndertakers are prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
C. Fked. Crawtord, City Clerk.
CRAKSTOK
1. ISTothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
(3. Daniel S. Latham, M. D., and John Bigbee, health officers.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has been provided during the year.
8. Undertakers are prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Daniel D. Waterman, Toxon Clerk.
CUMBERLAN^D.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. There has been no extension of the public water service during the
year.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. There have been no new ordinances adopted during the year. Those
in force at present are well enforced. (Contagious disease ordinance, see
report of 1893, p. 53.)
1899.] seckktaky's KKi'oirr. 33
5. Tliis town lias no Icfj^al board of licaltli otlici' lliau tlic town council,
(i. William .1. Mcdunnaslc, health olliccr.
7. (iratuitous vaccination has not been provided durinf,^ tiie year.
8. Undertakers are prompt in making: returns of deaths.
!». ('ler<,^ynien do not make returns of marriages promptly.
.Toiix F. Clakk, Toirn Clerk.
EAST PROVIDENCE.
1. Notliin.n' for the promotion of the public health has been done during,'
tlie year.
2. About To per cent, of the population of this town is supplied by the
water service of this town.
3. The length of sewers in this town is one and one-quarter miles, and
about two per cent, of the population is connected therewith.
4. There have been no new ordinances adopted during the year. Those
in force at present are well enforced. (Contagious disease and garbage
ordinances, see report of 1893, p. 54.)
5. This towii has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. Mason B. Wood, health otHcer.
8. There have been some violations of the law requiring the prompt
returns of deaths. All these, however, have been remedied.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
James G. Peck, Toicn Clerk.
FOSTER.
6. Henry Arnold, M. D., health officer.
8. Undertakers are fairly prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen are fairly prompt in making returns of marriages.
Emory D. Lyon, Town Clerk.
GLOCESTEH.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the i)ul)iic health has been done during
the year.
4. No new ordinances have been adopted during the year.
6. George A. Harris, M. I)., liealtli ollicer.
24 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided during the year.
8. Undertakers have made prompt returns of deatlis.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Charles W. Farnum, Toion Clerk.
JOHI^STOK
1. To the best of my knowledge, nothing for the promotion of the public
health has been done during the year.
4. 'No new sanitary ordinances have been adopted during the year
The present ordinances are well -enforced. (Contagious disease and nui-
sance ordinances, see report of 1896, p. 20.)
5. Ralph H. Shaw, M. D., Charles A. Barnard, M. D., and Hiram Kim-
ball constitute the board of health.
6. Ralph H. Shaw, M. D., town physician.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has been provided during the year. Out of
an estimated population of 4,500, about 100 school children have been
vaccinated.
8. Undertakers have made prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Sterry K. Luther, Town Clerk.
LINCOLN.
2. During the year water-pipes have been laid oia Grove, Arnold, and
Front streets. About 1,000 people are thus accommodated with Abbott
Run water.
3. The village of Manville is the only place in town where there are
sewers connecting with private residences. The Prospect Hill sewer has
been extended some 800 feet. This is a sewer for surface drainage only.
4. (Contagious disease and nuisance ordinances, see report of 1896, p. 20.)
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. James W. Walker, M. D., health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination is provided for school children, of whom
about 180 have been vaccinated during the year.
8. Undertakers have made prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Charles F. Easton, Town Clerk.
181)i). I SKciiKTA i;v's hi:i'()|;t. 25
XOKTII IM!()\'II)I:N('K.
1. Notliiiijj: tor tlic promotion ol" tlie public iii-altli luis been doiu; diiriiifj
till' year.
2. There has been no extension of the i)ul)lie water service of this town
during the year.
3. Tliis town lias no sewage system.
6. Sanford E. Kinnecom, health oflicer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided during tin; year.
8. Undertakers have made fairly prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Thomas II. Angkll, Toio)). Clerk.
NORTH .SMITHFIELD.
1. To the best of my knowledge, nothing for .the promotion of the public
liealth has been done during the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
C. Remington P. Capwell, 'SI. D., health officer.
7. Gratuitous vacchiation has not been provided during the year.
8. Undertakers are rather slow in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Charles S. Seagkavk, Town Clerk.
PAWTUCKET.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health lias been done during
the year.
2. About 90 per cent, of the population of this city is supplied by the
public water service.
The following extracts are taken from the report of tin- Roard of Public
Works :
WATER SERVICE.
Snmmari/ of rioiijiinfj at No.'i. 1, 2, and 3 Station.'^ /or (he Year Eudinn
September 30, 1S90.
Total expenses for the year $20,221 29
Total number of U. S. gallons inuiiped into reservoir 2.227, 109,-.")17
•1
26
STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Total cost of raising 1,000,000 gallons into reservoir $9.07
Total cost of raising 1,000,000 gallons one foot high .031
Average daily consumption of w^ater in U. S. gallons 6,101,642
Maximum daily consumption of water in U. S. gallons 10,009,011
Minimum daily consumption of water in U. S. gallons 2,766,748
Respectfully submitted,
John H. Walker, Chief Engineer.
Table Showing Amoimt of Bain and Melted Snoio, in inches, for the Year
Ending September 30, 1899.
Days of Month.
K
w
M
O
o
O
K
W
w
1>
o
K
«
o
P3
1-5
W
o
K
<
'"6!25
s
<5
P
1-5
1-5
E-i
00
<1
K
H
PM
H
a
iz;
0
IS
0
1
M.26
*0.14
*+
1
2
0.25
0.45
0.38
2
3
3
4
0.45
+0.11
4
5
0.87
"o'so
0.58
'to'.ii-
1.16
1.29
5
6
6
7
+1.07
0.03
0.34
"6. "62
7
8
0.11
1.12
0.81
0.01
0.05
8
9
2.23
9
10
10
11
"o.'si
1.62
0.245
'6!637
1.47
"6!6i5
■■6!69
11
12
0.50
0.04
i0.07
12
13
+2.65
0.04
13
14
"6!85
6.20
0.30
0.01
*
0.287
14
15
15
16
1.05
6.375
0.39
tl.28
1.105
16
17
to. 51
0.20
17
18
18
19
0.96
i.6G
$1.99
19
20
i0.31
0.095
6.05
0.23
20
21
0.09
0.20
21
23
2.00
to. 71
JO. 78
0.35
0.10
22
23
0.80
23
24
6.32
0.40
24
25
1:2.11
1.510
6. '925
0.07
0.123
"6!2o
25
20
+0.30
6.40
26
27
2.03
t2.34
0.42
27
2«
28
29
+0.57
"i.'88
0.29
0.93
29
30
0.13
to. 61
1.65
0.085
80
31
31
7.76
7.04
2.19
5.05
5.20
7.60
4.48
2.03
3.55
4.80
1.717
8.98
Total rain, 60.39.
Total snow, 80 Indies.
* Too small to measure.
+ Snow.
% ISnow and rain.
1899. J seckktaky's kkpokt. 27
KILTKK FIKLDS.
Oiir lilter fields have continiu'd to dispose of tlie sewage of the Moslias-
suck river section in a satisfactory manner, yielding an eUhient very niucli
pnrer than the river water ever is.
The amount of sewage treated this year has been larger than in any
previous year. Tho work of the phmt is sliown in detail by tlie following
tables.
The following table shows the number of gallons of sewage received and
treated at the plant during the year :
Month. Gallons of sewage. A v. galls, per day.
October, 1898 2,405,100 77,.'J84
November, 1898 2,521,000 84,584
December, 1898 2,645,500 85,-339
January, 1899 3,370.640 108,730
February, 1899 2,212,460 79,016
March, 1899 2,344,600 75,632
April, 1899 2,593,240 86,441
May. 1899 1,801,280 58,106
June, 1899 2,442,820 81,427
July, 1899 2,859,260 92,234
August, 1890 2,774,140 89,488
September, 1899 2,796,860 93,228
Total 30,766,900
Average number of gallons per day lia.« been 84,293.
28
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
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SECUKTAKY S KKI'Oirr.
29
Tahle shou-inu Wnrkituj nf Beds from Dec. 1, ISO.'f, In Oct. 1, 1899.
V
o
a
Cubic yards of poor
sand removed from
Dec. 1, 1894, to Oct. 1,
1899.
>•? o
•§ss
Average depth in
inches of poor sand
removed from Deo.
1. 1894, to Oct. 1,
1899.
Total number of gal-
lons of sewage let on.
1
i
Cubic yards of poor '•
sand removed for
each l.OOO.OOOgalloDS
of sewage.
1
1
2
3
4
5
67
75
65
62
94
115
78
65
59
82
60
61
61
88.45
83. G8
82.24
84.61
4
'iH
3%
m
4
2^
3%
•i%
2
2
4,328.702
4,539,130
3,.556,871
3,223,1. 54
16.699,2.'J5
9.237.314
9,267.000
9,924,898
11,006,266
10,837,635
10,961,625
9,606,782
9,627,012
15.49
16.52
18.27
19.23
5.63
12.45
8.42
6.. 55
5.86
7.57
5.47
6.35
6.34
6
7
8
16.81
9
10
11
12
18
944
355.79
112,810.734
Average, 8.17
Began using beds 1-2-5-6-7 regularly on December 1, 1894.
Began using beds 8-9-1011 regularly on January 1, 1895.
Began using beds 3-4 regularly on August 1, 1895.
Began using beds 12-13 regularly on November 1, 1895.
Began using bed 6 as a sludge bed in August, 1898.
Average number of cubic yards of poor sand removed per acre of filtering area, 402.9.
Average depth in inches of poor sand removed per acre of filtering area. 3.
Average number of cubic yards of sludge removed per 1,000.000 gallons sewage, 3.15.
George A. Carpenter, Cit;/ Ennineer.
Total length of water mains connected with the Pawtucket
water works 144.38 miles.
Capacity of pumphig engines 12,000,000 gallons per 24 hours.
Water pressure in Main street square 110 lbs. per square inch.
Total length of sewers 48.8:> miles.
Total length of electric railways 2:].r)2 miles.
3. About 20.10 per cent, of the population of this city is connected with
the sewers.
4. (Rules relating to the removal and disposal of nightsoil and the con-
tents of cesspools, see report of 1898, p. 22.) (An ordinance relating to the
registration of deaths, see report of Lsos. p. 23.)
30 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
RULES OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.
1. All complaints relating to threatened or existing nuisances, or to
any state or condition of things which is or may become deleterious to
health, shall be made to the health officer of the city.
2. It shall be the duty of the health officer, whenever such complaint
is made to him as aforesaid, to investigate said complaint, and examine
the premises complained of within twenty-four hours from the time such
complaint is made.
3. If, upon such examination, in his judgment a nuisance exists, or a
condition of things which is or may become deleterious to health, he shall
at once notify the owner or occupant of the premises to cause the same to
be abated within forty-eight hours from the time of notice, and in case said
nuisance is not abated within said period, the health officer shall make his
report in writing to the mayor, setting forth the facts, with such recom-
mendation as he deems advisable ; and if the mayor deem the circum-
stances of the case to require it, he shall at once call a meeting of the
board of health to take such further action as may be necessary in the
premises.
4. The health officer shall make a report in writing to the board of
health at least once in each month, and in such report he shall set forth
the number of complaints made under these rules, and his action thereon.
5. All previous rules of the board of health are hereby repealed, and
these rules shall go into effect immediately.
1. iSTo person shall spit upon any part of any railroad station, railway
station, waiting-room, steam-car, electric-car, public building, hall, church,
theatre, market, or upon any sidewalk within the limits of the city of
Pawtucket.
2. Any person violating the preceding rule shall be fined five dollars for
each offence.
5. This city has no legal board of health other than the city council.
6. Byron U. Eichards, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has been provided during the year, and about
1.5 per cent, of the population has availed itself of the same.
8. Undertakers are prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Samuel H. Koberts, City Clerk.
189t).]
SKCKKTA I:Y S K KI'OK'I'.
31
PROVIDENCE.
1. A hufje ainomit ol' work lias been coutemplatt'd and <'X('cut<'(l dmiiifx
tlie year.
2. Extract from report of city engineer :
The population of the city is estimated at l(is,()()(), and tin; popnhition
supplied in the suburbs is estimated at 10,900.
The number of meters in use in the city is l."),i»i)o, and tiie number of
meters in use in the suburbs is 1,134.
The number of service pipes in use in the city is 19,.582, and tlic number
of service pipes ui use in the suburbs is 1,438.
The average daily use of water per service for the year 1809 has been ATw
gallons.
The average daily use of water per capita for the j^ear 1809 has been .53
gallons.
The water receipts for 1800 were §.522,124.46.
The net cost of maintenance for 1809 was $00,802.84.
The net cost of the water works construction from November 8, 1809,
to .Tanuary ], 1900, is $6,43.5,568.24, upon which there has been a revenue
for water sold of 88,878,214.35.
The monthly and annual and the average daily and monthly consump-
tion of water in gallons, including waste and leakage, during the year is
shown by the following table :
Months.
January . .
February.
March —
April.
May. .
Consump-
tion per
Month.
June.
July
August
September.
October
November .
December. .
Total 8,490,151,148 290.846.029
293,
2G6,
276,
255,
284,
335,
810,
313,
291,
283,
278,
293,
020,144
836,105
339,616
689,521
535,106
426,161
431,534
636,225
101,392
551.690
033,930
489,815
Average
monthly
consump-
tion.
Average
daily con-
sumption
per month.
9.452,263
9,529,861
8,914,181
8,522,984
9.178,552
11,160,872
10,207,469
10,117,298
9.705,376
9.146,829
9.267,798
9,531,930
Average
daily con-
sumption
for the
year.
9,582,068
32 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
The amount of water consumed, shown in the above table, mcludes the
supplying of about thirty-four miles of distribution pipes, located in ad-
joining towns, as well as supplying the greater part of the State institu-
tions at Cranston. A considerable quantity of water has been used during
the year for irrigating at the Dexter Asylum, and also upon the improved
sewerage system. Also, in the colder months, a large quantity of water
has been run from the distribution pipes, through small blow-offs at dif-
ferent points where the pipes are not sufficiently protected in crossing
bridges and elsewhere, for increasing the circulation in order to prevent
the water from freezing in the pipes.
The maximum consumption of water for any one day during the year
1899 was 1.3,356,000 gallons.
The records relating to meteorological observations have been kept by
this department.
Following will be found a table giving a summary of water works sta-
tistics prepared in accordance with suggestions adopted by the iSTew
England Water Works Association :
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS. — REPORT OF 1899.
In accordance with suggestions adopted by the ;N"ew England Waterworks
Association. Providence Water Works, Providence county , E. I.
Population of Providence 168,000
Estimated population supplied in suburbs 10,900
Date of construction 1870 to 1876-
By whom owned City of Providence.
Source of supply Pawtuxet river, in the town of Cranston.
Mode of supply:
The water is pumped from the Pawtuxet river into a storage reservoir
located upon a hill about one mile distant. Erom this reservoir it flows
into the city by gravitation, directly supplying a second storage reservoir
within the city limits, and also that portion of the city which is of suffi-
ciently low elevation to be served by gravitation. To supply that part of
the city of too high an elevation to be served by these reservoirs, a third
reservoir is located in the town of North Providence. The water is pumped
by supplementary pumping machinery from the second reservoir above
mentioned or from the mains, into the high service reservoir. This
supplementary pumping machinery can also supply the high service dis-
trict, if the reservoir should be out of service, by pumping directly into
the mains.
18!)!J.J
.SHCKHTAUY S Ki:i'()KT.
33
111 addition to tlie rcfjular distiilmtioii idpcs tlicrc is an indciH-iidfiit liif^li
l)ri'ssiir(' lire systi'in (diTiviiifj: its supply fi-mii the lii^'li service), I'or i)rotect-
iu.H' an area ol' alxml oiie-liaH' of one s»iuare mile in the centre of tlie Ijiisi-
ness portion of the city.
ITMl'IXG.
1 IJuihlers of i»niiii)iii,L>' machinery:
<i. \\'orthin,ntoii Duplex engine, built by Henry U. Worthington.
I). Cornisli engine, built by Panlding, Kemble & Co.
c. Corliss A'ertical engine, built by (Jeorge II. Corliss.
(/. Worthington Triple Expansion engine, built by Henry K. Worth-
ington.
e. Nagle High Service engine, built by the Providence Steam Engine Co.
/. Holly High Service engine, built by the Holly Manufacturing Co.
Wortliington Nagle Holly
Triple High High
Expansion. Service. Service.
2 Description of coal nsed :
a. Hituminous. Anthracite. Anthracite,
c Egg. Egg.
d. George's Creek Beading hard. Reading hard.
Cumberland.
e. Price, per gross ton delivered,
8:].98 ^5.04 .$5.17.
(J. Wood, price per cord,
s4..jO $.").00 $.").00
3. Coal consumed for the year, in pounds,
5,39.5,900 43,014 788,971
Pounds of wood
4. consumed. _coal ill pounds.
3
300 40 1,019
5. Total fuel consumed for the year, {3)-f-(4) in pounds,
5,390,200 43,0.54 789,988
0. Total pumpage for the year in gallons,
3,()92,751,000 22,749,951 .504,2.59, 180
7. Average static head against wliich pumps work,
170.30 110.08 111.90
S. Average dynamic liead against which i)umps work,
17(i.4(i 117.23 120.47
9. Number of gallons pumped per pound of coal (3),
084 529 * 639
34 STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH. [1899.
10. Duty in foot pounds per 100 pounds of coal, using following formula,
making no deductions for starting or banking fires, heating buildings, or
anything else.
Duty Oallons pumped. (6) x 8.34 (lbs.) x 100 x dynamic head (8i
Total fuel consumed (5).
100,710,400 51,662,100 67,326,600
Cost of Pumping, Figured on Pumping Expenses, Including Cost
OF Fuel, Salaries, Oil, Waste, and other Supplies, Cleaning Ex-
GiNES AND Houses, and Repairing Machinery and Boilers, was
$15,750.84 FOR THE Low Service, and $5,599.92 for the High Service.
11. Per million gallons raised against dynamic head (8) into
low service reservoir, the cost was $4.27
Into high service reservoir (pumped twice, $4,27+$10.63) 14.90
12. Per million gallons raised one foot high (dynamic), low
service the cost was 0.0242
High service (pumped twice, $0.0242 -t- $0.0843), the cost
was+ 0.1085
Xet cost of works to date $6,435,568.24
consumption.
1. Estimated total population of district at date 178,900
4. Total number gallons consumed for year 3,490,151,148
7. Average daily consumption 9,562,058
8. Gallons per day to each inhabitant 53
10. Gallons per day to each tap (distribution 22) 455
distribution.
MAINS.*
1. Kind of pipes used Cast iron.
2. Size From 6 to 3 inches.
3. Extended 19,645.57 feet.
4. Discontinued ■ 768.93 feet.
5. Total now in use t 318,4279 miles.
8. Small distribution pipes, less than four inches, total
length None
* Not including high pressure fire service.
+ Includes 10,084 feet of 36-inch pipe, 561 feet of 30-inch pipe, and 695 feet of 24-inch pipe,
which are force mains, and 19.66 feet bf 30-inch pipe, and 19,478.46 feet of 24-inch pipe, which
are used both as a force and delivery main.
1S99.] secretary's report. 35
1). Ilydiiuits added * 39
10. Number now in usi- * 1,854
1 1 . Stop pates added 46
IL'. Xiiinl)er now in use 3,331
14. Number of blow-off gates ■ 32
1."). l{aiif,fe of pressure on mains at centre of city for day
and niglit 04 to 73 lbs.
IIIOII I'KK.SSURE FIRE SERVICE.
Kind of pipes used Cast iron.
Size 12, l(i, and 24 incli.
Total now in use t 5.5008 miles.
II ydrants added 1
Xumber now in use 92
Stop gates now in use • 31
Number of blow-off gates 4
Pressure on mains at center of business portion of city for
day and night 114 lbs.
SERVICES.
10. Kinds of pipe used Lead from i to li inches, and cast iron.
17. Size From i to 10 inches.
21. Services added 006
22. Xumber now in use 21,020
25. Meters added 730
20. Number now' in use 17,124
27. Elevator supplies added 8
2S. Number now in use, 134 of 4 and 0-iuch, and 20 smaller
supplies connected to house elevators.
HEMAKKS.
The Cornish engine was not run during the year.
The Worthington Duplex engine was not run during the year.
The Corliss Vertical engine was not run during tiie year.
The Worthington Triple Expansion engine was run on 317 days.
The Nagle engine was run on 17 days.
The Holly engine was run on 301 days.
♦ Not including high pressure fire service.
% No connections of any description except for city fire hydrants.
36 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
The work in this department was in charge of Edmund B. Weston,
assistant engineer, until May 1st, when he resigned. Irving S. Wood,
assistant engineer, has been in charge since tliat time. ■ .
SEWAGE SYSTEM.
The construction of the precipitation tanks, section two, has been
brought nearly to a close, there remaining only the finishing touches and
cleaning up to do in the spring. The 88-inch conduit has been extended
from its former end, near the pumping station, to the tanks. The sludge
press house is now ready for the roof, and the sludge storage reservoirs
are nearly completed. Most of the machinery necessary for operating the
plant has been contracted for, and some of it delivered.
Plans for the other buildings necessary to the plant are in process of
completion, and it seems probable that the time is not far distant when
the process of precipitation may be begun.
Near the pumping station a screen house has been built and connected
with the rider sewer of section five, for the purpose of screening the
coarsest of the material from the sewage of the Elmwood district before it
reaches the tanks.
The pumping machinery has run in a very satisfactory manner throiigh-
out the year, and the record shows a gain in total quantity pumped,
caused by the connections made with section twenty-one and twenty-two,
as before mentioned.
The total gallons pumped for the year is estimated at 5,101,046,934, at
an expense for labor, fuel, work in screen chamber, and all other charges,
of $12,283.37, or $2,41 per million gallons pumped, or $.0888 per million
foot gallons pumped. The average amount pumped daily is shown by the
following table :
Daily average for the year 15,483,842 gallons.
Daily average for wet weather, or days in which the rain fall was enough
to visibly affect the quantity pumped 17,709,905 gallons.
Daily average for dry weather 13,824,355 gallons.
Sunday average for dry weather 8,504,696 gallons.
Number of wet days 86
Number of dry days 279
This department has been charge of John E. Bowen, assistant engineer.
PUBLIC PARKS.
There are .532,017 acres of land devoted to the purpose of public parks. .
The largest park, known as Roger Williams park, contains 422,423 acres.
1899.] secretary's kki'out, 37
of whifli 117.44 acres is covered with water, roriniii},' a series of lakt-s. In
tliese lakes are to he fonml live islands, tiie hirj,'est containiu^ al)o\it
tliirty-five acres.
Otis V. Ci.Ai'i', ('il;i Eiif/hieer.
:>. Tiie hoard of aldermen is tlii' hoard of iiealtli. Dr. Ciiarles \'.
Cliapin is the superintendent of health.
7. Cratuitous vaccinations were afforded to a large number of school
children, and a certain number of adults were vaccinated. A detailed
report of this work will be found under the report of the health oHieer.
SCITUATE.
1. Xotliing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
•2. This town has no public water service.
;). This town has no sewage system.
."). This town has no legal board of health other tlian the town council,
(j. Alberto E. Wood, health oOicer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this town during
the year.
8. Undertakers make prompt returns of deaths.
0. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Damkl U. Rkmixgtox, Toim Clerk.
SMITH IT ELD.
1. Nothing for the promotion of tlie public health has been done duriirg
the year.
4. (Nuisance and contagious disease ordinances, see report of 18!t4,
pp. 48-.-50.)
."). This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
0. Jencks Smith, health otlicer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided during the year.
8. Undertakers make prompt returns of deaths.
Osc Ai; .\. T(»ni:v. Tturn Clerk:
38 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
WOONSOCKET.
3. The aggregate length of sewers in this city is H miles. About one-
thirtieth of the population is connected therewith.
The following extracts are from the report of the superintendent of
water works department:
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
I have prepared the usual statistical tables which give in detail the
work of the department during the year.
The pumping station and contents are in good condition. The amount
of water pumped the past year has increased about 10 per cent, over last
year. If this increase continues it 'will be necessary to enlarge our
pumping plant in the near future.
The supply of water has been ample, but the quality has not been
satisfactory during the summer months. With the receipts of the
department more than sufficient to pay the maintenance, the surplus
would pay the interest and cost of maintenance of a filtration plant;
and in view of these facts I would recommend that during the coming
year investigations be made as to the best method of Altering the water
supply.
In compliance with your instructions I engaged Stone & Webster,
electrical engineers, to make an electrical survey of the water mains.
Their report to me is annexed to this report. You will observe that the
amount of electricity flowing over the water mains is large, and voltage
is above the average found in the various cities where they have made
examinations. Their recommendation " that, wherever the main pipers,
and particularly the service pipes along railway streets within half mile
of the power house, are, on account of excavations, for any purpose
esrposed to view, you will note the condition of pipe and soil," I have
carried out, and during the construction of the Main street sewer I
examined all exposed pipes and have found many places where electro-
lytic action was taking place. I found several places where cast of
quarter of an inch, several service pipes showing corrosion, lead joints of
the hydrant branches show electrolytic action. The cause of this trouble
is the electric current escaping from the rails of the St. R. R. Co., and if
allowed to continue, will in time prove serious and expensive. There is a
remedy— the Woonsocket Street Railway Co. should be compelled to so
construct their tracks that the leakage of electricity should be reduced
below the danger point.
1801). J SKCKETAIiV's liKI'ORT. 39
Duriiip tlic year the reservoir Xo. :j lias been drawn to a point .'{.s:} feet
below tilt' overllow, and at the present time it is '2.') feet below.
Uyhon I. Cook, Siqyerintendent.
i!i:roi:r ro r.vnoN i. (ook, supkkintkndknt watku works, on klkc
TROl.VrU INVKSTKJATIOX OF WATKIt I'lIMNO SVSTK.M WOONSOCKKT,
K. I.
Stonk & Wkhstkk, Boston, Mass.
Bi/ron I. Cook, E.s(j., Superintendent Water Work.s, Woonsocket, li. I.:
Dkar Sir :— At your request we have made an electrical survey of the
water piping system of Woonsocket, to determine in a general way the
probability of serious deterioration of the pipes from electrolytic action
now going on, owing to current escaping from the street car rails.
We have found from the measurements taken, indications that the cur-
rent Hows, in quantities varyhig from small to large accordmg to the mun-
ber of cars moving, first from rails to pipes and then back on the rails
again in finding its way by the easiest path to the power house. The places
where it leaves the pipes are the only ones where electrolytic action will
take place : hence only in the region of the power liouse,is trouble likely
to occur, except under conditions which we do not need to consider in this
case.
As we were not asked to make a complete investigation, we did not have
any holes dug for the purpose of examining the condition of pipes and soil
in the power station district, the place where trouble would naturally be
expected and where the voltmeter readings showed indications that it
might well occur. We understand, moreover, that there lias been no case
in the city where a water pipe has been known to be eaten througli and
therefore become unfit for use, owing to electrolysis.
Within the conditions to which we were limited, however, we have found
out enough to lead to the conclusion that there is likelihood of the water
pipes, particularly the lead service pipes, now undergoing serious corrosion
in places along the electric railway streets near the power house. If
trouble is apparent it will probably be found, not along a large section of
pipe, but limited to short lengths of a few feet or even a few inches, de-
pending largely upon the condition of the soil. A dry soil is almost a non-
conductor of electricity.
As a result of our hivestigation we recommend that wherever the main
pipes, and particularly the service pipes, along railway streets within a
half mile of the power house are, on account of excavations for any i)ur-
pose, exposed to view, you note the conditions of pipes and soil, and that
you always preserve for future comparison ayy ineces of i)ii)e which you.
take out of the ground which seem to have sulVered from corrosion «if any
kind. We further recommend that you continue to take voltmeter read-
ings as you have before, as they are likely to be of value for compari-
son.
The list of readings in the appendix to this report will probably be use-
I'ul to refer to in keeping watch of tlie conditions of your piping system
40 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899,
from now on. So long as no manifest case of electrolytic action has ap-
peared, you will hardly have sufficient ground for complaint against the
street railway company for threatened damage ; but if trouble from elec-
trolytic action once begins we believe from the conditions noted that it
will break out frequently, and that the data with which you will be pro-
vided will serve for good evidence of the cause of trouble. We believe
that any action which the railway company might now take to better con-
ditions is simply what it ought to do, and not what it is bound to do.
Yours very truly,
Stone & Webster.
appendix a. — record of voltmeter readings.
Electrolytic Investigation of Water Piping System in Woonsocket, R. I.
(Appendix to report to Byron I. Cook, Superintendent.)
Hydrant to rail maximum readings 5-15-99, 10 A. M.
Main street opposite No. 28 : -f 6 fluctuating and dropping off.
Main street opposite Ko. 165 : + 2 to -f 4.
Main sjbreet opposite No. 238 : -h 4 to — 2 car passing makes it — .
Monument square and Blackstone + 1. No carnear.
N. Main st. opp. 275 :X4to — 6( — 6 = with car coming ( up hill : +
when car stopped.)
Blackstone and W. School : + 2 to — 1 mostly +, no car near. -
Harris av. last in Woon. -i- 1 to — 4 largest — when car is climbing hill.
South Main and Glenark : — 2 to — 5 car climbing hill ; — 1 with no car near.
South Main at Old Bank Village + 1.5 to — 13 last in Woonsocket.
South Main opp. Woonsocket Hill Rd. : 0 to — 12 car passing up hill.
Providence st. last in Woon. : -i- 2 to — 6 — with car passing ; -i- with no
car near.
Park avenue, last in- Woon. + 1.5 to — 1 no car near.
Cass avenue at Mendon Rd. : — 5 to — 50 ace. to car.
With car stopped nearby : — 20 + quite steady showing disturbance from
other car perhaps a mile off.
Social St. and Diamond Hill Rd. : -h 2.2 to — 6 ; — with no car climbing
up hill.
Reading taken for several minutes : -t- 2.2 to 1 most of time with no car near.
Cumberland st. at Kendrick ave : —20 to — 2 ace. to car ; quite steady at
— 20 with car climbing hill.
Little or no reading to ground at pumping station.
In front of Manville Co's office : — 20 to — 50 with car moving ; 0 with
car still.
—28
6
10
20
32
8
34
24
24
1(5
20
2
16
1
0
20
1
2()
28
1
16
28
12
10
0
26
20
30
9
26
18
30
0
30
6
38
16
38
18
44
20
40
10
0
14
0
1
18
20
0
28
16
1899,] secretary's report. 41
Reading to river close by about same, only in opposite direction.
Court and Main streets : -t- 2 to -f- 7, (10 min. reading, hydrant to ground
+ .2).
Cass av. at Mendon lid. Readings taken every 10 seconds lor aljout 10
minutes with car going towards Manville :
28
32
32
34
34
34
24
24
26
32
30
32
36
Keadhigs taken every 10 seconds for about four miuutes, with car going
towards Woonsocket :
—30 36 0 0 20
28 44 0 0 30 •
26 50 18 10 36
30 20 16 8
30 0 18 20
Cumberland street at Kendrick avenue — 10 to 20.
Rail to river + 10 to + 20, about. Hydrant to river almost 0.
Main st. near P. S., opp. Xo. 32, + 3 to + 12.
10 second Readings for about 6 minutes :
-1-8 9 2 6 8
8 4 2 4 0
6 8 4 5 6
6 5 6 6 6
8 8 8 6 6
7 6 8 6 7
9 4 7 5 8
Court and Front streets, 3:30 p. m. Points at which needle stopped
without reference to time. Readings taken every few seconds :
+ 1 (i 2 5 6
4 5 5 5 *
6
43 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
6.5 i 4 6 5
4 i 6 6 4
6-1 6 6 3
2 4 6 6 4
4 5 5 4 4
3 4 6 4 5
KEADINGS TAKEN ALONG SECTIONS OF TRACK.
5-24-99, 12 M. About 1,000 feet in either direction from corner of Cass
avenue and Mendon Eoad ; about 2 volts drop along track with cars in
the neighborhood. (=.2 per 100 feet, maximum.)
2:20 P. M. Social street, from Diamond Hill Eoad to Elm street, along
track, distance about 2,000 feet : + i to -i- 1 — i, towards city. Car
climbing hill. (=.075 per 100 feet, maximum.)
3:15 P. M. Harris avenue, about 2,000 feet of track a little north of
Winter street : + 1 to -h 3 (mostly 1) toward Woonsocket ; cars passing.
(=.15 per 100 feet, maximum.)
6-20-99, 11 A. M. South Main street, about 2,400 feet of track. Ballon
street to junction of Old Bank and Woonsocket Hill Eoads ; maximum of
6>ol^s towards Woonsocket. Car probably in section. (=.25 per 100 feet,
maximum.)
About 2,400 feet of track beyond the last to Charlie Paine's Hill ; 4 to 6.
Car passing up hill into section. (=.25 per 100 feet, maximum.)
12 M. Park avenue from last hydrant along about 2,400 feet of track
north, 2 to 8 towards city. Eeading taken for about five minutes. Car
going out from city. (=.33 per 100 feet, maximum.)
2:30 P. M. Joe Cook's Hill, about 2,400 feet of track ; -M to — i. + =
towards Woonsocket. Probably did not get full strength of current,
as line was taken off before car climbed steep hill. (.04 per 100 feet,
maximum.)
3:30 P. M. Manville Hill, 2,400 feet of track : -f- 4 to — i. + = towards
Woonsocket. Eeading was — when car was coming up hill from Woon-
socket. (=^.17 per 100 feet, maximum.)
4:30 P. M. Mendon Eoad, 2,400 feet north from Walker's Switch ; — 3
to + 1. — = towards Woonpocket. Car coming, probably. (=.13 per
100 feet, maximum.
1899.
SECRETAUY S Illil'OUT,
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44 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS ; WOONSOCKET WATER WORKS DEPARTMENT,
CITY OF WOONSOCKET, COUNTY OF PROVTDENCE, STATE OF RHODE
ISLAND.
Population, 1899 25,000,
Date of construction '. 1884.
Source of supply Crook Falls Brook.
Mode of supply Pump to tanks.
1. Builders of Tanks.
ISTo. 1. Cunningham Iron Works, 30 feet high, 50 feet diameter 442,780
gallons.
]Sro. 2. Porter Manufacturing Co., 35 feet high, 50 feet diameter, 515,310
gallons.
ISTo. 3. E. Hodge & Co., 30 feet high, 76 feet diameter, 1,020,705 gallons.
Total capacity 1,978,795 gallons.
2. Builders of pumping machinery \ %ll^^ ii^^^^'iZftl ■
fa. Bituminous coal, American Co.'s.
b. George's Creek, Maryland Co.'s.
3. Description of coal used<i c. $4.01 (2,200).
d. 6.5^ Ash.
[e. Wood $3.00 per cord.
4. Coal consumed for the year 1,101,150 lbs.
5. Pounds of wood consumed for the year (754 -H- 3) 251 lbs.
6. Total fuel consumed for the year, (4 + 5) 1,101,401 lbs.
7. Total pumpage for the year in gallons 292,314,210.
8. Average static head against which pump works 237,909 feet.
9. Average dynamic head against which pump works 239,063 feet.
10 Dutv Gtallons pumped (6) x 834 x 100 x dynamic head (8) (. fi9 qi ' 407
•' Total fuel consumed (5) no allowance ' ' ' '
11. Pounds of coal per million gallons pumped, 3,767 lbs.,
cost of pumping figured on pumping station expenses,
viz $3,728 45
12. Per million gallons raised against (dynamic) head into
tanks $12 75
13. Per million gallons raised 1 foot high (dynamic) .053 cost
of pumping figured on total maintenance, viz $30,473 83
14. Per million gallons raised against (dynamic) head into
tanks $104 25
15. Per million gallons raised 1 foot high (dynamic) $.43
16. Amount received for 1,000 gallons based on pumpage
and total revenue, viz : $64,896.87 $.222
1899.] secki:tauy's in: pout. 4^
CONSUMPTION.
1. Estimated total population (includin}? ^[aiiville exten-
sion) 2H,500
2. Estimated population on lines of pipe 2(5,500
3. Estimated population supplied 20,000
4. Total gallons consumed for tiie year 292,241,970
5. Average daily consumption 800,922
0. fJallons per day to each inhabitant (1) 28
7. Gallons per day to each consumer (3) 22
8. Gallons per day to each tap (distribution services 7) 380
FINANCIAL.
In accordance rcith sicggestions of the New England Water Works
Association.
DIVISION I.— MAINTENANCE.
Beceipts.
From consumers.
A. Water rates, domestic $30,461 47
iJ. Water rates, manufacturers 7,842 35
c. Xet revenue for water $44,303 82
D. Miscellaneous,
(rents, repairs and sales) 99 96
E. Total $44,403 78
Due from public funds,
F. Ilj'drants $15,812 50
G. Fountains 1,640 44
H. Street watering 1,914 73
1. City departments 294 80
J. Public buildings 824 62
K. General appropriation 12,000 oo
L. Gross revenue $76,896 87
Expenditures.
A. A. [Management and repairs (book account^ $12,-372 30
B.n. Interest on net cost Xov. 30, 1898 18,101 53
c.c. Total maintenance for the year $30,473 8:^
D.I), balance 40,423 04
Total $76,89(i S7
46 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
DIVISION II. — MAINTENANCE. — Continued.
From i M. Domestic, $2,092.37, not including water for city.
fixed <
rates : ( N. Manuf actvirina' . . 0
O. $2,092 37
From ^ p. Domestic 34,369 10
meter ]
rates: ( Q. Manufacturing.. 7,842 35
R. Total $44,303 82
PUMPING STATION.
Boilers.
1. Type, horizontal tubular; number of boilers, three; size of two,
4 feet 6 inches x 14 feet ; size of one, 6 feet 4 inches x 16 feet 2 inches.
2. Grate area 50.5 square feet.
3. Steam pressure carried 55.6 lbs.
Pumjos.
4. Type — One Worthington, compound, duplex, direct acting, with
independent condenser.
Capacity — One million gallons in 24 hours.
5. Type — One Worthington, high pressure, duplex, direct acting, with
independent condenser.
Capacity — One million gallons in 24 hours.
6. Type— One Deane, compound duplex, direct acting, with independent
condenser.
Capacity — Two and one-half million gallons in 24 hours.
Capacity per revolution, as used in calculating duty (Deane),
70,000 gallons.
8. Static head on pump (Deane) 237,909 feet.
9. Dynamic head on pump (Deane) 239,063'feet.
10. Number of days pumping 318 days.
11. Total pumping time in hours 2,866.50 hours.
12. Average pumping time per days 9.01 hours.
13. Average number gallons pumped per days run 919,227 gals.
14. Average number gallons pumped per hour run...... 101,976 gals.
15. Total pumping station expenses, not including fuel. . . $1,823 45
1899.]
SECUETAKY S UK TOUT.
47
MONTH LV CONSUMl'TION.
Avfj. Consumption.
AvR. Consumption,
Total AvR. Dally
Total f '"iisunip
Month.
0 I'. M. to 0 A. M.
6 A. .M. to 6 P. M.
Consumption.
tion for Month
Dec...
2().-),0:}8
485,820
091,704
21,444,098
Jan
195,539
475,725
071,264
20,809,185
Feb....
220,100
508,703
734,803
20,574,493
Marcli .
201,605
477,333
078,998
21,048,977
April . .
201,002
512,021
713,023
21,390,692
:\ray ...
255,767
580,005
842,702
26,024,919
J line . . .
271,172
731,103
1,002,335
30,070,068
July . . .
234,853
634,750
869,603
26,957,723
Aug. . . .
• 231,278
001,080
892,964
27,690,808
Sept. .. .
226,853
024,779
851,632
25,548,937
Oct. ...
232,297
591,409
823,706
2.5,534,988
Xov. . . .
240,540
588,073
838,213
25,140,401
.Total
2,732,004
08,790,003
9,011,007
202,241,970
Av'gs
227,607
573,255
800,922
24,353,498
TOTAL VKARLY COXSL'MPTIOX FROM 1885 TO 1899.
1S85 53,884,669 gallons.
1880 88,024,040
1S87 98,507,585
1888 . . 0 months 74,158,335
1889 101,152,979
ISOO 120,32.5,803
1801 131,770,308
1S02 153,527,852
1893 204,208,187
1894 205,080,010
1 895 225,203,830
1890 250,429,005
1897 271,230.500
1898 209,505,878
1899 292,241,070
KAINFALL AT PUMPING STATION.
December -j .37
January 5.10
February ;j . 72
48 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
March 6.51 inches.
April '. . 2.23
May 1 .27
June 3.57 "
July 5.06
August 1 .96
September 6.27 "
October 1 .73
ISTovember 2.97 "
Total " 42.92
6. William C. Monroe, M. D., Leonard S. Allen, and Henry A. Barsalou,
health officers.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this city during the
year.
8. Undertakers make prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
AVjlliam C. Mason, City Clerk.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
CHARLESTOWK
1. Kothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. There were no new sanitary ordinances adopted during the year.
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. H. Yemon Weaver, M. D., health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this town during
the year.
8. Undertakers make returns of deaths promptly.
9. Clergymen are fairly prompt in making returns of marriages.
George C. Cross, Toimi Cleric.
18'J1).| SECKlvTAIiY's KEl'OllT. 49
EXETER.
1. Not liini;' lor tlic p ion nil ion of tlic piililic licaK li lias liccii done duriiij,'
tlif year.
2. This town lias no i)ublic water service.
.3. This town has no sewage system.
4. There have been no new sanitary ordinances adopted during tlie year.
5, Tliis town has no legal board of health other tlian the town coinicii.
7. (iratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this town during tlie
year.
8. Undertakers make fairly prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
John R. Edwakds, Tonm Clerk.
HOPKINTON.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service. •
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. There have been no new sanitary ordinances adopted during tiie
year. (Contagious disease ordinances, see report of 1894, p. 59.)
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
G. George X. Langworthy, health officer.
7. Gratuitous vaccination has not been provided in this town during
the year.
8. Undertakers make prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Edwin K. Allkx, Toirn Clerk.
NARRAGANSETT.
3. Tliis district lias about 20,000 feet of pulilic and about :).000 feet of
l>rivate sewers, besides house connections. About 25 per cent, of the
winter resident population, and about 00 per cent, of the summer popu-
lation, have sewer connections.
6. Daniel A. Caswell, health officer.
7
50 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
T. Gratuitous vaccination lias not been provided in tliis district during
the year.
8. Undertakers are not prompt in making returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
W. Herbert Caswell, District Clerk.
KOETH KINGSTOWN.
1. ISTothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. (Nuisance and contagious disease ordinances, see report of 1896, p. 60.)
5. This town has no legal board of health other than the town council.
6. Harold Metcalf, M. D., health officer.
8. Undertakers make prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
, Thomas J. Peirce, Toivn Clerk.
RICHMOND.
1. Nothing for the promotion of the public health has been done during
the year.
2. This town has no public water service.
3. This town has no sewage system.
4. There have been no new sanitary ordinances adopted during the year.
(Contagious disease and nuisance ordinances, see report of 1894, p. 61.)
6. Charles A. "Fuller, health officer.
8. Undertakers make prompt returns of deaths.
9. Clergymen make returns of marriages promptly.
Halsey p. Clarke, Town Clerk.
SOUTH KINGSTOWN.
No reply from the town clerk.
4. (Contagious disease ordinances, see report of 1896, p. 64.)
1899.] secretary's hi: pout. 61
WESTERLY.
Tlie followiiif'' extracts arc taken from tlic report oi" tlie Ixtard of water
commissioners :
The board, deeming? it advisal)le to have analyses made each year of tlie
watt'r supply from the wells, suljuiittcd, in Ai)ril, isno, a sample of the
water supply to I'rof. Charles F. Chandler, of Columbia I"'niversity, X. Y.,
for analysis. The report on the quality of the water, with the analysis
submitted to us by Professor Chandler, also the opinion of Mv. C. E. ilob-
erts, manager of the New England department of the Hartford Steam
IJoilcr Insurance and Inspection Company, in regard to the ([uality of the
water lor steam boiler use, are particularly gratifying.
SUMMARY OF STATISTICS.
Beport of 1S98-9.
In accordance with suggestions adopted by the Xew England Water
Works Association :
By whom owned Town of Westerly.
Works built by company in 1886-87.
Purchased by town of Westerly in 1898.
Source of supply Driven w'ells.
Mode of supply Pump to tank.
1. Builder of pumping machinery, Henry R. Worthington.
2. Description of coal used, George's Creek, Cumberland.
3. Coal consumed for the year, 808,800 pounds.
4. Total pumpage for the year, in gallons, 176,508,800.
'). Average static head against which pumps work, ll).5.
(>. Average dynamic head against which pumps work, 200.
7. Xumber of gallons pumped per pound of coal, 211).
^ i)nfv (■'fl^fo"* pumped (7) .v SSU x 100 x dynamic head (S) „ , .^.^ ^.^^
^' Total j'utl (S) 7to altoivance. ' '
9. Pounds of coal per million gallons pumped, 4,.560.
Cost of pumping, ligured on pumping station expenses. $3,479 SO
10. Per million gallons raised against (dynamic) head into
tank 19.71
11. Per million gallons, raised one foot high (dynamic) 0.098
12. Cost of pumping, ligured on total maintenance 16,882
13. Per million gallons raised against (dynamic) head into
tank 9o.64
14. Per million gallons raised one foot high (dynamic) 0.47S
52 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
Consumptio7i.
1. Estimated total population, Westerly 8,000
" Pawcatuck 3,000
11,000
2. Estimated population on lines of pipe 8,000
3. Estimated population supplied to date 7,000
4. Total gallons consumed for the year 176,508,800
5. Average daily consumption in gallons 486,160
6. Gallons per day to each inhabitant (2) 60
7. Gallons per day to each consumer (3) 69
8. Gallons per day to each tap (services 4) 523
Distribution.
1. Kind of pipe Cast iron.
2. Size of pipe 4 to 12 inches.
3. Extended = 196 feet.
4. Lowered 620 feet.
5. Changed to larger size None.
6. Discontinued Kone.'
7. Total now in use. Westerly and Pawcatuck 20f f f ^ miles.
8. IS'umber of leaks per mile .93
9. Hydrants added 1
10. Total now in use. Westerly 22
" " " Pawcatuck 18
" " " private 31
11. Total connected with works 71
12. Stop gates added •. None.
13. Total now in use 122
14. Number of blow-off gates added None.
15. Total now in use 4
16. Kange of pressure on mains, centre of town, 82 to 92 pounds.
Services.
1. Kind of pipe Lead and iron.
2. Size of pipe i to 4 inches.
3. Services discontinued 8
4. Total now in use 930
5. Service taps added 47
6. Average cost of service per foot $0.29
1899] secretary's report. 63
7. Average cost per service s7.82
8. Meters added 4(i
i). Total now in use 676
10. I )onH'stic 641
1 1 . ManufactunMs 35
12. Elevators and motors addi'd 1
I'J. Total now in use 10
FINANCIAL.
MAINTENANCE.
From ('on!<umers.
A Water rates, fixed 82,490 OS
B Water rates, metered, and miscellaneous i;],!.")"; ta
C Hydrant rentals 708 60
D Xet revenue for water from consumers 16,45;', 00
E Miscellaneous, services, etc 074 10
F Total 17,427 25
From Public Funds.
( ; Hydrants— a Pawcatuck Fire District $680 00
b Westerly Fire District 822 57
II ^Fountains, (4) not metered 120 00
I *8treet watering, and highways 50 00
J *Public buildings 10 00
K Gross revenue 10,109 82
ExpouJitures.
AA Alanagement and repairs $7,104 80
151 > Interest on net cost 9,687 50
CC Addition to sinking fund 2,:554 oo
DD Total maintenance for the year 19,2o() :]o
Construction.
A From sale of pipe, asbestos, etc *70 40
P. From maintenance account 388 19
C From water receipts 4:17 ('4
D Total receipts 905 2;;
* No cash inconie (iciivcil, Init luiiouiits cliar?,'!-!! iiiul creditt'd in luiimul report.
54 STATE BOARD OP HEALTH. " [1899.
Ex2oenditures.
E Pumping station, construction $2,855 07
F Pipe lines, services, etc 3,464 36
G Preparing and issuing bonds, etc 730 90
H Total expenditures 7,050 33
I ISTet expenditures 6,145 10
Total cost of works, May 1, 1898 $268,920 85
Total net cost of works, May 1, 1899 275,065 95
Value of sinking fund 29,117 95
I wish to call your attention to the filters at the old pumping station.
I have kept water running through and around these filters- during the
year, as much as possible, but nothing short of constant washing, or daily
use, will prevent their rapid deterioration. I therefore recommend that
they be taken down and disposed of, if possible, for, should occasion ever
require their use, the expense of maintaining them in proper condition
would probably be greater than that required to replace.
Thomas McKenzie, Superintendent.
APPENDIX A.
[copy.]
Boston, April 17th, 1899.
T. McKenzie, Esq., Westerly Water Works, Westerly, K. I.
Dear Sir : — Your favor of the 14th inst., in reference to the quality of
water which you are using in your boilers, is at hand.
In reply would say that this compares very favorably with our &e.s?
New England waters, as it forms practically no scale and does not seem
to have any injurious effects.
Yours respectfully,
C. E. Roberts,
Manager Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection
and Insurance Go.
[copy.]
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, HAVEMEYER HALL,
116th Stkeet and Amsterdam Avenue.
PROF. C. F. CHANDLER,
Telephone : 289 Hablem.
ISTew York, April 18th, 1899.
Thomas McKenzie, Esq., Westerly, E. I.
My Dear Sir :— Enclosed please find my report of analysis of the
sample of water received from you. You will see on examiniug it that
1899.]
SKCRKTAKY S KKI'OUT.
65
tlu' wator is extreuichj pure, about as piiic as a city water supply can be.
There is no evidence whatever of any kind of contamination, either
from a sanitary point of view or from a manufacturing jioint of view.
\'ery sincerely yours,
C. F. ('iiANi)ij;i:.
No. 3491.
CKHTIFICATK OK AX.\ LYSIS.
Xkw Yohk, April 18th, 1899.
Water Commissioneks, Westerly, K. I.
Gentlemen : — The sample of Water from T. McKenzie, marked
Westerly, R. I., submitted to us for examination, gives on analysis the
following results :
Appearance Clear.
Color None.
Odor (heated to luo" Fahr.). .None.
Taste None.
Sanitary Analysis.
Results Expressed
in Grains per
U. S. Gallon of
231 Cubic Inches.
Chlorine in Chlorides 0.. 530.5
Equivalent to Sodium Cloride 0.8742
Phosphates (as P, O,,) None
Nitrogen in Nitrites None
Nitrogen in Nitrates 0 .0720
Free Ammonia 0 .0000
Albuminoid Ammonia 0.0015
Total Nitrogen 0.07.54
Hardness equiv. to { before boiling 0.0000
Carb. Lime, < after boiling 0.6090
Organic and Volatile (loss on ignition) — 0.3498
Mineral Matter (non-volatile), COj restored
with Ammonium Carbonate 3.0809
Total Solids (by evaporation), dried at
110° C 3.4397
Results Expressed
in Parts by
Weight in One
Hundred Thousand.
0.9100
1.4995
None
None
0.1251
0.0010
0.0020
0.1294
1 . 2000
1.2000
O.GOOO
5.3000
5.9000
Analysis for ^[((nvf<(cluri)i(i Purposes.
Remarks : Residue on Evaporation Pure White.
Sodium Chloride 0.8473
Potassium Chloride 0.0349
Calcium Sulpliate 0.2000
1.4.534
0.0.590
0.3442
56 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
Calcium Carbonate 0.6189 1 .0615
Magnesium Carbonate 0 . 2244 0 . 3849
Oxide of Iron and Alumina 0.0384 0.0660
Silica 0.7870 1.3500
Kespectfully,
Your obedient servant,
C. F. Chandler, Ph. D.
For earlier report upon the character of the water tests made, see
report of 1898, p. 43.
REPORTS OF
llExVLTll OmCEHS.
1899.
CIRCULAR TO HEALTH OFFICERS.
CIRCULAK No. 131.
Office of tiik Skcretaky of tiik State Board of Health,
Providence, January l, ISOI).
To the Health Officer :
Dear Sir :— An important feature of the annual reports of the Rhode
Ishviul State Board of Health is that of giving a connected history of the
occurrence of contagious and epidemic diseases from year to year, as they
may iiave prevailed in the different towns, whether epidemically or in a
less degree, together witli the location in the town (village or otherwise)
and season of the year.
If the proportion of the fatal cases to the whole number of cases of the
same disease could be given, the value of such reports would be very much
enhanced. Such proportion can be ascertained only in such towns as hij
toivn ordinance require physicians to report all cases of such diseases as
come witliin their charge.
An approximate proportion can, however, be given, after the subsidence
of the disease, by inquiry of persons living in the immediate neighborhood
of tlie prevalence of such disease, as to tlie number of the sick, or by house'
to house visitation wliere the sickness occurred, with the same inquiry,
and by the comparison of the deaths with recoveries as so ascertained.
It is for the purpose of obtaining such information, in full or approxi-
mate, and also what may have been done to prevent and restrict diseases,
that tlie questions in the inclosed circular are sent to the various health
otlicers of tlie State.
To Health Officers who are not physicians, it may be said tiiat the term
epidemic, within the meaning of the questions proposed, is the prevalence
of some disease to the extent of one or more persons aftected with the dis-
ease to every five or six persons living in adjacent tenements or in the near
neighborhood, or a smaiU-r proportion, not less than one case of the disease
60
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
in every ten or twelve of the population, extending over a large area of
territory. One sick in every twelve to sixteen persons might be called a
large prevalence, and one sick in every twenty to twenty-five, a moderate
prevalence. The number of cases of any one disease may have to be
estimated, but make them as nearly correct as possible.
If, therefore, you will have the kindness to reply to the questions in the
said circular, according to the best knowledge you have been able to obtain,
and forward in the inclosed stamped envelope, you will favor one of the
most important interests in the State, and greatly oblige,
Yours truly,
GARDNER T. S WARTS,
Secretary State Board of Health.
CmCULAE No. 132.
Dear Sir: — Replies to the following questions, as suggested in the
accompanying circular (No. 131), are respectfully solicited ; said replies to
be made on this circular, following each question :
1. Name of town.
2. Name of health officer.
3. Have there been, within your knowledge, any epidemics, or any large
prevalence of contagious or infectious diseases in your town during the
past year ? If so, of what disease or diseases ? in what locality or local-
ities ? how many of each disease ?* number of deaths ? and in what months
of the year ?
Diseases. Locality.
No. of cases.
No. of deaths.
Months in which they occurred.
4. Was isolation maintained or attempted ?*
5. What proportion of the sick, if any, were isolated ?
*According to the best knowledge obtainable.
1890. 1 rkcretary's kki'Oki-. Gl
(i. AVas any inspection of premises made, where sickness prevailed, as
to tlie sanitary condition of the cellars, pantries, sinks, sink-drains, water-
closets, if any, cess-pools, out-hduse privies, distance of wells from accu-
mulations of filth, etc., etc.? If so, please give a general statement as to
w iiether they were sanitarily in conditions good or bad, or, if any thing or
l)hu'f was unusually unsanitary, give a full description. Or, if the cause
of any (luthivak of disease was found, please state what,
7. Did you make any sanitary inspections during the past year, by
order of tlie town council or from your own option? If so, what were tliey
antl how made?
8. Do you know of any location in your town that seems to be particu
larly unhealthy to any considerable number of persons? If so, and the
cause is suspected, can such cause be removed at any reasonable expense ?
9. Do yon report to your town council nuisances dangerous to the public
health, or unsanitary premises within your knowledge ; or of buildhigs
unsafe for occupants in case of fire? (See Chapter 49.5, Section (J, Public
Laws.)
10. Has tliere, to your knowledge, been any contamination of any of
the water, milk, or ice supplies hi your town?
11. I'lease give names and addresses of dealers in ice in your town.
REPORTS OF HEALTH OFFICERS.
BEISTOL COUNTY.
1. Barrington.
2. Charles H. Bowden, health officer.
3. The contagious diseases reported during the year were five cases of
scarlet fever, during February and March. ISfone of these were fatal.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. All of the sick were isolated.
6. Inspection of premises where sickness prevailed was made, and
found to be in good saidtary condition. It is thought that the disease was
brought from out of town.
7. ISTo sanitary inspections were made during the year.
8. ]^o unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances and unsanitary premises are reported to the
town council, but not buildings unsafe in case of fire.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. E. Tiffany, of Barrington Centre, and William A. Leonard, of
Drownville, are the ice dealers of this town.
1 . Bristol.
2. George H. Peck, health officer.
3. Typhoid fever was quite prevalent during the summer months, there
being forty cases of this disease. The other contagious diseases reported
were as follows: chicken-pox, twelve ; scarlet fever, nine ; measles, two ;
and diphtheria, one. None of these cases were fatal.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. All the scarlet fever and diphtheria cases were isolated.
1899.] secretary's report. 63
6. Inspection of premises where sickness prevailed was made in each
case, but sanitary conditions were fovuul to be good, and no cause for the
disease could be found.
7. On complaint, several cess-pools and water-closets were inspected.
8. No unliealthy localities in this town are known.
0. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. John P. Reynolds and Terence P. Morris are the ice dealers of this
town.
1. Wakrkx.
2. Abraham Bowen, liealth otiicer.
3. Scarlet fever was prevalent during the months of September and
October, there being sixteen cases of this disease. There were also a
number of cases of mumps, the exact number of cases not being known,
during the mouths of November and December. No deaths occurred from
either disease.
4. In the scarlet fever cases, isolation was maintained.
5. All of the sick were isolated.
a. Inspections of premises where sickness prevailed were made, but no
unusual unsanitary conditions could be found that would account for the
presence of the disease.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to tiie
town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
KENT COUNTY.
1. Coventry.
2. John Winsor, M. D., health oMicer.
3. There were no epidemics in this town during tiie year.
4. Isolation was maintained.
o. All of the sick wore isolated.
64: STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
6. Inspections of premises where sickness prevailed were made, and
were usually found in good condition.
7. Sanitary inspections were made when cases were reported.
8. ]Sro unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. Manchester Bros., of Anthony, are the ice dealers of this town.
1. East Greenwich.— InTo report from the health officer.
West Greenavich has no health officer.
1. Warwick. — No report from the health officer.
NEWPOET COUNTY.
1. Jamestown.— IsTo report from the health officer.
1. Little Compton.
2. Adam S. MacKnight, health officer.
3. The contagious diseases reported were as follows : measles, one case
in May ; and scarlet fever, live cases, four of which were in IsTovember
and one in February. None of these cases were fatal.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. , All of the sick were isolated.
6. Inspection of premises where sickness prevailed was made in every
case, and sanitary conditions found to be good. The cases were all im-
ported from neighboring towns.
7. One sanitary inspection was made at my own option. This was a
case of an unburied, decomposing horse. I reported the same to the town
council, who ordered it buried.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., whenever any such
are brought to my notice, are reported to thp town council.
18'.)!). I sk(Ji:i:taky',s i;i:i'()i;t. 65
1(1. 'I'licii' has hi'iMi, to my knowledge, no coiitaiiiiiialion ol' tlic water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. .lami's ]j. (iray and A. I'cckliani »fc Sons art' tlic ice dealers of tiiis
town.
1. MiDDLKTOWN.
2. (Jeorge E. Ward, health oflicer.
8. There w'ere no epidemics in this town during the year.
6. There were no inspections of premises made.
7. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., when any .siu h are
brought to my notice, are reported to the town council.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. The Ne\vport Ice Company is the ice dealer of this town.
1. Xkwi'okt.
2. George C. Shaw, executive officer, board of health.
.3. The contagious diseases reported during the year were as follows :
typhoid fever, thirty-nine, with four deaths ; scarlet fever, twenty-one,
with no deatlis ; and diplitlieria, nine, with one deatli.
4. Isolation was maintained.
0. All of the sick were isolated.
G. Sanitary inspections of premises were made in all cases, but no
cause for the disease could be found.
7. Sanitary inspections of all privy vaults in the city were made, and
tliose found to be two-thirds or more full were ordered cleaned.
8. No unhealthy localities in this city are known.
0. All i)ul)lic nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
city council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this city.
11. The Arctic, Citizens, and Newport Hygienic Ice and Water Com-
Companies are the ice dealers of this city.
1. New Siiorkham.
2. Hamilton A. Mott, health ullicer.
66 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
3. There were no epidemics in this town dnring the year.
7. Sanitary inspections were made dviring the year.
8. N'o unliealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. C. A. & M. L. IS"egus and H. S. Millikin are the ice dealers of this
town.
1. Portsmouth.
2. Minot A. Steele, M. D., health officer.
3. There were no epidemics in this town during the year.
6. Several inspections of premises were made, upon complaint.
I. No sanitary inspections were made during the year.
8. N^o unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., when any such
occur, are reported to the town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
II. William H. Tallman is the ice dealer of this town.
1. Tiverton.
2. Edward P. Stimson, M. D., health officer.
3. There were seventeen cases of scarlet fever reported to me during
the year. None of them, however, were fatal.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. All of the cases were quarantined.
6. Inspections of premises where sickness prevailed were made, and
sanitary conditions generally found good.
7. No sanitary inspections were made by order of the town council.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
1890 ) secretary's report. 67
10. Tliere has been, to my kTiowledpe, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies, of this town.
11. Hnnvncll, of Tiverton, and r(;ckiiani, of 'fivciton Four Corners, aer
the ice dealers of this town.
PROVIDENCE COUNTY.
1. BURHILLVILLK.
2. ,Iohn Clavin, healtli otlicer.
3. There have been no epidemics or prevalence of disease in this town
during the year.
4. There were no cases were isolation was necessary.
(5. Xo inspections of premises where sickness prevailed were made, as
there seemed to be no necessity for same.
7. I have caused to be abated a number of ordinary sink-drains, cess-
pools, and othernuisances during the year.
8. Xo unliealthy localities in this town are known.
0. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., when any such come
to my knowledge, are reported to the town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. The Pascoag Ice Co., and ,J. Ross, of Pascoag, Wood Bros., of Har-
risville, and John Fields, of Nasonville, are the ice dealers of this town.
1. Central Falls.
2. Charles F. Sweet, M. D., health otlicer.
.3. There were no epidemics in this city during the year. Whooping-
cough was quite common.
4. Isolation was maintained in all cases of scarlet fever and diphtheria.
In cases of whooping-cough, chicken-pox, and mumps, the children were
kept from school.
0. Inspections of premises where sickness prevailed were made, and
sanitary conditions found to be generally good.
7. Sanitary inspections are made upon notilication by anyone, in all
cases of nuisance or unhcaltliy locality or thing.
8. X() unhealthy localitirs in (iiis I'itv arc known.
68 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
9. All nuisances not abated are reported to the board of aldermen. The
building inspector attends to buildings unsafe in case of fire.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. The Central Falls, Pawtucket, East Providence, Seekonk, Moshas-
suck. South Attleboro, Crystal, and Union Ice Companies are the ice
dealers of this city.
1. Craistston.
2. Daniel S. Latham, M. D., health officer.
3. There were no epidemics in this town during the year.
4. Isolation was always attempted, and, in most cases, maintained.
5. Seventy-five per cent, of the sick were isolated.
6. Inspections of premises were made only in suspicious cases. The
sanitary conditions in most cases were good.
I. No sanitary inspections were made during the year.
8. Malaria seems to have been quite prevalent in the vicinity of stag-
nant water at the corner of Park avenue and Wellington street. Auburn.
The cause can be removed only at expense of filling hole.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council in cases where measures were not taken by owners to abate
same after due notice.
10. There is a contamination of the ice supply of Dyer's pond and Po-
casset river by pollution from mills at Thornton.
II. The Crystal Ice Company is the ice dealer of this town.
1. Cumberland.
2. William J. McGunagle, health officer.
3. There were no epidemics in this town during the year.
4. Isolation was not mamtained.
6. jSTo inspections of premises were made.
7. A number of -unsanitary sink-drains, cess-pools, etc., were abated
during the year.
8. jSTo unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
1899.] SECKKTAIiY'S IU:i'<»I{T. fiO
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no conttimination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. The Pawtucket Ice Company and I5eath & Co. are the ice dealers of
this town.
1. East Providkxck. Xo report from the health ortlcer.
1. Foster. Xo report from the health officer.
1. Glocester.
2. George A. Harris, M. T)., health officer.
•S. Pertussis was quite prevalent during the latter part of the year,
there being about thirty cases, none of which, however, were fatal.
4, Isolation was not maintained.
G. Xo inspections of premises were made.
7. Xo sanitary inspections were made during the year.
8. Xo unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. I have had no occasion during the year to report to the towni council
any nuisances, etc.
11. Leward Hopkins and Fred Wilson, of Chepachet, are the ice dealers
of this town.
1. Joiixstox.
2. Ralph H. R. Shaw, M. D., health officer.
3. There were no epidemics in this town during the year. Only a few
scattering cases in separated localities.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. All cases were isolated.
6. In all cases of sickness sanitary inspections were made, and condi-
tions found to be fairly good.
7. Sanitary inspections were frequently made upon complaint.
8. The stream leading through Thoniton village to Cranston Print
Works is in a most filthy condition, owing to wool washings and dye stuff
from mills. The new filtering plant will prevent such contamination in
the future, and stream can be cleaned out at small cost.
0. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
10 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. Merritt & Sons and the Hughesdale Ice Company are the ice dealers
of this town.
1. Lincoln.
2. James W. Walker, M. D., health officer.
.3. There were no epidemics in this town during the year.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. All of the sick were isolated.
6. All premises are inspected when a case of contagious or infectious
disease exists; also when a nuisance is reported; and am proud to say that
little if any changes could be made owing to the public having taken such
an interest in the matter.
7. I have personally made inspections of all sanitary conditions where
there is doubt of its being poor ; and if found to be such, it is at once
abated.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known,
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or, ice supplies of this town.
11. The Manville, Spauldings's, Lonsdale, Moshassuck, and Saylesville
Ice Companies are the ice dealers of this town.
1. ISToRTH Providence.
2. Sanford E. Kinnecom, health officer.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
11. W. A. Sweet and John Leuthes, of Centredale, and Charles O. An-
gell, Harris Glicksman, and Herman Rasner, of Geneva, are the ice dealers
of this town.
1. North Smithfield.
2. Remington P. Capwell, M. D., health officer.
3. Scarlet fever was quite prevalent in the town during the latter part
IS!)!). J SKCIiKTAKV's llKPOltT. 71
of the j-ear, tlicic lu'iui,' ninctocn cases of tliis disease, hoik; of wliich were
fatal.
4. Isolation was inaintained.
5. All of the sick were isolated.
('). All premises were inspected and found in fairly }?ood eondition. He-
pairs were made where necessary. The disease was probably imported
from outside the town.
7. Sanitary inspections of school-houses and some private cess-pools
were made during the year.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known.
0. .Ml public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council.
11). There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. .Ulan Schnoir, of Slatersville, and C. 11. Day, of :Millville, :\ra.ss.,
are the ice dealers of this town.
1. r.VWTUCKET.
2. Byron U. Richards, M. D., health officer.
3. There were no epidemics hi this city during the year.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
city council.
10. The only ice contamination known to me is the pollution of the
Moshassuck river by manufacturing plants.
11. The City, Crystal, Pawtucket, Seekonk, and Union Ice Companies
are the ice dealers of this city.
1. Providence.
removal of privy vaults.
As has been the case during'the past few years, particular attention has
been given to the removal of privy vaults. I have always believed that
the worst nuisance and the most dangerous nuisance in the city is the
l)rivy vaults. During the past year 480 vaults have been abolished, and
only (mQ remain on sewered streets. Many of these belonged to that class
of persons wiio never make improvements unless obliged to. These cases
entail a great amount of work, and the chief inspector's time has been
largely occupied with them. Thirty-five warrants were issued for persons
72 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
who persistently refused to obey the orders of your board, but most of the
cases were discontmued on the payment of costs as soon as the work was
completed. Special thanks are due the chief of police for his assistance in
securing obedience to the orders of your board.
SWILL.
During the year swill was collected as heretofore by Messrs. A. H. & J.
Barney. Their contract to collect and dispose of the swill at the rate of
15i cents per capita per annum expired May 1st, and since that time they
have continued to do the work under a temporary arrangement. The
amount paid has been $2,144.17 per month.
INSPECTION OF PROVISIONS.
The inspector of provisions has faithfully performed his work during
the year and has done much to improve the quality of the goods sold, par-
ticularly the meat and poultry. Special attention has been given to the
enforcement of the statute in regard to "bob veal," so called. A good
deal has been seized and the business has been restricted, but considerable
is still sold, as the profits of the business offer inducement for dealers to
engage in it. The inspector devotes his attention to perishable goods only,
meats, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, and the like. The detection of the
adulteration of groceries is not a part of his work. There is no law of any
value in this State concerning the adulteration of food. Such a law, with
inspectors appointed by the State, would undoubtedly save consumers
many times more than the execution of the law would cost.
BABY FARMS.
In 1898 there were eight baby farms licensed under Chapter 464 of the
Public Laws. These eight parties were licensed to care for twelve children
collectively. In 1899 there were 14 licenses for 35 children, but probably
not more than one-third of that number of children were received for
board at any one time. There are no baby farms in the ordinary accepta-
tion of the term in the city, that is there are no places where large num-
bers of children are kept together under poor surroundings and with
neglect of all sanitary precautions. This is owing partly to the new law
and partly to the provi,sion made by the St. Vincent de Paul Asylum and
the Lying-in Hospital for those persons who would otherwise be patrons
of baby farms.
IS'JIJ.J
SECRBTAKY S lti;i'(JlCT.
73
DISINFECTION.
Disiiifcc'tiuu after eoiiinnuiicahle disease in the city is not coniitulsory,
and is only done at tlie re(iuest of tlie family. It is done by this depart-
ment witiiont charge. Tlie following are the nnmber of disinfecticjns
since 18SS :
Year.
Scarlet Fever.
Diphtheria.
Phthisis.
Miscellaneous.
Total.
1888 1894
1,210
1895
555
338
264
223
301
188
558'
478
129
145
1
16
10
20
22
11
27
27
14
32
755
1896
939
1897
779
1898
386
189'j
500
Total
1,681
1,498
69
111
4,569
Formaldehyde disiufection has been done in nearly every instance.
During the first nine months Novy's apparatus was used, but during the
last part of the year the sheet method, as used in Chicago, was adopted.
Considerable steam disinfection is also done. Corrosive sublimate and
formalin are left at nearly every infected house, with directions as to their
use.
VACCINATION.
During tlie year 1890 the number of persons vaccinated was 2,863. The
only public vaccination has been at the fourth ward room, on Fountain
street, Saturday afternoons, irumanized virus is largely employed. The
number of transfers of humanized virus in 1899 was 33, making the total
number of transfers since 1808, when an accurate record was begun, 038.
The number of certificates of vaccination issued was 2,050. The following
table gives the number of persons vaccinated and the number of certifi-
cates issued from 1850 to 1890, and during each year since that time.
10
74
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Year.
1856-1880
1881-1890 ■....
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
Total, 1856-1899
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE HOSPITAL.
The contagious or "city ward" of the Rhode Island Hospital, a
description of which may be found in my report for 1896, page 3Y, was
built by the city on the grounds of the Rhode Island Hospital, and was
opened January 13, 1896, The ward is maintained by the Rhode Island
Hospital, and the city pays $15 per week for every patient sent to the
hospital by this department. During the year there were removed to the
hospital under my direction ninety-three cases, and the total expense to
the city for caring for them was $4,390.06.
The Rhode Island Hospital lirst began to receive patients with scarlet
fever and diphtheria in 1891, and the following shows the number of cases
admitted since that time, and also the number of deaths that occurred in
the hospital :
1899.]
secretary's report.
75
Year.
1891
1895
1893
1984
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
Totals
Scarlet Fever.
Cases. Deaths.
221
Diphtheria.
Cases. Deaths.
4
4
5
4
27
108
57
70
47
321
Total
Cases.
10
17
25
31
64
1.S8
79
91
93*
Expense.
$486 48
1,558 36
1.267 77
2,297 07
3,614 78
4,679 64
4,924 35
8.404 74
4,890 06
548* $26,618 20
'Measles, 6.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES.
3reasles caused 27 deaths in 1899. Physicians are now required to report
this disease ; but comparatively few cases are reported, due chiefly to the
fact that in measles the doctor is rarely called. The number reported in
1899 was 451, in 1S9S it was 48, in 1897 it was 84, in 189G it was 278.
Whooping cough caused 59 deaths in 1899.
Physicians are required to report certain communicable diseases, but
sometimes neglect it. The following is the number of cases not reported
since 1890 :
Year.
Scarlet Fever.
Typhoid Fever.
Diphtheria.
1891
6
6
11
24
18
6
5
11
2
7
6
9
12
13
13
12
33
0
9
1892
1
1893
2
1894
1895..
1
8
1896
10
1897
6
1898
6
1899
2
76 STATE BOAED OP HEALTH. [1899.
In addition to the above, during 1899, ten cases of scarlet fever, 5 of
diplitheria, and 4 of small-pox were discovered by the medical inspector
where there was no physician in attendance. The law requiring the re-
port of measles is very often neglected, and only a small proportion of the
unreported cases ever come to the notice of the health department.
The following pages contain an account of the cases of communicable
disease that came under the notice of this department during the last
sixteen years :
TYPHOID FEVER.
During the year there were 150 cases of typhoid fever reported. There
were 42 deaths from this disease, the ratio of deaths to cases being 28.00.
In 9 instances there was more than 1 case in a house. In one house 5
cases, in three 3 cases, and in the others 2 cases. As is usvial, a consider-
able number of the cases were contracted outside of the city.
DIPHTHERIA.
In 24 families, including 35 cases which were reckoned as diphtheria, at
no time were any diphtheria bacilli found, and the diagnosis rested on
clinical signs alone. In 11 of these families deaths occurred, and from
only two of the persons who died was any culture taken by the physician.
In one of these cases one culture was taken, and from the other two cult-
ures on the day of death, but they were both negative. In 29 instances
the attending physician did not take a culture, being satisfied from clinical
signs that the case was diphtheria. In many of these the patient was
very ill when the physician was called, and he did not deem it necessary to
further disturb it by taking a culture. It appears then that in only about
one quarter of the cases in this city during the past year did the physician
venture to rely on clinical signs alone in making his diagnosis.
In 7 persons the first culture showed no bacilli present, but in five of
these it was found on the second culture, and in two on the third culture.
In 13 persons who were sick no diphtheria bacilli were found, though they
were found in other members of the family. In 5 of these only 1 culture
was taken, in 5 of them 2 cultures, and in 3 of them 3 cultures, none of
which showed the presence of bacilli, although there were very good rea-
son to believe that they were all cases of diphtheria.
During the year 3,574 cultures were examined for diphtheria bacilli,
which indicates a far greater effort than has probably been made in any
other city to search out and isolate those infected with this organism.
During the year there were 198 cases of diphtheria, with 33 deaths, or a
ratio of deaths to cases of 16.66.
1899.J
SECRETARY S REF'ORT.
77
The following table shows the number and percentage of persons of
different ages exposed to diphtlieria who contracted it, and the number
who did not. This table includes both the Klebs-Loeftler diphtheria and
clinical diphtheria. When I began to collect these facts in issfi, the in-
spector was not careful to obtain the age in every case, so that until 1890
only a portion of the cases are contained in the table, and it was only since
180:3 that the facts in regard to all the adults in the family were obtained.
The number exposed means all the members of the family where the
disease occurred :
DIPHTHERIA.
Cases.
Ages.
Under 1 year . .
1 •■ .
2 years..
3 " ..
4 '•
5 ■■ ..
c ■•
Adults
Totals.
189
176
296
299
338
318
274
230
220
151
144
122
125
SO
58
43
39
51
28
27
28
477
Number Exposed.
INCLUDING Cases.
3611
59 130
43 114
I
74, 156
164
168
71
75
68
69
58
52
49
39
53
28
33
17
30
12
14
8
9
752 1286
41
1386
1689 38748113
67 31
36| 44
39 38
37 35
48 86
36
24
33
84| 22
28 18
1664
1181' 760
409
355
444
449
501
490
442
425
421
329
321
258
301
228
205
193
177
147
139
107
95
5315
11,781
OS
21.2
49.5
66.6
66.5
67.4
64.8
61.9
54.1
52.2
45.8
44.8
47.2
41.5
85.0
28.2
22.2
22.0
34.6
20.1
25.2
29.4
8.9
80.6
78 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
The cases which occurred in public institutions are not included in the
above table.
On February 27th a case of diphtheria was reported at the Lying-in
Hospital. The child was fifteen days old and was at once removed to the
Ehode Island Hospital, where it died the next day. A culture taken Feb-
ruary 27th showed diphtheria bacilli present. On February 28th a culture
was taken from the throats of all the mothers and children and nurses in
the hospital, with the result that all were negative except two, in which
there was no growth on the tube. On March 4th another child six months
old became sick, and a culture from the throat showed the presence of
diphtheria bacilli. Two days later he was removed to the Rhode Island
Hospital. On March 6th and 7th cultures were taken from both the throat
and nose of every person connected with the institution, including the
visiting physician. Diphtheria bacilli were found in three persons,
one of whom was removed to the Rhode Island Hospital. By this time it
was determined to utilize a small house in the rear as a detention ward for
all persons in the institution who were found to have diphtheria bacilli in
their throats or nose. In all eight examinations were made of all persons
in the institution to weed out those who showed the bacilli. The last of
these cultures was taken March 19th, after which the main hospital was
disinfected thoroughly with formaldehyde, corrosive sublimate and steam.
The infected persons in the detention ward were not discharged until three
successive negative cultures had been obtained. This house was then dis-
infected. There has since then been no diphtheria in the institution, but
no cultures have been taken to show whether diphtheria bacilli still
persist. On March 6th antitoxin was administered to every one in the
institution. After that date there was no one who appeared to be sick
with diphtheria, but on April 11th one child died with what appeared to be
diphtheritic paralysis, though he had not at any time been appreciably ill.
At the Rhode Island Institute for the Deaf, during 1898, there had been
several cases of not very severe sore throats, which, on examination,
showed the presence of diphtheria bacilli. These cases were always isolated
and generally removed to the Rhode Island Hospital. After the last case in
1898 on December 15th every person connected with the institution had a
negative culture from the throat. During the winter and spring of 1899
there were fifteen cases of sore throat in the school which were examined
with negative results. On November 13th a case was found with diphtheria
bacilli present, and on November 17th every throat was again examined,
with the result of discovering two infected with diphtheria bacilli. On
the 19th cultures were taken from both the throat and nose of each per-
1899.1 secretary's KKl'OKT. 79
sou, resulting in the discovery of over a dozeu cases iufected witli diph-
theria bacilli. Similar exaniiuations were made on Xoveml)er 21st. 2.">th,
and 27th. The iufected persons were isolated and kept so until two or
three successive negative cultures were obtained from both throat and
nose. Pretty thorough disinfection was secured by the use of formalde-
hyde and corrosive sublimate, and some of the wards were disinfected
several times. At the time of the Christmas vacation the institution was
apparently free from dii)htheria bacilli, and tlie children were sent to their
homes. Afterwards they returned to tlie school, and on January 7, 1000,
another case was discovered, and, at the present writing, February 8, lUOO,
the school is not free from infection.
On December 2!)tli a child died at St. Vincent's Asylum of diphtheritic
croup, but subsequent history of the infection at this Institution must be
left for another report, as the card still remains up at the present writing.
The following table is similar to that found on page 77, but contains
only cases from families in which Klebs-Loeffler bacilli were found. It
does not include institution cases.
80 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
CASES FROM FAMILIES WHEKE KLEBS-LOEFFLER BACILLI WERE FOUND.
Ages.
Under 1 year.
1 " .
2 years
3 "
4 "
5 "
6 "
7 '^
8 "
9 "
10 "
11 "
12 "
13 "
14 "
15 "
16 "
17 "
18 "
19 "
20 "
Adults
Totals
Cases.
CO
UO
C30
00
00
11
10
6
5
37
27
17
3
48
36
26
18
49
37
19
17
61
50
33
15
48
62
30
10
47
54
25
12
47
41
10
12
50
36
18
6
39
29
8
4
30
22
12
8
31
16
11
4
13
17
13
3
19
13
10
2
13
11
3
2
10
4
5
3
8
5
4
3
10
9
2
4
2
3
3
2
8
6
0
0
5
1
0
3
75
64
35
10
661
553
290
154
Totals.
33
84
128
122
159
150
138
119
110
80
72
62
46
44
29
22
20
25
10
14
9
192
1,658
NuMBBE Exposed.
77
91
94
114
113
91
104
102
73
66
79
49
53
59
40
33
33
26
29
31
2,417
63
33
35
27
38
28
38
29
43
33
35
23
29
30
21
29
16
23
11
13
13
862
1,472
32
44
38
36
57
46
44
35
36
28
35
25
33
22
18
20
19
12
20
3
572
1,181
627
Totals,
189
164
187
183
234
211
197
190
196
146
151
134
129
114
112
101
78
72
64
55
52
2,738
5,697
16.9
51.2
68.4
66.6
67.9
71.0
70.0
57.8
56.1
54.7
47.6 <
46.2
35.7
38.5
25.8
21.7
25.6
34.7
15.6
25.4
17.3
7.0
29.1
The following shows certani facts m the natural history of diphtheria :
1889-90. 1891-95. 1898. 1897. 1898. 1899. Totals.
Number of families in which there
was more than one child 233 574 433 326 161 107 1,834
Number of these in which there
was more than one case 89 179 172 125 57 35 657
Number of children in all the
above families 894 1,614 1,690 1,262 643 458 ' 6,560
ISU'J.J secretary's KEi'oirr. 81
1889 !)0. 180195. ISOG. 1897. 189S. 1899. T.itul.s.
NiiinljL'r iif tlit'so cliildrcn wlio
wore attiicked '1^2 'i'lO 793 .'■>78 287 191 3,(«1
Number of adilitioii.'il fatniliu.s
with t'liitdren ill the siimn lioiise. 97 829 323 S.')! 119 79 1,201
Number of children in the.se fami-
lies 202 854 898 CO.") 311 19!) 3.189
Number of these additional fami-
lies attacked 18 24 30 9 II 2 94
Numiier of children in tliese fami-
lies who were attacked 2.5 28 55 20 13 7 153
Number of tenements which were
disinfected where there were
other families with children in
the house 23 108 192 188 82 59 G.52
Number of instances of the above
where the disease spread to
other families in the house 5 10 11 9 11 1 47
Number of well children who
were at once removed 54 202 141 ITG 71 57 701
Number of those who were at-
tacked on their return 2 7 0 3 1 0 13
As ill previous years, the safety of other families hi tlie house is sliowu
to be very great. In only 2 of 79 cases did the disease extend beyond the
(irst family attacked. But in three other instances diphtheria bacilli
were found in other than the initial family. In all of these cases communi-
cation was free between the families. In no case did the disease extend
beyond one family, where there was any isolation at all. Of the 57 chil-
(Iron who were sent away from home, not one acquired the disease on its
n-tiun to its home after the card had been removed. In other houses,
wiu'ii the sick person was removed to the hospital not one of the 24 chil-
dren left at home was attacked after the return of the sick one from tlic
hospital.
The following table shows the number of persons exposed to diphtheria
who had diphtheria bacilli in their throats, and who were not sick,
and also the number exposed, in the same families, who did not have
bacilli in tlicir tliroats, and who were not sick. This tal)U' may prolitably
\h' conipared with the table on page 77, wiiich shows the nuinlu'r of
exposed persons who were sick :
82
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
WELL PERSONS IN FAMILIES WHERE THERE WAS DIPHTHERIA WHOSE
THROATS WERE EXAMINED FOR DIPHTHERIA.
Ages.
Under 1 year . ,
1 " ..
3 years
3 "
4 "
5 "
6 "
7 "
8 "
9 "
10 "
11 "
13 "
13 "
14 "
15 "
16 "
17 "
18 "
19 "
20 "
Adults
Totals...
Persons Examined.
1897. 1898. 1899. Total
36
34
33
28
34
39
43
36
41
34
37
20
39
34
31
23
12
16
13
9
10
653
1,324
10
6
10
9
11
9
5
10
2
4
5
5
4
1
159
298
18
14
12
10
15
16
17
18
11
' 10
15
6
16
6
13
14
4
8
7
1
336
580
57
59
47
51
58
53
67
64
58
54
61
37
54
45
44
39
23
25
36
30
12
1,148
2,102
Number in which Bacilli
Were Found.
1897.
1899.
82
87
Total.
153
359
14.0
10.1
27.6
21.4
37.9
15.0
37.3
23.4
24.1
22.2
23.9
10.8
34.0
33.3
23.7
7.6
13.0
28.0
7.6
15.0
17.0
All the persons above mentioned who had diphtheria bacilli in their
throats were isolated just as if they presented clinical symptoms. Of the
74 persons isolated 30 were children, and of the 44 adults 20 were women.
During 1897 and 1898 no record was kept by this department of the use
of antitoxin. During these years the use of this remedy undoubtedly in-
creased, and it was deemed advisable in 1899 to again collect data in regard
to it. In all antitoxin was given to 106 persons, of whom 17, or 16.04 per
1899.] secretauy's report. 83
cent, died ; 30 of these were treated in tlie liospital, and of these .">, or
10.0(t per cent., died. Tliere were '.»4 cases of diplitheria in whidi antitoxin
was not used, with K! deaths, giving a fatality of 17.02. In 12 of the cases
and 3 of tlie deatlis where antitoxin was used, eitlier no culture was taken,
or else no bacilli were found. In all the others treated with antitoxin
diphtheria bacilli were found. It may fairly be said, I think, that in the
majority of the milder cases antitoxin is not given, so that as a rule the
non-antitoxin cases are not so severe as the antitoxin cases, but whether
this is surticient to account for the apparent failure of antitoxin to give
the results reported from other cities I am not prepared to say. Antitoxui
was used for immunization in 17 instances in private families, in none of
which the disease afterwards developed. It was used in about sixty per-
sons at the Lying-in Hospital. One of the little children so treated died
about four weeks after injection, apparently of diphtheretic paralysis,
although it had not been otherwise sick. Most of the antitoxin used was
distributed by the State board of health, very little being furnished by
this department.
There were 11 deaths from croup, and one case of croup which did not
die. In several of these, cultures were taken, and no diphtheria bacilli
found. If these 12 cases of croup should be counted in with the cases in
which antitoxin was Uot used (for it was used in none of them), the fatality
would be 23.58.
SCARLET FEVER.
During the year there were 4SS cases of scarlet fever, with 10 deaths, or a
ratio of deaths to cases of 9.24.
The following table gives the result of my observations, during the past
twelve years, concerning certam pohits hi the etiology and prevention of
scarlet fever. This table, for the years previous to 1802, does not include
all the families and cases :
1887-90. 1891-95. 189G. 1897. 1898. 1899. Totals.
Number of families in which there
was more than one susceptible
child 615 l.COO 305 174 178 267 3.\S9
Number of these in which there
was a second case 334 711 128 58 68 90 1.389
Number of susceptible children in
all the above families 2,270 5.571 1,032 644 6.".5 992 n.liVl
Number of these children who
were attacked 1,194 2,935 526 318 322 477 5.772
84
STATE BOAED OF HEALTH.
[1899.
1887-90. 1891-95.
Number of additional families with
susceptible children in the same
house 273 817
Number of susceptible children in
these families 799 2,259
Number of these additional fami-
lies attacked 45 91
Number of children in these fami-
lies who were attacked 81 157
Number of tenements disinfected
where there were other families
with susceptible children in the
house 119 374
Number of above where the dis-
ease spread to other families in
the house 10 9
Number of susceptible children
who were at once removed 60 374
Number of these who were at-
tacked on their return 4 20
Number of children who were ex-
posed and who had previously
had scarlet fever 278
Number of these who were at-
tacked a second time 40
Number of adults who were ex-
posed and who had previously
had scarlet fever 541
Number of these who were at-
tacked a second time 10
Number of families with suscepti-
ble children where there was iso-
lation 285
Number of families where more
than one child was attacked 97
Number of susceptible children in
families where there was isola-
tion 758
Number of the above who were
attacked 309
1890. 1897. 1898. 1899. Totals.
197
545
139
10
112
20
132
106
161
83
79
48
27
143
60
84
82
63
87
206 1,738
628 4,866
5 173
9 309
137 939
0 36
134 930
73 588
155
982
0
12
64
490
18
170
220
1,436
104
616
Of the 206 instances where there was more than one family in the in-
fected house the other families were invaded in only 5 cases, and in all
of these there was free commmiication between the families, and in 3 of
these the disease spread from the initial family before the disease was
recognized, or at least before the case was reported. In no instance did
1809,] SKCUKTARY's RKl'ORT. 85
tlie disease spread to another family after the card was removed. Of the
1:54 children who were removed from home as soon as the disease was
recognized, 4 were attacked while away, 1 on the first day, 1 on the fourth
day, 1 on the sixth day, and 1 on the seventli day after removal. These
were probably hifected before removal. The others escaped both while
away and after their retuni. Patients were removed to the hospital from
22 families In which there remained 53 susceptible children, of whom one
was attacked on the return of the patient from the hospital. In that
case the patient was taken sick November 21st, went to hospital No-
vember 2:)d, returned December 27th, and the other child was taken sick
January 3d. When the inspector called January 4th the hospital child
was desquamating freely, though the hospital authorities stated that there
was no sign of desquamation when it left the hospital.
The following table shows the number and percentage of persons of
different ages exposed to scarlet fever who contracted it, and also the
number who did not. When I began to collect these facts the inspector
was not careful to obtain the age in every case, so that until 1890 only a
portion of the cases are contained in the table, and it was only in 1S94
that the facts in regard to all adults in the family were obtained :
8.6
STATE BOAED OF HEALTH.
[1899.
SCARLET FEVER.
Number Exposed, In
CLUDING
"d
Cases.
0 m
CO Q,
Cases.
Ages.
o
i-
4
CO
to
00
oo
00
00
"3
o
Eh
o
oo
1
to
00
00
2B
CO
00
"3
o
Under 1 year . .
29
117
10
11
7
8
182
117
425
49
24
38
61
714
25.4
1 " ..
39
160
34
15
9
21
278
93
302
34
19
37
57
602
46.1
2 years .
108
257
43
24
29
30
491
193
478
32
23
44
54
824
59.5
3 " .
108
320
54
32
31
41
586
190
554
25
19
46
76
910
64.3
4 " .
116
309
59
35
25
60
604
186
.518
26
16
42
87
875
69.0
5 " .
91
383
61
.32
41
61
669
197
621
24
13
61
88
1,004
66.6
6 •' .
113
348
52
30
32
49
624
188
559
27
12
47
78
911
68.4
7 " .
103
326
53
32
32
47
593
169
581
23
15
48
72
908
65.3
8 " .
83
223
43
31
17
30
427
168
436
30
10
36
53
733
58.2
9 " .
74
194
27
18
19
31
363
166
380
21
17
39
53
676
53.6
10 " .
51
157
33
14
15
17
287
96
339
19
15
38
46
553
51.8
11 " .
43
113
23
4
10
22
215
104
252
19
16
26
49
466
46.1
12 " .
34
104
23
8
8
10
187
104
266
22
13
21
32
458
40.8
13 '• .
33
69
7
6
12
5
132
83
199
24
14
23
35
378
34.9
14 " .
21
67
11
4
8
8
119
76
191
23
19
23
35
367
32.4
15 " .
18
41
8
2
1
6
76
67
142
13
13
12
26
273
27.8
16 " .
12
33
8
4
1
2
60
47
139
20
16
14
18
254
23.6
17 " .
8
28
5
3
1
5
50
33
104
15
18
12
19
201
24.8
18 " .
4
19
3
5
8
34
10
98
19
14
15
17
173
19.6
19 " ,
6
17
3
5
4
35
16
86
22
12
10
17
163
21.4
20 " .
8
17
2
2
29
18
76
23
8
12
11
148
19.5
Adults
42
169
23
13
15
15
277
6,318
106
2,427
2,952
838
506
510
792
5,704
4.8
Total
1,144
3,471
583
323
320
477
9,758
1,348
832
1,154
1,776
17,295
36.5
Besides the above, one case occurred at the Home for the Society for the
Prevention of Cruelty to Children, January 4th, and one at Brown Uni-
versity, April 30th, both of which were removed to the Rhode Island
Hospital, and no other cases developed. On January 4th there was a case
at St. Aloysius Asylum, which was removed to the hospital, and no other
case occurred there until October 8th, when another case was removed to
isi)!.i. I secretaky'r kki'ort. 87
tlic hospital. <)ii ()cti>l)t'r Islli and Xovciiil)ci liiid an additional case was
removed. At t]\v St. \'incent's ,\syliini a case wa.s di.scctvfrcd and
removed Ai)ril "tli, and anotiier on tlie lotli. On Ai)ril 27tii another cti.se
wa.s fonnd wliicdi was desquamating, and on ('arefnl iiKjuiry it was decided
tliat the eliild liad probably been slightly ill with the disease on April
loth, and during the entire interval had been mingling freely with about
seventy-five children from two to four years of age, yet during this time
only three cases of scarlet fever developed, namely, on April 10th, 15th,
and i'()th.
SMALL-POX.
On February 20th a case of small-pox was discovered by Dr. G. T. Swarts
in his skin clinic at the Rhode Island Hospital. The patient had been
sitting with the other patients for some time before he was discovered.
Tie was speedily removed to the hospital at Field's Pohit, and the out-
l)atient apartments were disinfected with sulpliur dioxide and washed
with corrosive sublimate. The patient was a seaman on schooner Grade A.
lUirlnnudi, which had sailed from Newport News, January 30tli. On the
preceding night the patient had been confined in jail at Newport News,
and previous to that time he had been on his vessel since he left Provi-
dence, January ITth. There was said to be no small-pox in Newport News,
but there was much in the vicinity. He said that he began to feel sick
February 11th, while at sea. Between the arrival of the Buchanan, Feb-
ruary 14th and February 20tli, he had been at a sailors' boarding house at
tlie rear of 02 Wickenden street. The rooms that he occupied were disin-
fected with formaldehyde gas and by spraying and washing with corrosive
sublimate, and all textiles w^ere treated by steam. The forecastle of the
Buchanan was disinfected in the same way. Of course all persons exposed
were, if possible, vaccinated ; but the keeper of the house, who had been
vaccinated a number of years before, refused to be re-vaccinated. The
patient was never vaccinated. The disease, however, ran a mild course,
and he was discharged from the hospital March 20th, after disinfection in
a corrosive sublimate bath. Ilis clothes were either steam disinfected
or were entirely new.
On April 20th the keeper of the boarding house at 02 Wickenden street
was found to have a mild attack of small-pox which probably dated from
-Vpril 10th, Another Portuguese sailor, Julio G , who roomed with
the keeper was taken sick at about the same time. IJoth patients were
removed to the hospital on April 20th and the apartments disinfected as
before. These cases were both mild and were discliarged with the usual
88 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
precautions May 16th and 18th. It appears to be probable that both these
cases were developed from the first case at that house through some un-
recognized case which had been hidden there between the outbreaks, and
which was contracted from the first case on his return from the hospital.
One of these cases was discovered by the attorney who owned the house,
and to whom the keeper came to pay the rent. The other case, Julio
G , was discovered by Dr. Chas. H. Leonard, when he went to the
house to vaccinate the inmates. This patient was said to have been vacci-
nated eight years before, but there was no cicatrix on his arm.
On May 10th another case was discovered on the street by an employee
of the shipping commissioner. This case was like the others, a Portuguese
sailor, who was taken sick in Philadelphia, May 6th, where he left his vessel,
about 12 days after she had sailed from Fall Eiver. He came by train
and boat to Providence, and was discovered within two hours after his
arrival. He was removed to the hospital and disinfection and vaccination
practiced as usual. He was discharged from the hospital June 9th. He
had been vaccinated in infancy and presented a good cicatrix. The indica-
tions are that the disease was contracted in Fall Kiver, although it is not
known that there were any cases there so early as April, though a number
were discovered about the last of May.
On June 2d, Antone G , a Portuguese sailor, arrived by train from
Boston and went to 62 Wickenden street, where he was met in the yard by
the agent of the house, who recognized the case as small-pox, and at once
reported it to this office. He was immediately removed to the hospital at
Field's Point, where the disease ran a mild course and he was discharged
July 1st. There was no cicatrix to be seen, and he said that he was vacci-
nated unsuccessfully at New Bedford, in April, when he returned from
the Cape Verde Islands. He had been at 62 "Wickenden street from May
14th to 17th, and then shipped on a vessel which arrived in Boston June
1st. He was taken sick on board the vessel May 28th, so that he doubtless
contracted the disease during his short stay at 62 "Wickenden street from
May 14 to 17th.
The total cost of caring for these five patients was $737.14. Three of the
men were sailors, and the duty of caring for them should have fallen on
the United States Marine Hospital Service. Dr. B. J. Brown, the repre.
sentative of that service here recognized that duty, but had no hospital
facilities for meeting it. He therefore made arrangements by which the
Federal government paid board for them at the City hospital at the rate
of 16 per day, which, however did not cover the expenses. The amount
received from the Marine Hospital Service was $354, which unfortunately
IS'.)!).] Sia'RETAKY's RKPUliT. 89
(lid not po into tlie Ilcaltli Dcitartinciil approiJiiatioii, altlionj,'li tlu' cx-
l^'iKst's came tmt of that appropriation.
ClIAKLES y. (HAI'lN,
Superintendent of Ilenlth.
I'orULATION.
Census, .hnic I, 18i)0 .l;32,14ii
Jan. 1, 1893 14S,".i44
,J une 1, 1805 14.5,472
Kstiuiated, June 30, 1899 (including 8,000 annexed) 108,000
ASSESSED VALUATIOX.
1898.
Ileal estate S142,430,200 00
Personal estate 30,127,020 00
Total sisi,. 588,120 00
Total amount of all tax $2,995,708 98
STKEETS.
1898.
raved. 39 .2 miles.
Curbed and built, but not paved 148.55 "
Huilt, but not curbed 30 .22
Received, but not built 5.48 "
1899.
.sl4G,701,900 00
41,799,880 00
$188,501,780 00
§3,110,279 37
1899.
40.32 miles.
1.50.95
30.22 "
2.07 "
Total 223.45 " 223.50 "
WATER AND SEWERS.
Miles of water pipes 314.528* 318.033*
Number of service pipes in use 20,473 21,020
Number of meters in use 10,388 17. 124
Average daily consumption of water 9,148,993 gals. 9,.502.058 gals.
Miles of sewers 168,904 miles. 174,955 miles.
Number of sewer connections 14,007 14,790
1. SciTUATE. — Xo report from the health ollicer.
1. Smithfield. — No report from the health officer.
» Besides 5..")69 for fire purposes.
13
90 STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH. [1899.
1. "WOOKSOCKET.
2. George IST. Girard, Leonard S: Allen, and Ara M. Paine, M. D., health
officers.
3. There were no epidemics in this city during the year.^
6. Particular inspections were made in regard to a limited number of
typhoid fever cases, but probable cause for same could not be located.
7. A few sanitary inspections were made by order of the board of health,
8. No unhealthy localities in this city are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
city council.
10. There has been, to our knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this city.
11. George H. Miller, B. W. Jencks, and A. J. Kelley are the ice dealers
of this city.
WASHINGTON COUNTY.
1. Charlestown. — No report from the health officer.
1. EsETEE. — Has no health officer.
1. HOPKINTON.
2. George A. Langworthy, health officer.
3. There were no epidemics in this town during the year.
4. Isolation was maintained.
5. All of the sick were isolated,
6. No inspections of premises were made.
7. No sanitary inspections were made during the year.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. Whenever complaint of public nuisances, etc., are made to me, all
such are reported to the town council.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. John Smith and S. N. Avery, of Hope Valley, H. G. Kenyon, of Hop-
kinton City, and Charles W. Clarke, of Ashaway, are the ice dealers of
this town.
LS99.J SECKKTAilY's RKI'OIiT. 91
1. Xakkaoaxskxt.— Xo report from the liealtli oflieei-.
1. North Kingstown.
2. Harold IMetcalf, M. I)., health officer.
;^. (Irippe was prevalent durhig January and February, there being a
very large number of cases with a few deaths, chiedy old people. Tliere
were also about twenty or thirty cases of whooping-cough during Novem-
ber and December. None of these latter cases were fatal.
4. No isolation was maintained in the grippe cases ; some was main-
tained in the whooping-cougli cases.
5. One case of scarlet fever was quarantined promptly. There was no
otiier occasion for quarantine during the year.
G. Inspections of premises were made wjiere demanded. In one case
wliere tjq^hoid existed the origin could not be found.
7. Several sanitary inspections of various premises hi different localities
were made at my own option.
8. No unhealthy localities in tliis town are known.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town coiuicil.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. Rose & Artist, of Saunderstown, and James Brayman, George
Orpin, and Charles McGetrick, of Wickford, are the ice dealers of this town.
1. Richmond.— No report from the health officer.
1. South Kingstown.
2. John P. Case, healtli officer,
3. There were no epidemics in tliis town during the year, although there
were a great many cases of whooping-cougli during the fall.
4. \^ery little isolation was maintained.
5. None of the sick were isolated.
6. Inspections of premises where sickness prevailed were made, and
conditions found generally fair.
7. Sanitary inspections of nuisances in the form of cess-pools were
iiKule. and said nuisances were subsequently abated.
8. No uiihcalthv loealilies in this town are known.
92 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
9. All public nuisances, unsanitary premises, etc., are reported to the
town council, except in special cases.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
11. George T. Friday and N. G. Armstrong are the ice dealers of this
town.
1. Westerly.
2. E. Howard Clark, health officer.
8. There were no epidemics in this town during the year.
I. ISTo sanitary inspections were made during the year.
8. No unhealthy localities in this town are known.
9. All public nuisances and unsanitary premises are reported to the
town council, but not buildings unsafe in case of fire.
10. There has been, to my knowledge, no contamination of the water,
milk, or ice supplies of this town.
II. L. D. Eichmond is the ice dealer of this town.
WATER SUPPLIES.
WATER SUPPLIES.
Ill July, 1894, the board commencecl a systematic monthly
chemical and bacterioloo-ical examination* of the waters of the
Pawtuxet river. This river supplies the g-reatest number of pop-
ulation of the State, the population of the city of Providence l)eing-
14:5,4:72 as determined by the State census of 1895.
The advantage of periodical examinations has a value in com-
parison of the results from month to month, and from j^ear to
year, and thereby a determination as to the possibility of contami-
nation may be made. An individual examination made at any one
time would alone be of little value, for if the sample taken showed
a purity compared with samples from other rivers it would lead to
a conclusion which would be misleading-, since during- all the rest
of the year the supply mig-ht be poor in quality. Likewise an in-
dividual sample mig-ht be taken during- peculiar and unusual con-
ditions of the source of supply, whereby a Avater of a ver\' poor
quality would be obtained and on analysis might be condemned
as a continuous supply for drinking- purposes, j-et it mig-ht be the
case that eleven other samples taken at periodical intervals would
show an averag-e quality which would be up to the standard.
Another advantage of the periodical examination is the possi-
bility of determining the opportunities for an outbreak of disease
before the epidemic may occur, and to study the relation of epi-
demics to the sujiply ; and after years of records it Avould be possi-
ble to obtain information which would give practical deductions.
Owing- to the limited amount of appropriations received from
the legislature, this Avork has been limited to the one supply re-
ferred to; and it is to be hoped that in future j'ears a sufficient
96 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
amount may be appropriated to enable the board to keep in-
formed of the condition of the various supplies, some of which are
controlled entirely by private corporations where care is some-
times diverted to the quantity rather than the quality.
The collections of the samples were not made on any particular
date, but were collected usually on the Thursday coming- nearest
to the fifteenth of the month. This was done upon the suggestion
given by the engineer's department of the State Board of Health
of Massachusetts.
It was considered that a sample taken from the river on a par-
ticular date, as, for instance, the first or fifteenth of the month,
would not give a fair average of the quality of the water, inasmuch
as those dates might fall upon a Monday, in which case, the mills
having been shut down since Saturday night, thirty-six hours
would have passed, during which time the river was not being-
used at its maximum, and the maximum contamination would not
be present. Likewise if the sample was collected on a Saturday,
it would give the result of a whole week's contamination. Being
taken on a Thursday would give a sample which would have a
better average.
The locations from which the samples were taken from the
Pawtuxet river were as follows : one from the north branch of
the river at the village of Hope, at a point where the water enters
the mill in the trench. The second sample was taken at Washing-
ton, on the southwest branch, at a point located above the mill
and where the supply of the mill is taken in. The third sample
was collected on the same day as the other two and some hours
later, at the intake of the Pettaconsett pumping station and at the
same point where the samples are collected by the city of Provi-
dence for their analyses.
The north branch from Hope to where the river meets the
southwest branch at River Point flows a distance of about three
and one- quarter miles and has a drainage area, as given by Mr.
Weston, of the city engineer's department, of Providence, of about
107.79 square miles. The distance from Washington on the south-
1899.] secretaky's kki-okt. 97
west In-aiicli to the poiut where it joins tlie nortli brancli is ahont
six miles aud has a (lraiiia<»-e area of about G7.79 square rllih^s.
From River Point to the intake at the Pettaconsett pumping- sta-
tion, where the third sample was taken, is about five miles and has
a drainage area of al)out 10.42 square miles. The total area of the
whole water-shed above the pumping- station is 195 square miles.
Along- this stream, at frequent intervals below the points where
the first two samples were collected, there are numerous cotton and
woolen mills from which, and from the toAvus which are made up
of the population which supplies these mills with labor, produce
a certain amount of refuse matter which finds its way into the
river. In addition to this, the distance of the points where the
different samples are taken would go to show that the sedimen-
tation, which occurs at the various dams where the water is held
back at these various mills, is not sufficient to reduce the amount
of accumulated contamination to any appreciable extent.
The reports of the examinations of the water taken at these
points are given lielow. The results are shown in parts in 100,000
as is customary in the reports made by the Massachusetts State
Board of Health.
The first arrangement is made collectively by dates, giving the
results of the examination of the samples taken at the different
sources on the same day, which admits of comparison of the
changes in the water from one poiut to the other.
The next arrangement is made collectively by dates at one point
only and Avill give the differences which occur from month to
month diiring the different seasons. This is followed by the ar-
rangement of average by years of each place.
The chemical analyses were made by Mr. Charles E. Swett,
State assayer ; and the bacteriological analyses were made by the
Rhode Island Laboratory, which is under the direction of Gard-
ner T. Swarts, M. D., and Jay Perkins, M. D.
98
state boakd of health.
Water Supply of Providence.
[1899.
Chemical Examinations of the Pawtuxet River Water, taken at the
Pettaconsett Pumping Station, hy months, on the first and fif-
teenth of each month, for the year 1899.
Date.
6
o <o
u CO
d
1
p cS
o d
•S'S
11
«
of
J
is 15
02
iS.S
u
o
o
O
<
35.
35.
58.
42.
35.
29.
27.
31.
34.
39.
41.
51.
43.
42.
53.
56.
60.
55.
51.
64.
63.
55.
51.
57.
11.
11.
16.
16.
11.
11.
9.
11.
12.
15.
18.
15.
18.
17.
21.
23.
23.
18.
19.
28.
26.
22.
19.
22.
24.
24.
42.
26.
24.
18.
18.
20.
22.
24.
23.
36.
25.
25.
32.
33.
37.
37.
32.
36.
37.
33.
32.
35.
5.32
4.73
4.73
4.73
3.62
3.95
3.18
7.25
8.56
6.59
9.22
9.12
9.55
9.55
10.20
10.20
12.18
7.91
8.89
10.87
11.88
9.88
9.88
9.55
.20
.15
.22
.30
.24
.20
.14
.20
.22
.20
.36
.30
.28
.21
.26
.34
.34
.30
.29
.26
.32
.29
.23
.34
.05
.02
.04
.02
.02
.02
.06
.01
.01
.02
.07
.06
.05
.03
.03
.03
.04
.07
.09
.06
.03
.05
.05
.05
.60
.70
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.60
.50
.60
.40
.60
.40
.10
.50
.50
.30
.60
.60
.60
.60
.70
.50
0
0
0
trace
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
trace
0
0
0
trace
trace
trace
0
0
trace
0
trace
trace
March 1
Anril l^i
.50
.30
.45
.40
.40
.35
.35
.60
.45
.50
.65
.45
.35
18.00
July 1
.20
July 15 ....*.
11.00
12.00
10.00
11.00
10.00
October 2
11.00
10.00
11 00
9.25
11.50
9.50
46.
17.
29.
7.98
.26
.04
.54
0
.44
10.73
1S!)1). I
SECKETAKY 8 KHI'OKT,
90
VVaTEU Slil'l'l.V OF PUOVIDENCE.
Chemical Examinattoiia of the Pawtuxet Rimr Water, taken at the
Pettacousett Pumping Station, gioing averageH, by years, for
twenty-four yearn.
[Parts (ill weij^'ht) in one million imrts of water (in weight).]
Year.
1876..
18T7..
1878. .
1879..
1880. .
1881..
1882..
1883..
1884.,
1885..
1886.
1887..
1888. .
1889..
1891)..
1891 . .
1892. .
1893. .
1894..
189.5..
1896..
1897..
1898..
1899..
Total
Residue.
50
43
37
38
45
41
43
47
45
46
46
42
41
38
41
51
48
46
49
46
44
46
42
46
62
56
54
59
70
55
59
64
72
63
59
63
59
52
55
107
71
66
75
61
57
61
55
64
107
Mineral
Matter.
74
Organic
and
Volatile
Matter.
30
24
24
24
22
21
25
24
29
24
25
25
3U
27
25
33
29
22
24
27
25
28+
24
C8
Common
Salt.
5.72
5.46
5.47
5.73
6.35
4.95
4.43
4.60
4.79
4.20
4 14
4.18
3.49
2.86
3.63
3.99
5.22
5.27
5.72
5.73
5.51
5.33
4.87
7.98
4.98
8.50
7.09
8.51
10.83
8.76
8.07
6.60
7.95
7.33
6.74
5.95
6.84
5.62
4.99
5.30
6.52
8.48
8.89
8.90
8.45
7.71
8.60
6.80
12.18
12.18
Albuminoid
Ammonia.
S
Ammonia.
.40
.32
.25
.23
.26
.28
.38
.36
..32
.30
.30
.86
.80
.30
.86
.38
.46
.34
.46
.48
.46
.36
.84
.36
.48
06
.06
.04
.05
.02
.02
.03
.04
.04
.05
.05
.04
.05
.04
.04
.04
.07
.05
.04
.09
.08
.05
.04
.04
.04
.11
.12
.10
.10
.14
.05
.08
.14
.14
.20?
.14
.10
.14
.10
.12
.14
.20
.12
.18
.34
.20
.16
.08
.09
.84
100
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Cheirdcal and Bacteriological Examination of Water from the Pawtaxet
River, at Hope Yillage, collectively, hy Months.
(Parts in 100,000.)
Date of
Collection.
Jan. 12..
Feb. 16..
Mar. 16 .
Apr. 13..
May 18..
June 15.
July 13.
Aug. 17
Sept. 14
Oct. 12.
Nov. 16
Dec. 14.
Appbaeancb.
^
p
.'2
1
Eh
a
none
none
none
none
slight
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
.30
.25
.40
.50
Residtje
ON Evapo-
ration.
2.59
3.26
2.91
3.13
3.81
1.3
1.32
1.27
1.53
2.21
1.3'
1.8
1.64
2.18
1.82
Ammonia.
.000
.002
.000
.005
.003
Albuminoid.
.0180
.016
.030
.026
.022
.020
.014
.018
.020
.026
.018
.016
.0000
.000
.001
.005
.004
.010
.004
.005
.28
.29
.35
.18
.18
Nitrogen.
.00
.030
.040
.02
.03
.025
.02
trace
.00
trace
26
630
.81 1117
99 92
.90, 141
1.01 2777
1.9
.67 483
1899.
SECRETARY S HHI'OKT.
Kll
( '/lehiic'd and Bacteriological Examination of Water from the Pawtuxet
River at WanhuHjton Village, collectively, ly MontliH.
(Parts in 100,000.)
Date op
Collection,
.Tiin. 12
Feb. 10
Mar. 16....
Apr. 13
May 18
June 15
•July 13 ....
Autr. IT....
Sept. 14....
Oct. M
Nov. IG....
Deo. 14
Appearance.
3
c
s
03
none
none
none
none
slight
slight
very
sliglit
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
slight
very
slight
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
slight
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
.20
.70
.45
Residue
ON EVAI'O-
ItATION.
d
o
a
61)
a
o
as
rti
O
H
1-4
l.t
1.3
2.8
1.25
2.86 .56 2.30
2.55 1.01
J. 70 1.03
3.10 1.61
3.95 2.03
3.16 1.44
4.69 2.10
3.43
1.61
1.92
1.72
1.94
.003
.003
.004
.005
.008
8.59 .004
.004
AiM.MONIA.
Albuiiiiiidiil.
H
o
Eh
a
.2
3
o
c
.0175
.0175
.010
.010
.012
.012
.018
.018
.022
.011
.025
.023
.028
.019
.025
.025
.024
.024
.026
.023
.032
.022
.019
.019
.000
.000
.011
.002
.009
.003
.010
NlTUOGEN.
.9 .004
4 .000
.23
.28
.44
.37
.36
.22
.80
.040
.020
.025
.04
.04
.OS
.0001
.00
1.0
.81
.77
1.05
128
1085
472
95
1.00 190
trace .99 544
802
.90
52
1.12 2858
2.1 506
1.01
84
102
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Water from the Pawtuxet
River, at Pettaconsett Parnjmig Station, collectively, hy Months.
(Parts in 100,000.)
Date of
Collection.
Jan. 12..
Feb. 16..
Mar. 16 .
Apr. 13.
May 18..
June 15
July 13.
Aug. 17
Sept. 14
Oct. 13.
,Nov. 16
Dec. 14.
Appearance.
distinct
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
very
slight
slight
very
slight
very
slight
slight
floe.
slight
very
slight
slight
slight
slight
very
slight
very
slight
slight
slight
slight
.25 3.7
Residue
ON Evapo-
ration.
.25
.25
.50
.45
.50
2.16
3.37
1.6
.76
1.9
1.26 2.81
1.95
1.05
3.09
6.55 2.70 3.85
5.62 1.73 3.
6.46
6.02
2.60 3.
2.26
3.65
1.03
.001
.001
.002
.006
.004
.003
.005
.003
Albuminoid.
.025
.028
.034
.025
.030
.028
.030
.025
.014
.018
.011
.026
.015
.020
.020
.001
.018
.013
.008
.010
.010
.008
.85
.28
.39
.59
.58
.29
Nitrogen.
trace
.050
.04
.00
trace
.040 trace
.015
.05
.04
trace
1.4
1.10
1.55
1.83
1.32
418
1654
1294
1022
1.90 4588
2.02
1.90
6510
844
1809.]
skcrhitary's HKPOUT.
103
Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Water fr 01 n the Pavjtuxet
River, collectively, hy datcx, at <Hff<;reni j>oiiif.s, I situ.
(Parts ill 100,000.)
KKsinuE
•
ArPKAKANCE.
ON EVAPO-
UATION.
Ammonia.
Nitrogen.
AlbumiiK
.id.
I'l-APK OF
a
c
d
I'OI.LECTION.
d
d
t.
4^
C
S
0
0
"3
0
c
0
(»
0
6
v
2
0
1
c
CO
c
a
a
0)
'E
0
S
1
en
a
•s
C0
3)
*
0
cs
C»
0
H
l-l
P>=<
^
Eh
0
<!
<
a
pa
JANUARY.
Hope
Washington . ,
Pettaconsett ,
3.0 1..3
.0015 .0180 .0180 .0000
.0015 .0175 .0175'
.001
.025 .025
.004
.004
.006
1.1 26
1.0 128
1.2 314
FEBRUARY.
Hope
none
.2
2.8 1.0
1.8
.000
.010
.010
.000
.4
.000
trace
1.8
6.<i0
Washington
none
.25
2.8 1.25
1.55
.001
.010
.010
.000
.4
.000
.0001
1.8
1086
Pettaconsett
slight
floe.
.25
3.7 1.6
2.1
.001
.015
.014
.001
.5
trace
.0'
1.4
1494
MAKCil.
Hope slJKlit I .80
I
Washington slight ; .25
Pettaconsett slight
.25
1.66
2.86
2.16
.16 1.50 .002
.56 2.80, .004
.76 1.40 .002
.014
.012
.014 I .000
.012 I .000
I
.010 .018
2..
.05
.00
.81
23
.06
.00
.81
28
,00
.00
1.19
1117
478
418
104
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Water from the Pawtuxet
River, collectively, hy dates, at different points, 1899. — Continued.
(Parts in 100.000.)
•
Eesidue
Appearance.
ON Evapo-
ration.
Ammonia.
Nitrogen.
Place op
Albuminoid.
Collection.
o
6
M
0
.2
0)
OS
CO
m
S
u
O
"3
a
o
•6
a>
"5
3
a
a
o
4-3
S
C
\<
o
o
o
0
_
a
^
GO
cn
M
o
H
1-1
E
fe
Eh
'-'
o
<l
<
W
PQ
APRIL.
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
very
slight
.25
2.59
.79 1.80
.000
.016
.015
.001
.28
.030
.0
.88
very
slight
.30
2.55
101 1.54
.003
.018
.018
.000
.31
.040
.0
.77
very
slight
.25
3.47
1.36 S. 11
.005
.022
.018
.004
.36
.050
trace
1.10
MAY.
very
slight
.30
3.26
1.32
1.94
.003
.017
.012
.005
.29
.040
.0
1.17
very
slight
.50
2.70
1.03
1.67
.003
.022
.011
.011
.28
.020-
.0
1.05
slight
.60
4.07
1.96
3.81
.003
.026
.011
.013
.39
.040
trace
1.55
140
95
1654
JUNE.
very
slight
.40
2.91
1.27
1.64
.003
.022
.018
.004
.35
.02
trace
.90
slight
.45
2.39
1.41
.98
.004
.025
.023
.002
.44
.01
trace
1.00
slight
.50
5.04
1.95
3.09
.006
.034
.026
.008
.50
.03
trace
1.83
1899.]
secretary's RKl'ORT.
106
Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Water/ rtwi the Paiotv^et
Rioer, collectively, l>i/ dates, at different points, 189'.). — (.'ontinued.
(Parts in 100,000.)
Residue
Appearance.
ON Evapo-
ration.
Ammonia.
NiTROOKN.
Place of
Albuminoid.
Collection.
B
d
c
s
o
O
'S
s
«
4)
a
B
o
"5
B
O
09
■d
<a
73
3
O
CO
a
.9
3
s)
2
a
r.
a
d
a
00
oa
at
CO
o
H
hJ
tx.
fe
Eh
O
<
<
»
CQ
JULY.
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
slight
slight
slight
.45 3.13 1.53 1.60
I !
.45 8.10 1.611.49
.45 i3. 37 1.0512.32
.005
.004
.004
.030 .0^0
I
.028 I .019
.025 .015
.010 .18 .03
.009 .40 .03
.010 i .44[ .04
trace
.99
trace
.77
trace
1.32
284
544
1294
AUGUST.
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
very
sligrit
very
slight
very
slight
.55 4.39 2.21 2.18 .004 .026
.50 3.95 2.03 1.92
.85 6.55 2.70 8.85
.003 .025
.026
.025
.003 .080 .030
.38
.025
.37
.015
.59
.040
0
0
trace
.99 98
.88 802
loas
SEPTEMBER.
Hope
Washington . . .
very
slight
.35
2.99
1.17
1.82
.005
.022
.018
.004
.80
.025
.0
.90
very
slight
.35
8.16
1.44
1.78
.005
.084
.024
.0
.36
.025
.0
.90
very
slight
.35
5.62
1.73
8.89
.006
.080
.030
.010
.68
.015
.0
I.IO
141
52
4668
14
106
STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Water from the Pawtuxet
River, collectively, hy dates, at different points, 1899. — Concluded.
(Parts in 100,000.)
Residue
Appeakance.
ON Evapo-
ration.
Ammonia.
Nitrogen.
Place or
Albuminoid.
a
Collection.
d
o
o
W)
.2
to
0)
S
o
"cS
o
'6
6
"cS
3
o
p
.9
o
g
g
d
t4
0)
s
o
O
o
t,
o
fl
.a
CO
03
CB
o
H
h-i
t^
^
ir*
'-'
o
<
<:
W
pq
OCTOBER.
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
Hope
Washington .
Pettaconsett
very
slight
.45
3.65
1.75
1.90
.005
.022
.018
.004
.21
.03
.0
1.01
slight
.65
4.10
3.16
1.94
.008
.026
.033
.003
.22
.04
.0
1.12
slight
.45
6.46
3.60
3.86
.005
.028
.024
.004
.29
.05
trace
2.03
■ 2777
2858
6510
NOVEMBER.
very
slight
.50
3.81
1.37
2.44
.003
.022
.017
.005
.19
.04
.0
1.9
very
slight
.70
4.69
2.10
2.59
.004
.032
.022
.010
.21
.04
.0
2.1
slight
.50
5.91
3.26
3.65
.003
.030
.020
.010
'31
.06
trace
3.1
387
506
844
DECEMBER.
very
slight
.40
3.41
1.38
2.03
.003
.020
.016
.004
.18
.04
.0
.67
very
slight
.45
3.43
1.61
1.82
.004
.019
.019
.0
.20
.02
.0
1.01
slight
.40
6.02
1.99
4.03
.003
.030
.022
.008
.29
.04
trace
1.90
483
5801
1899.]
secretary'.s report.
Water Supply of Providence.
107
Chemical and Bacteriological Examination of Water frora the Pawtxixd,
River, hy place, giving averages hy years.
(Parts per 100,000.)
Year.
Residue
ON Evaporation.
Ammonia.
Albuminoid.
Nitrogen.
«
OB
a>
s
t4
o
!a
55
•a
J3
a
OD
d
o
-sj
<
»
HOPE.
1894.*.
1895. . .
1896...
1897. . .
1898..
1899. . .
5.2
4.7
4.4
3.5
3.0
1.2
1.9
2.7
2.2
1.6
3.9
2.7
2.0
1.4
1.9
3.13 1.27 l.f
.0014
.0019
.0021
.0015
.0012
.0029
.0012 .0118
.0178^ .015
1
.01771 .016
.015
.014
.0145
.0115
.0005
.0008
.0008
.0002
.0007
.003
.8
.8
.5
.4
.4
.32
.008
.006
.006
.000
.026, .0
1.19
.8
SI
3
51
05
568
698
3830
329
616
502
WASHINGTON.
1894.'
1895..
1896..
189T .
1898..
1699..
4.6
1.5
3.2
.0007
.0131
.0129
.0003
.78
4.04
1.9
2.14
.0012
.0164
.0145
.0007
.58
4.0
2.0
2.0
.0111
.014
.0136
.0007
.5
4.1
2.6
1.6
.0015
.014
.016
.0009
.43 ;
3.8
1.9
2.0
.0014
.013
.011
.001
•4 1
3.20
1.46
1.74
.0037
.0215
.0213
.003
.38,
.02
.007
.012'
.002
.000
.025
1.24
8970
.89 560
.325: 7678
.29 12i'4
.000 .52
.0 I 1.08
615
590
1894*
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1899.
PETTACONSETT.
5.7
1.6
4.2
.0015
.0199
.0192
5.3
1.9
3.0
.0023
.0081
.0174
5.6
2.7
3.1
.0043
.0197
.0166
5.3
2.9
2.4
.0042
.018
.Oie.'i
4.6
2.0
•J. 5
.0057
.0168
.0143
4.75
1.74
2.92
.004
.087
.020
0006
.67
.0033
.66
.0029
.57
.0018
.52
.0013
.50
.007
.45
.02 I
.006'
I
.013
.023
.011,
.036
.001' 1.56 9021
....| .57 ' 8900
....I .53 11479
i
....i .6 6564
.001 .76 1547
1.70 1968
* Average of the last six months of the year only.
METEOROLOGY.
It lias been remarked in previous reports of tlie Board that the
influence of the meteorological conditions of the atmosphere, as
well as the floating matter suspended therein, are recognized and
acknowledged by all pathologists as causes of disease ; and the
following tables are therefore introduced, as heretofore, for the
purpose of comparing the large prevalence of certain diseases, at
different monthly periods of the year, with the temperature, the
atmospheric pressure, the relative humidity, prevailing direction
and force of the wind, and other conditions of the atmosphere,
and also the amount of cloud and rain-fall during each month of
the year. All of the said diseases and monthly prevalence of the
same may be found in the report upon the registration of deaths
arranged by months, in Table VII of the Registration Heport.
The first table is compiled from the monthly reports of the city
engineer of Providence, and shows the mean, maximum, and mini-
mum temperature of the different months, and the extremes and
average daily range of the same ; the rain-fall, and prevailing di-
rection of the wind.
The second table will give a more comprehensive monthly sum-
mary of observations during 1899, including a large number of
atmospheric conditions for each month, and also yearly summaries
for each of the nineteen preceding years.'
It is condensed from the annual summary of monthly observa-
tions at Hope reservoir and the city hall, in Providence.
1899.
SKCKETAIiY's KKl'OHT.
100
Table I.
Temperature, Range of Temper at are, Rain-fall, and I^eoailing
Direction of the Wind for each Month during
the year 1899.
t
"S
Temperatuue.
"3
g
o «;
a>
cS
to
u>
"■^
a
a
ca
KC
Prevaii.ino Direction
Months. 1899.
»
K
"c ^
s
&
>.
^
>,
OF THE Wind.
D
5
>.
s!
3 5
n
o
a
s
S
a
3
a
'S
a
o
1
(55
ID
'5
a
1
c a
<
o
S
S
s
S
o
i-J
<
c^
January
30.2
26.3
34.9
53.5
52.0
59.5
-2.0
-2.5
17.5
.55.5
54.3
42.0
32.0
25.5
21.5
6.5
4.0
3.5
17.0
12.3
13.2
5.18
6.00
8.88
N.W.
N.W., Variable.
March
N.W.
April
48.5
58.9
.79.0
88.5
28.5
41.0
50.5
47.5
31.0
28.5
7.0
7.5
19.1
20.0
2.12
2.60
N., S., N.W.
May
S.
72.2
73.4
70.6
94.5
94.5
91.0
.55.0
.54.5
54.5
39.5
40.0
36.5
35.0
29.0
30.0
7.5
6.5
4.0
20.5
18.9
18.7
3.62
4.69
1.56
\'ariable.
July
S.W.
Au(,'u.st
Variable.
September
62 9
82.5
43 5
39.0
27 0
7 0
16 9
9.16
N., S.. S.W.
54.5
42.3
75.0
65.0
32.5
25.0
42.5
40.0
29.0
22.5
4.5
6.5
14.1
13.4
l.CiS
2.37
Variable.
November
N.W.
December
36.0
61.0
7.0
54.0
28.0
4.5
18.3
1.88
N.W.
For the year
.')0.9
74.7
82.8
44.3
49.24
N.W.
110
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
n
•saqoni ni
Mous JO md9(i
4.50
35.25
5
^
*
• * *
: ^
; -a"
saqoai ui
MOUS P81I8H -lo
urea .}o lunorav
00 O 00 c^ o
rH o m r^ lO
»n 5D od oj (N
7J C:5 to to 00 !> QO
to to in 1-1 to CO oo
CO -qi -->" oi ^ O! t4
• OS
a
■piioio
JO janoniv uBan
CO (?< T-
■" m to
5 CO ■*'
TT -^ .n T-H -^ (M in
•» . "a" in -* in ^ji co
1 «?
1 ^
o ^
•sjaq;o nv
o o -
1 o o
O O OJ o u
■5 o o
00
•MOUS JO
urea
•rt t-
- Oi O CO
O CO to -
-« OS 05 o
00
CO
•aiqBi.reA
o o o o o
i-i O tf « 5J ^
, ^
;:
■are^
o CO oi CO in
00 ■» t- 00 OS (N ii
CO
•JB8I0
O 00 0.
05 OS c
! t- CO
11 tf 0? OS to 00 OS
OS
to
•A^iooi8A uBanf
5 00 00
i> t- in i> to t- t-
CO
t> o
•aiq'BUTJA
■* i> oo m CO
OS ■* 00 -^ O Tji to
g
•^SGMq^JON
O t- — ■ t- CO
to OS CO 'S' in <N OS
s
■*S9M
CO CC r-l 1-H rl
(N OJ C« « C« r
l< Tf
o
CO
2
•^saMq^nos
CO OS -M c* in
T)< OS T-
■< in Tji CO CO
^
a
03
•qjnos
o
1 'S' rH £- 00
00 m t- in oj o CO
o
in
a
•^SBaqinos
•■jsBa
! O CO O TH
O O i-c CO O O 0*
es
-f-
o o o o o
O (N i-c OS O O i-c
to
•jsuaqiaoj*!
T-1 O OJ O CO
O .-c TT O OS I- O
■*
•qiJON:
■^ in -^ t- "^
T-i o -^ in to to CO
OS
•ixiaircnn 1 ■u'^Qm
aAJXviaa 1
'^ O "^ lO -^
to I- t- in to
-rti t^ -^ Tji to 00 o
to to t- t- i> to c-
00
to
H
O
K
W
•aSoBa
in in
in 'si Sv
in in Tt
in If
o« ai £-
1 1 ^
in in
in ■*
in c
OS c
CO ^
in _ If
to OS o.
CO CO -d
lo in If
-tP .CO o.
TT in
in
o-
- 1
o
o
•rancumiH
in
00 T^
If
in Ti
in If
' S ^
IC
03
1
■mnniixpH
IC
C
g
io in
03 OS GO
O t- OO
in in _ in _ _ _
■^ rt i-f Oi in in ^H
OS en OS 00 t- to to
*
•a^eH
CO OS lO Oi
to T|i 00 00
(N CO 'S' in
OS ^ to OS in CO
OS CO o oj n! OS to
^- i> t^ to in ■'J' CO
OS
g
o
P3
<!
0!
>
o £
•aSuBa
■rn 05 to Tj
j> in to X
^ S g s
^
to 00 i> CO in i> 00
in in in 00 00 o in
o
os
•mnraiuiH
E
i
29.72
29.64
29.73
29.61
29.62
29.43
29.10
QC
OS
rancnixBK
GO Tj< -i!j( CO W
o o o o o
30.28
30.22
80.30
30.44
30.47
30.50
30.68
:
c
■soBaH
g g § 2
o oi 05 c
CO oj o« cr
o
o
o
CO
OS -91 OO -M I- i- .-
OS OS OS O ^ OS o
OS OS OS O O OS o
OS OJ OS CO CO OS CO
o
o
ta
H
|Zi
o
J.
1
' 1
a
c
>
■> 5
<
I.
a
£
' 1
1
c
c
g
C
to
3
o
as
>
u
o
m
«
u
ec
>
h
O
Sl-H
"a
O
a
is
1899.]
SECRET .VRY'S REPORT.
11
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[1899.
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KEORET.VIiY'S RKI'OKT.
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114
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
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116
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
CO
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1899.]
SECKETAKY's KKPnliT.
117
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118
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
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130
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
1
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1899.]
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
121
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122
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
WIND.
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secretary's report.
123
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BIKTHS, DEATHS, AND MAEEIAGES. 1899.
The value of reliable reports in their various bearing-s, relating
to the records of births, marriages, and deaths, and the items of
fact connected therewith, showing the vital movements of the
population from year to year, has been so frequently presented in
the previous reports of this Board as to need no repetition at this
time. It is gratifying, however, to be able to state that, with no
exception, persons eminent in social and political science every-
where recognize the indispensable information such reports fur-
nish, and that in every civilized country they occupy places of im-
portance in the government reports scarcely second to any other
department.
The forty-sixth report on the registry of vital movements in
Rhode Island was completed and issued by the end of the year,
and will be found appended to this report.
The work of collecting the data for the forty-seventh report, the
enumerating, classifying, arranging, and collecting in tables for
the purpose of presenting the various facts in such detail as to
facilitate examination and study has been in progress during the
time of making up this report, and affords some facts which may
be presented at this time.
Below will be found some of the general results of the registry
of births, marriages, and deaths during 1899.
BIRTHS.
SEX.
Males 5,591
Females 5,240
PARENT NATIVITY.
Native* 4,3S1
Foreign 6,510
Whole number of births 10,831
* Including all whose fathers were born in the United States, whether the fathers were of
foreign parentage or native.
1899.] secretary's rkport. 125
marriages.
Native born Groom and Bride l.e^S
Foreign born Groom and Bride 972
Native Groom and Foreign Bride 411
Foreign Groom and Native Bride 8M
Whole number of marriages 3,433
Native Grooms 2,069 | Foreign Grooms 1,3&4
DEATHS.
SEX.
Males 3,725
Females 3,733
NATIVITT.
Native 5,247
Foreign 2,211
Whole number of deaths 7,458
There was one birth to every 39.0 of the population, or 25.6 births in every 1,000
One person married in every 61.5 of the population, or 16.2 persons married in every 1,000
And one death in every 56.7 of the population, or 17.6 deaths in every 1,000
Population for 1899 422,620
126
STATE BOAED OF HEALTH.
[1899.
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1899.]
SECRETARY'S REPORT.
127
The following' table will present the miml)er, paroiitjipfe, and
proportion to total mortality of deaths from several of the most
prominent causes of death, in their order of precedence.
Whole No.
of deaths.
Consumption 972
Pneumonia 686
Heart Diseases 648
Kidney Diseases 477
Cholera Infantum 473
Apoplexy and Paralysis 457
Cancers 292
Accidents 276
Brain Diseases 267
Bronchitis 241
Old Age 228
Influenza 219
Enteritis 212
Typhoid Fever 90
All causes 7,458
Percentage
Excess of
of deaths
Pareni
tage.
Foreign
from all Causes.
Native.
Foreign.
over Native.
13.03
316
656
340
9.20
317
369
52
8.60
334
314
-20
6 39
215
262
47
6.84
127
346
219
6.13
280
227
-8
3.91
135
157
22
3.70
109
167
58
5.58
117
150
38
3.23
73
168
95
3.07
148
80
-68
2.94
104
115
11
2.84
76
130
eo
1.21
41
49
8
3,725
LONGEVITY or DECEDENTS.
Average age in years of Male decedents.
Female "
Total
1899.
34.04
37.30
35.67
1898.
34.34
36.34
35.31
1897.
33.71
37.06
35.37
1896.
30.86
34.47
32.61
1895. 1894
31.70 32.47
36.49 34.40
34.08 33.44
There has been a gradual increase during- the last thirtj^-nine
years in the average length of life of decedents, taking periods of
five years each, running from about twenty-nine and thirty-two
one-hundredths years, at the beginning-, to thirty-four and sixty
one-hundredths years at the ending, in 1899.
PERCENTAOE OF MOllTAl.lTV BY CLASSES.
1899. 1898. 1807.
Zymotic diseases 82.41 29..53 82.-.M
Constitutional diseases 4.57 4.56 4.27
Local diseases 39.73 41.05 39.63
Developmental diseases 18.24 18.18 18.78
Violence, etc 5.05 5.78 5.08
1S06.
1895.
1891.
32.34
34 02
2-,'. 02
3.80
3 98
16 05
38.25
37.34
46.18
20.13
19.18
10.92
5.48
5.48
4.82
128 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
The large increase of percentage in the class of local diseases
previous to 1894 was due to the increase in number of deaths from
pneumonia, the greatest number of deaths being due to this cause
in 1893, there being 121 more than in 1892 and 208 more than in
1891. There were 111 less deaths from i3neumonia in 1894 than
in 1893, 20 more deaths from same cause in 1895 than in 1894, in
1896 16 less deaths than in 1895, 34 less deaths in 1897 than in
1896, 93 less deaths in 1898 than 1897, and 142 more deaths in 1899
than in 1898.
RATIOS OF MORTALITY.
As compared with the year 1898 there was little change in 1899
in the proportional mortality of several of the most important
diseases occuring in larger or small numbers every year.
Apoplexy and Paralysis. — The deaths from these diseases were
nearly the same in each of the years 1891 (335) and 1892 (338).
In 1893 these had increased to 407 ; in 1894, to 415 ; in 1895, to 417 ;
in 1896 there were 419 deaths from apoplexy and paralysis ; in
1897, 469 ; in 1898, 416 ; and in 1899, 457.
Bronchitis. — The deaths from bronchitis were but 5 more than
in the previous year. There has been a steady increase in the pro-
portionate mortality from bronchitis during the last twenty years,
which must be attributed to something more than increased skill
in differential diagnoses.
Cancer. — The deaths from cancer were 292 in 1899 ; 279 in 1898 ;
254 in 1897 ; 226 in 1896 ; and 234 in 1895. Cancer has increased
considerably in its proportion of mortality to whole number of
causes of death, during the last twenty-five years, and is probably
due to increased- facilities in diagnosis.
Cholera Infantum. — There Avere 473 deaths from cholera in-
fantum in 1899 ; 468 deaths in 1898 ; 425 deaths in 1897 ; 545 deaths
in 1896 ; and 500 deaths in 1895. The proportion to whole num-
ber of deaths was 6.34 per cent. For the last 33 years it has been
about 6.4 per cent.
1899.] secretary's kki'okt. \2U
Consumption. — There were 823 deaths from cousuiuption, or
pulmouary tuberculosis, in 18;)'.). This does not include 40 from
g-eneral tuberculosis. Added to this there were 71 deaths from
tubercular menin^-itis, 12 from tubercular enteritis, 5 from tuber-
cular larj'ngitis, 11 from tubercular peritonitis, 8 from tabes mes-
enterica, and 2 from tubercular adenitis.
A decided contrast will be seen in the proportion of the different
diseases, by observation of the diagram shown on pag-e 131. Here,
considering the condition for 34 j^ears, it Avill be seen that con-
sumption has exceeded pneumonia nearly one hundred per cent,
as a cause.
DiARRHaii AND DYSENTERY. — The mortality from these diseases
was 13 more in number than in the previous year, or 111 in 1899,
and 98 in 1898.
Diphtheria. — This disease had a mortality of 86 in 1899, which
was 7 less than in 1898 ; 68 of these were in Providence county,
40 being in Providence citj\ The percentage to tlie whole num-
ber of deaths was 1.15. In 1898 it was 1.35.
Fevers, Malarlu..— These had a mortality of 30 in 1899, and 31
in 1898.
Fever, Typhoid. — There were 90 deaths from typhoid fever in
1899, and 76 in 1898. Typhoid fever, as a disease and as a cause
of death, has gradually lessened in both proportions, as compared
with other important diseases, during the last 15 j'^ears.
Heart, Diseases of. — The deaths from diseases of the heart
numbered 648, against 549 in 1898. Diseases of this organ have
been gradually increasing during the last thirty-three yeai's. See
Table LXXYIII, page 231, Keg. Kep.
Influenza. — The number of deaths reported as from this disease
in 1899 was 219, an increase of 114 over that in 189S. During the
year 1892 there were 336 deaths from this cause.
17
130 STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH. [1899.
Kidneys, Diseases of. — The number of deaths from diseases of
the kidneys in 1899 was 477 ; the number in 1898 was 471. Dis-
eases of these organs have been gradually assuming large impor-
tance as causes of death during the last thirty-four years. The
ratio of mortality for five years, 1885-89, was nearly five times as
large as the ratio for the years 1890-95. See Table LXXXI, page
241, Eeg. Kep.
Pneumonia. — The number of deaths caused by pneumonia in
1899 was 686, as against 542 in 1898. Pneumonia has gradually
increased in importance as a cause of death for the last fifteen
years. See Keg. Eep., Table LXXXVI, page 251.
ScAKLET Fever.— The number of deaths in 1899 was 29, 8 more
than in 1898. The proportion was 0.4 per cent, of the whole num-
ber of deaths. Scarlet fever has largely decreased in epidemic
prevalence and proportion of mortality during the last fifteen
years, as compared with previous periods of fifteen years each.
Small-Pox. — There were no deaths from small-pox in 1899,
there were two in 1894, none in 1893, and four in 1892. The dimi-
nution of cases, and the decrease of mortality as a consequence,
has been quite remarkable during the last fifteen years. The effi-
cacy of vaccination has had remarkable endorsement.
1899.]
secretary's; rkport.
131
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132
STATE BOARD OF SEALTH.
DIPHTHERIA FOR 1899.
[1899.
Cities
AND Towns.
cS
a
03
i-=
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
o
a
0
0
0
1
0
'u
p.
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
a
a
0
0
0
0
1
a
1-5
0
0
1
0
0
a
be
a
<
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
i
o
o
O
0
0
0
0
0
a
o
IS
0
0
0
0
u
<v
.Q
a
o
<0
0
0
0
73
o
Barrington
0
Bristol
1
^Varren
3
Coventry
1
East Greenwich. .
* West Greenwich
2
Warwick
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
""b"
0
5
1
0
0
"6"
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0
1
Jamestown
0
Little Compton...
Middletown
Newport '.
0
0
8
New Shoreham...
0
Portsmouth
Tiverton
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
]9.
Burrillville
0
Central Falls
Cranston
13
9
Cumberland
0
0
0
0
0
East Providence .
Foster
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
14
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
0
0
0
2
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
15
0
0
1
0
8
0
3
31
0
Glocester
0
Johnston
9
Lincoln
0
8
0
North Providence
North Smithfield
1
0
6
0
0
1
0
0
Pawtucket
2
15
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
11
22
Providence
15
0
0
3
■'"6"
0
3
140
Scituate
0
0
6
0
Smithfield
0
2
0
1
1
6
1
10
1
10
3
6
5
Woonsocket
Charlestown
51
*Exeter
Hopkinton
Narra°'ansett
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
"o"
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
North Kingstown
Richmond
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
51
31
70
125
164
58
6
0
South Kingstown
Westerly
0
0
18
54
103
117
62
35
0
0
23
46
47
76
33
17
0
0
22
31
67
74
31
31
0
0
11
30
59
108
26
23
0
0
19
28
61
70
50
41
0
0
35
19
48
49
35
32
0
0
16
13
38
53
55
7
0
0
14
6
59
45
53
10
0
0
28
13
77
69
100
23
0
85
34
147
121
137
33
0
6
41
39
117
114
227
32
0
7
Total
298
" 1898
343
'• 1897
893
" 1896
1031
" 1895
973
" 1894
341
*Has no health officer.
1899.]
SECRKTAItY S RHI'OUT.
SCARLET FEVER FOR 1899.
133
Cities
AND Towns.
>>
>.
St
9
P
03
>>
u
03
a
.s
1
0
0
0
1
J3
0
2
0
1
5
1
<
0
0
0
0
1
03
0
0
0
2
a!
c
0
0
1
0
0
>.
0
2
0
0
2
00
S
u,
s
<
0
0
0
0
0
B
a>
O.
n
w
0
3
5
1
0
O
0
2
2
2
0
B
o
0
1
.S
s
V
a>
Q
0
4
Barrington
Bristol
0
1
8
1
0
1
15
Warren
16
Coventry
2
1
2
9
East Greenwich..
*W'^est Greenwicli
18
Warwick
0
1
0
1
0
...„.
0
0
4
4
3
0
1
0
5
"o"
3
0
5
3
3
2
0
0
0
3
0
5
1
2
1
1
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
1
9
2
0
0
0
6
1
■"6"
0
3
1
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
3
2
0
4
0
0
0
...„
0
1
4
2
6
...„.
0
1
0
0
1
0
5
5
5
97
Jamestown
1
Little Compton...
Middletown
Newport
5
1
96
0
Portsmouth
Tiverton
0
0
1
8
0
3
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
4
0
1
3
4
5
9,1
Burrillville
Central Falls
4
20
87
Cumberland
0
0
0
5
19
Foster
3
0
0
0
U
1
0
0
4
13
1
0
2
()
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
U
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
38
0
0
0
2
0
2
3
32
1
0
1
0
0
12
6
38
1
0
0
0
0
3
6
64
6
Glocester
0
3
Lincoln . .. .1
"6"'
6
NorthProvidence
North Smithfield
0
U
3
0
u
0
0
0
18
Pawtucket . ...
1
21
0
0
2
16
0
0
2
2
11
28
Providence
23
0
U
■4
...„.
0
2
268
Scituate .
I
4
4
Smithtield
0
0
0
J!
0
7
0
5
0
8
0
9
0
Woonsocket
Charlestown
43
*E\eter
Hopkinton
0
0
0
0
0
0
U
0
0
"o"
0
0
0
0
U
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Narragansett
0
North Kingstown
Richmond
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
115
45
65
87
91
122
0
u
South Kingstown
Westerly
0
1
33
66
80
78
168
133
0
0
46
57
47
97
132
95
0
0
48
47
47
61
118
91
0
0
20
40
51
72
123
70
1
0
43
58
34
48
69
71
0
0
30
48
57
30
78
53
0
0
25
15
41
29
56
33
0
0
23
25
35
28
47
33
0
0
65
26
42
33
55
58
0
0
68
79
1 1
46
63
77
1
0
91
66
53
92
87
103
2
4
Total
607
" 1898
579
" 1897
6-^9
" 1896
701
" 1895
1087
" 1894
989
♦ Has no health ofiBcer.
134
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
TYPHOID FEVER FOR 1899.
Cities
AND Towns.
oi
§
0
1
0
0
0
;-<
C8
^^
X2
0
2
0
0
0
O
i..
CO
0
0
0
0
0
p.
<
0
0
0
0
0
d
0
0
0
0
s
3
•-=
0
0
0
0
1
1-5
0
1
0
0
1
4J
3
Sao
0
5
0
1
2
a
P.
tw
0
22
2
1
8
■ s
O
o
0
4
0
0
1
S3
a
o
0
1
0
0
0)
X>
i
o
o
0
0
0
o
Eh
Barrington
Bristol
0
36
Warren
2
Coventry
2
East Greenwich..
13
Warwick
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
....
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
1
""6"
0
1
0
0
0
0
6
1
0
0
0
8
1
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
14
0
0
0
0
2
0
...„.
0
0
0
0
0
'"6"
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
Jamestown
Little Compton..
Middletown
Newport
0
0
0
50
0
Portsmouth
Tiverton
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
Burrillville
0
Central Falls
4
16
0
0
0
0
0
Foster
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
"o
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
'"6"
12
0
1
0
0
0
0
2
15
0
1
0
0
0
)
9
28
0
0
2
1
0
0
2
18
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
17
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
24
1
Glocester
8
9.
1
North Providence
North Smithfleld
Pawtucket
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'"o"
4
0
0
0
1
15
Providence
3
0
0
0
""o
1
1
180
Scituate
0
0
0
0
Smithfleld
0
2
0
0
0
4
U
3
0
2
0
1
1
Woonsocket
Charlestown
14
*Exeter
Hopkinton
Narra°"ansett
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
North Kingstown
Richmond
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
88
28
35
26
90
31
2
0
South Kingstown
Westerly
0
3
7
20
18
33
104
61
0
0
8
20
9
17
35
27
0
0
13
33
6
21
15
54
0
1
5
18
8
14
18
23
0
1
10
10
12
9
8
25
0
0
10
6
9
13
13
14
0
1
24
8
5
19
30
13
0
4
40
16
21
46
25
54
0
5
89
28
33
65
34
59
0
2
50
39
39
31
46
76
2
5
32
25
35
31
53
55
2
23
Total
" 1898
326
251
" 1897
9,80
" 1896
85^5
" 1895
471
" 1894
492
* Has no health officer.
TUBERCl JA)SIS.
]^a:aiiu)Hiii()nt< (if Sj^i/ti///t /'or Tahercalo^h from. Jamutrij /, ]S!)'i,
to January 1, WOO.
Clinical Diagnosis.
Bronchitis
Bronchitis, chronic
Tuberculosis, pulmonary
Tuberculosis, general
Tubercular laryngitis
Pleurisy
Pneumonia
Influenza
Asthma
Empyema
Post nasal catarrh
Pharyngeal catarrh
Trachitis
Acute rheumatism, with symptoms of T. B.
No diagnosis, susp. tuberculosis
Total.
74
35
309
1
11
5
10
4
2
4
2
1
1
1
25
485
a; — ' a^
s =3 ^ I = SJ
10
12
149
58
23
100
1
5
2
9
3
2
4
2
1
1
1
19
194
291
21
12
101
1
2
3
1
2
1
153
TUBERCULOSIS.
Number of examinations of sputum 485
Number in wliicli tul)ercle bacilli were found 194
Numbrr in wliich tulx-rcli' bacilli were not found 'J'.il
136 STATE BOARD OF HEALTPI. [1899.
During tlie year tliere were 485 specimens of sputum submitted
for examination, witli the supposition on the part of the attending-
physician that tuberculosis might be a factor in the causation of
the symptoms of the patient.
Of these, in 309 the clinical symptoms present were sufficiently
distinctive to lead the physicians to believe that tuberculosis of
the lungs was present. In 194 of these cases the examination of
the specimen of sputum showed the presence, in greater or lesser
quantity of tubercle bacilli. This would make 40 per cent, of
cases where the clinical diagnosis coincided with the bacterial
findings, while in 160 cases, or in 60 per cent., the bacilli of this
disease were not found. While this negative result is of value, yet
it does not carry the weight of a distinct negative, as to the actual
presence of the disease, for it is possible to obtain from the patient
a specimen of sputum which is composed of only the saliva and
secretions from the larynx, and containing none from the air pas-
sages in the lungs. The organisms may also be present at times,
in the lung, either lying dormant or encapsulated, and will not
be discharged into the air passages, and become a part of the
sputum, until a degenerative process is set up which breaks down
the tissues about the organisms and sets them free.
In the eleven cases of tubercular laryngitis six were positive.
The application of this method of diagnosis is especially valuable
in this form of the disease, inasmuch as the appearance of the
larynx may indicate the presence of ulcerative processes, and the
formation of tubercles from other causes.
It is of especial value in these cases, for the organism may not
as yet have invaded the lung, but if the cases are neglected, they
may readily be carried to the lung or intestine, and there propa-
gate the disease.
It is of interest to note that, of 109 cases of chronic and acute
bronchitis, in 28 cases the diagnosis was erroneous, and the pres-
ence of tuberculosis was established in the bronchi, if not, also, in
the lungs. The constitution of the patient, however, being suffi-
ciently strong, as yet, to prevent the invasion of the organisms
1899.] secretary's report. 137
into larjji-e areas, tlie symptoms present werr not sufficiently dis-
tinct, or alarmino-, to warn the physician of the dang-erous element
which was present. In 33 instances, wliere the diag-uosis of bron-
chitis was made, there had l)eeu other cases of the disease in the
family.
18
RECORDS OF ALL CASES OF CONSUMPTION IN THE STATE.
As a part of the investigation of the subject of tuberculosis in
man, a card cataloiiue record of all deaths from pulmonary tuber-
culosis has been arranged. At present this data is available from
the commencement of the year 1890, and is completed to date.
This division of the work afibrds much interesting material for
study. The numlier of deaths for the different years was as follows :
Deaths in 1890 852
" 1891 740
" 1892 759
" 1893 722
" 1894 705
" 1895 839
" 1890 846
" 1897 777
" 1898 88f;
" 1899 972
Total .■ 8,098
These 8,098 cases are recorded on cards with the following data :
Name, address, age, color, mamed, single, or widow, name before
marriage, and date of death. By collecting the names in this way
it is observed that certain names recur at varying periods of time,
and by looking up the individual case further it will be found that
this death has occurred in a family where previous deaths from
consumption have taken place, the address in many cases being
the same.
1899.] secketart's report. 139
In addition to the card catalog-ue of the names of the decedents,
a separate card catalog-ue of the pre?mses where the death occurred
has been kept, and thus it is possible to ascertain when any par-
ticular house may have, by chance, been infected with this disease.
It is further possible to ascertain if more than one case has oc-
curred in any one house.
OUTBREAK OF TYPHOID FEVER IN WOONSOCKET.
During the latter part of May, information was received from
the superintendent of the Woonsocket Water Works, Mr. Byron
I. Cook, that there was a report circulating* that an unusual num-
ber of cases of typhoid fever were present in that city, and, for the
purpose of ascertaining if the cases present could be connected
in any way with the city water supply, requested the secretary to
visit the city and investigate the local conditions.
For the purpose of ascertaining- how many cases existed, and
what knowledge of the condition might be obtained at once, a
communication was directed to the health officer of the city. Dr.
A. M. Paine, asking- for the number of cases present, and the
association of water and milk supply to these cases.
In answer to this inquiry the following statement was received :
Woonsocket, R. I., June 13, 1899.
Gardner T. Smarts, M. D., Secretary of the State Board of Health :
Deae Doctor. — In reply to yours of the 12th instant, I have to state that
I have received no official report of any cases of typhoid fever in this city
during the past two months or more, and as all the physicians in Woon-
socket thoroughly understand that they are expected to report such con-
tagious or infectious diseases as may come to their knowledge from time
to time, to the health department, according to the city ordinances, and
personal instructions as by inclosed card, which cards are always in their
hands, I conclude that if there is typhoid fever here they are uncertain in
their diagnosis and therefore have not reported.
I have heard incidentally of one or two families where there are cases
of supposed typhoid fever, but have been able to trace them to no definite
conditions as source.
1899.] SJ:CKEtAUY's REPOUT, Ul
r sliivll look alter the luatlcr at oiicc. ami cdiircr with yon if tlierc are
any new devek)pnients.
^'(Kirs truly.
A. M. PAIXR.
Ilrallli OlUcer.
NOTICE OF CONTAGIOUS DISEASES.
Maine of Patient
Age of Patient
Residence
Disease
Physician.
Date
WOONSOCKET CITY ORDINANCES, CHAP. 50, SECS. 1 And 2.
Every physician liaving knowledge of tlie existence of any contagious disease within the
city of Woonsocket shall immediately make a report thereof in writing to the Health Officer
of said city, on blanks furnished for tlie purpose.
The diseases referred to in the preceding section shall include, among others, small-pox.
diphtheria, typhoid fever, typhus fever, scarlet fever or scarlatina.
As is customaiy under these conditions, when the i)hysicians
have for any reason become lax with their reports of contagions
diseases, and for the purposes of immediate and correct informa-
ticm as to the amount of typhoid fever present, the followini^-
circular letter was sent to every physician in Woonsocket and
adjacent villages :
Dkar Doctor. — "Will you kindly report to me any eases of typhoid
fever wliieli you may have attended duriiin- tiie past live weeks, and oblige.
Replies were promptly received tVcnn oiglit physicians. From
the fact that no response was received from otlier physicians to
whom the letter was sent, it is assumed that they had had no cases.
From the physicians reporting it was ascertained that four had
had no cases, one had had two suspicious cases but which had not
developed suthciently distinct symptoms to consider them as ca.ses
of typhoid fever. Blood from tliese two cases, submitted by
142 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
the attending- physician to the department for examination,
showed no reaction to the Widal test. One other case in another
family, reported by this physician as typhoid fever, was taken sick
on May 12th. The Widal test of blood from this patient was
made on June 14th, and showed a positive reaction. Another case
also examined at the same time showed the Widal reaction. Two
other physicians each reported two cases in one family. One
physician reported six cases, three being- in one family and the
other three in separate families.
It will be seen from these reports that there were twelve cases
of typhoid fever which had been present, attended by three differ-
ent physicians, and that none of these cases were reported to the
health officer of the city. One of these physicians inquired if it
was a requirement that these cases should be reported, and ex-
pressed his desire and intention of reporting all future cases.
An inspection of the premises where the actual as well as the
supposed cases occurred, disclosed the fact that the residences of
the patients were not confined to any one locality ; the water supply
varied, some having the city supply and others using- wells upon
the premises.
A bacteriological analysis of the well water. of one of the cases
showed the water to be of fair quality for a surface well. It was
so situated as to preclude any chance pollution from drains, cess-
pools, or vaults.
The milk supply was from various sources.
As a result of the examination of the five premises where the
twelve cases had occurred, no determination could be made as to
where the patients had contracted the disease.
The conditions, however, which existed between the physicians
and the health officer were to be deplored, since it placed the city
in an unfortunate position in case an epidemic should be pending
or under way, and much valuable time might be lost in searching
out a common cause, in case one existed, owing to the failure of
the physicians to report the cases as soon as reported.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE WATER SIPFEY OF THE EAST
PKOVIDENTE WATER COMPANY.
DuriDo- the year 1898 the board inspected the water shed of the
Teu Mile river, being- the stream from which the East Providence
Water Company obtained its supply of water. This supply was
furnished to a larg-e number of consumers in the town of East
Providence.
The attention of the water company was called to the fact that
the stream was being- polluted by the wastes of numerous factories,
and received house and surface sewag-e from many towns in Massa-
chusetts and from some localities in the State of Rhode Island.
It was estimated by the Massachusetts Board of Health that the
contaminations included the wastes from 4,500 persons.
A request was lodged with the board of health of Massachusetts
asking- for relief from these conditions, but it was found that that
boai'd could give no assistance.
The attention of the East Providence Water Company Avas called
to this condition of affairs, and the need and urgency of that com-
pany in taking some steps to purify the supply or to abandon the
same was shown.
The water company at once agreed to take immediate steps for
the improvement of the supply' so far as it might be able to do so ;
and upon recommendation of the secretary of the board of the
system, known as the mechanical or American method of filtration,
the company placed a contract for a mechanical filter with the
New York Filter Company, the operation of which should he
satisfactory to the board of health.
A plant was placed in a filter building- near the pumping station.
144 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
with all the necessary piping, valves, and tanks necessary for the
perfect operation of a mechanical filter plant.
Before acceptance of the plant, and to satisfy the board of health
and for its own satisfaction, the company at its own expense insti-
tuted a series of experiments or tests of this plant.
The plant proving satisfactory in every way, it was accepted
and continued in commission, and has continued to furnish to the
consumers a clear, white water, freed from the taste of the raw or
unfiltered water, and freed from bacteria to the extent of 98 to 99
per cent, on the average.
A paper, read by the secretary before a meeting of the
American Public Health Association, giving the figures and de-
tails of the experiment, will be found in the appendix.
ADDITION TO THE LAWS GOVERNING THE REGISTRATION
OF BIRTHS, DEATHS, AND MARRIAGES.
As mio-ht he expected by those familiar with the conditions
g-overning- the record of vital statistics, it not infrequently happens
that important data in reference to an incomplete record of a
death or of a marriage or birth is brought to the notice of the
.city or town registrar. Facts in reference to parentage or other
relationship may have been omitted in an original return. Old
papers may be discovered or information received establishing
the identity of a person unknown so far as the facts on the record
show. Man}^ deaths are recorded on tombstones of ancient date,
but no record is to be found in the town clerk's office. The tomb-
stone may go to decay, but the records, if properly preserved, will
always be available. Births are quite frequently unreported. No
physician or even midwife is in attendance at the confinement. The
parents are not familiar with tlie requirements and advantages of
the law in this connection, and make no report. The records to be
found in the parish church, where the record of the christening of
infants is to be found, is often replete Avith the names of children
born in the State, but no record of the birth is found in the town
records.
That these cases might not be lost, and as no provision had
been made to preserve them, the following act was passed at the
January session of the legislature :
19
146 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS.
January Session, A. D. 1899.
AN" ACT IN Addition to CHArTER 100 of the General Laws,
Entitled "Of the Registration of Births, Deaths, and
Marriages."
It is enacted hy the General Assembly as folloivs:
Section 1. Chapter 100 of the General Laws, entitled "Of the regis-
tration of births, death, and marriages," is hereby amended by adding
thereto a section to read as follows :
"Sec. 25. If it shall come to the knowledge of a town clerk, or any per-
son appointed under the provisions of section 1 hereof, that any birth,
marriage, or death which has occurred in his town or city has not been
returned to him as required by this chapter, or has not been recorded,
such town clerk or person shall record the facts called for by section 3
hereof to the extent he shall receive in any way any credible information
of the same. If any error shall be made in the return of any birth, mar-
riage, or death, or shall be discovered in the records of births, marriages,
or deaths, such error shall be corrected without erasure. In each case
the source of the information from which the addition or correction is
made, and the date of making the same, shall be noted on the face of the
record, and such town clerk or person shall attest the same by his signa-
ture thereon. Such town clerk or person shall annually, on or before the
first Monday in March, make duly certified returns to the secretary of the
state board of health of all such additions and corrections made during
the year ending on the thirty-first day of December next preceding. Such
town clerk or person shall receive, for each such additional record and re-
turn of a death, marriage, or birth made by him, the same fees specified in
sections 12 and 19 hereof for recording and returning deaths, marriages,
and births respectively."
Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from and after its passage.
WORKING OF THE MEDICAL PRACTICE ACT.
LEGISLATION.
A l)ill was introduced at the January session of the legislature
amending the medical practice act, and providing for the issuance
of a certificate only upon the examination of the applicant ; a di-
ploma from a recognized medical school not being sufficient to
prove the qualifications of the applicant.
The amendment also provided for the omission of freedom to
practice midwifery to midwives, thej^ being under the present law
permitted to practice, being excluded from the requirements of
holding a certificate under the present law. Provision was also
made wherebj^ it would be possible to refuse to grant a certificate,
or whereby a certificate already granted might be revoked, upon
presentation of evidence that the applicant or practitioner had
been found guilty of crime ; also a more distinctive explanation
as to what constitutes the practice of medicine, the latter provis-
ion being introduced for the purpose of correcting the Aveakness
of the present law as interpreted by the supreme court on the
appeal of three cases of the State Board of Health against three
Christian Scientists, so-called.
In the decision it was ruled that the practice of medicine nec-
essarily embraced the use of drugs in the common acceptance of
the term as a remedial agency, and that prayer and suggestion did
not constitute the practice of medicine.
The bill was referred to the Committee on Judiciary, and a [tre-
liminary liearing was accorded the petitioners to explain the
purpose of the amendment, and upon application from attorneys
148 STATE BOAKB OP HEALTH. [1899.
representing the Christian Science church, and others, a public
hearing- was given.
The hearing was attended by over two hundred persons, mostly
ladies representing the sect of scientists, and some so-called meta-
physicians and mind curers. They were represented in their
argument against the amendment by four attorneys and by a
leader of the church.
The committee was impressed by the arguments presented,
which were directed to questioning the constitutionality of such
a law and the question of individual or personal liberty, and the
bill failed to pass even with modifications which were satisfactory
to the opponents of the amendment.
RULING.
August, 1899,' the following ruling was passed by the board in
respect to the requirements of schools to be in good standing
before the board for the issuance of a certificate to practice medi-
cine upon the presentation of a diploma only, without examination :
"On and after January first, 1900, the diploma of any medical
college where a course of instruction does not extend over a period
of at least eight months in each and every year of its four-year
course will not be accepted, and such a college shall be rated as
not in good standing, and a supplementary examination will be
required of applicants presenting such a diploma."
CONTINUANCE OF APPEAL.
In the year 1896, Julius A. Pirlot made application to the board
for a certificate, presenting as his qualifications a duplicate of a
diploma purporting to be issued by the Faculty de M^decine de
Paris.
The board, not being satisfied with the credentials shown, had
referred the applicant for examination. He refused to undertake
the examination, but established a drug store in the city of Provi-
dence, declaring to the secretary that he thought he could prac-
1899.] SECIiKTAKY'.S KKI-olcT. Hd
tico witliout compliance with the requirements f)f tlio board, wliere
he ottered to the jiublic free Cf)nsnltation and sohl to Huch perHons
as sought his advice dru^s which lie componiided in his store,
which drui^s always cost the purchaser at least two dollars. The
l)()ard secured evidence of this procedure and placed it before the
court, and he was found jSfiiilty at a trial by jury in the court of
common pleas.
An exception was placed against this decision, on the ground
that the judge in charging the jury stated that it did not matter
whether the defendant received a fee or not, meaning that the
reception of a bonus for the drugs supplied with the advice really
constituted the fee. On this exception, however, the appellate
di-vasion saw fit to reverse the decision and quashed the trial.
A second suit was at once instituted on the same evidence and
brought to the higher court. The jury disagreed, and the case
was left for the time being ; and pending the action taken by the
defendant in making an appeal against the refusal of the board to
grant a certiticate, it was considered advisable by the attorney-
general, who prosecuted the case, to remove from the evidence
before the jury any influence which might arise as to any genuine
value of the diplomas presented by the defendant.
After manj' delaj'S, owing to illness on the part of the appellant,
a hearing was brought to issue before the appellate division.
The appellant presented the alleged copy of a diploma from the
Faculty de M^decine de Paris, and claimed a right to a certificate
upon that ground. The board submitted evidence showing that
he had been guilty of unprofessional conduct in the State of
Massachusetts, where he had imposed upon a citizen to the extent
of an endeavor to take away the man's real estate and home in
payment for alleged professional services, shown to be unnecessaiy
and extortionate, and whereon he had brought suit against his
patient.
The evitleuce also presented affidavits from the records of the
Faculty de M^deciue de Paris, stating and showing that Julius A.
Pirlot never attended that school of medicine ; that his name was
150 STATiE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
never entered on its books, and that consequently no diploma was
ever issued to Julius A. Pirlot. ^
The defendant offered a plea that there was some mistake some-
where, and petitioned the court for time to rebut this later evi-
dence. The court granted a period of time for this purpose. The
defendant, however, never re-appeared to establish his claim, and
the decision of the board in its refusal was affirmed. The defend-
ant leaving- the State, the prosecution for practice of medicine
without license was abandoned.
PEOSECUTION.
During the year 1898 the attention of the secretary was called
to four different cases wherein certain persons were alleged to
have established a business for the treatment and cure of disease.
One of these cases was that of a graduate of a medical school, the
standing of which was not rated at the standard required by the
board as in good standing. An examination was required of the
applicant, who failed to appear for examination, and, without ob-
taining a certificate, opened au office in the city of Providence,
and proceeded in the practice of medicine.
Investigation of the case proved the allegations to have founda-
tion, and he was brought before the district court, and upon
evidence presented was found probably guilty and referred to
the grand jury. Before the grand jury, upon evidence presented,
he was found probably guilty, and his case was set down for trial
before the court of common pleas, where, after due trial, he was
found guilty.
The other three cases of the four which came before the board
at this time were practitioners, or operatives, in that form of
practice known to the medical profession as healing by suggestion,
or mind curists.
In one of these cases it was found that the practitioner, or healer,
had made several visits upon a boy suffering with disease of the
knee joint ; that he, the practitioner, had made several visits upon
1899.] secretaky's kki-okt. 151
the imtieiit, who was the son of jieople in poor circnmstanceH ;
tliat he had advised the patient in reference to tlie diseased joint
to tlie effect that he should not l)elieve that there was pain or
disease present, and that the joint wouhl get better, and for this
advice had collected as nnich of his fc^e as the jiarents of the
patient could accumulate and borroAv from friends
The second case was brought to the attention of the board
through a member of the board being called upon to advise in a
case where a gentleman had liecome so interested in the subject
of mind healing that his own mind had become weakened, and he
was committed to the Butler Hospital for the Insane for a certain
period. It was ascertained that the agg-ravation and continuance
of his diseased condition was caused by his taking- readings or
lessons or interpretations of certain works on mind cure, for -which
lesson he paid each time a fee of ten dollars ; but with each visit
to the reader the patient's mind became more unsettled, until he
meditated violence to members of the family.
The third case was brought to the notice of the board by a phj'-
siciau who was called to treat a little girl who was suffering- from
a severe state of nervous depression caused by her being accosted
on the street by a g-entleman.
The child w^as suffering from a diseased hip, which caused lame-
ness. The gentleman who spoke to her, evidently noting- the de-
formity, stopped her and told her that she ought not to suffer
from such a trouble, and that if she would come to his ofHce lie
would cure her of the disease. This Avas the statement broug-ht
home to the parents by the child. In corroboration of her ex-
jierience was the state of nervousness in which she appeared, and
also a business card which the gentleman had presented to her,
and which l)ore the name of a well-known and mucli respected
business man and the legend that he was a metaphysician. The
card also bore the address and office hours.
Through the ag-ents of the board it was ascertained that all
three of these persons were prepared to receive patients who were
suffering from supposed or real disease, and to give theni advice
153 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
for which they accepted a fee for the services rendered. No drugs
were g-iven or ordered. The advice was oral, and the treatment
consisted of prayer in the presence of the patient.
Assuming that the treatment of disease, or the offer or attempt
to treat disease, and, from the instructions given by the various
chairs of therapeutics in the various medical schools, that the use
of suggestion was an important and useful part of the medical
resources of the regular practitioner, an.d was as necessary at times
as the use of drugs, the secretary, agreeably with the provisions of
the statutes or general laws of the State, entered complaint against
these three practitioners, and they were heard before the district
court and found probably guilty and remanded to the grand jury,
which body in turn, upon the evidence presented, also found a true
case against each of the three men.
Pending their assignment for trial before the court of common
pleas, a demurrer was entered before the supreme court upon the
question of constitutionality of the complaint as fully set forth
in the following copy of the record of the decision handed down
by the full bench of the supreme court of the State :
STATE vs. WALTER E. MYLOD.
Providence— July 18, 1898.
Present : Matteson, C. J., Stiness, Tillinghast, Wilbur, Rogers, Douglas
and Bosworth, J. J.
One cannot question the constitutionality of a statute unless liis rights
would be affected by its enforcement. The duty of a court to construe
a statute arises only when its meaning is obscure ; if the legislature has
plainly expressed its meaning, construction is excluded. In the con-
struction of penal statutes, words and phrases must be taken in their
ordinary acceptation and popular meaning, unless a contrary intent ap-
pears.
Words of such statutes are not restricted hi meaning within the narrowest
limits, nor extended beyond their common interpretation ; and the ac-
cused is entitled to the benefit of any reasonable doubt as to whether
the acts done are within the meaning of the statute.
The object of the statute relating to the registration of physicians is to
regulate the practice of medicine and surgery, and thereby secure the
safety and protect the health of the public.
1899.] secretary's rei'Okt, 153
The "practice of medicine" relates to the art of preventing, curing', or
alleviating disease or pain ; popularly, it consists in the discovery of the
cause and nature of disease and the administration of remedies, or pre-
scribing treatment therefor.
Mere words of encouragement, praj'er for divine assistance, or the teach-
ing of "Christian Science," do not constitute the practice of medicine
in either of its branches.
The State Board of Health is not clothed with arbitrary power; it can
only determine whether an applicant for a certificate to practice medi-
cine possesses tlie statutory qualifications to practice in accordance with
the recognized theories of a particular school or system.
The assumption of the title of "doctor" is not prohibited by statute, and
is not unlawful.
Complaint charging the practice of medicine and sui-gery for reward
without registration and license. Certified from a District Court and
heard on the constitutionality of Gen. Laws, K. I., cap. 105.
BoswoRTH, J. The defendant was adjudged probably guilty in the Dis-
trict Court of the Sixth Judicial District of the State of Rhode Island.
Said complaint, which was made under cap. I(i5, Gen. Laws, R. I., alleges
that the defendant, at Providence, on the twenty-sixth day of Xovember
1807, "did then and there practice medicine and surgery for reward and
compensation, Avithout lawful license, ceftificate, and authority, and not
being then and there duly registered according to law."
The defendant, upon arraignment, pleaded guilty, and subsequently,
and before judgment, raised a question of the constitutionalty of said cap.
165, which question, in accordance with the provisions of cap. 250, Gen.
Laws, H. I., was certified and transmitted to the Appellate Division of
the Supreme Court for decision.
Gen. Laws R. I., cap. 165, provides for the registration of physicians
and its object is to regulate the practice of medicine and surgery, f uder
this chapter, authority to practice medicine and surgery is through a cer-
tificate issued by the State Board of Health, and said board, upon applica-
tion, and without discrimination against any particular school or system
of medicine, is required to issue such certificate to any reputable physi-
cian, practicing or desiring to begin the practice of medicine or surgery in
this State, who possesses certain specified qualifications.
Section 2 of said chapter, in part, is as follows :
"Sec. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person to practice medicine or
surgery in any of its branches, within the limits of this state, who has not
exhibited and registered in the city or town clerk's ofiice of the city or
town in which he or she resides, his or her authority for so practicing
20
154 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
medicine as herein provided, together with his or lier age, address, place
of birth, and the school or system to which he or she proposes to belong."
Section 8 of said chapter is as follows :
"Sec. 8. Any person living in this state, or any person coming into
this state, who shall practice medicine or surgery, or attempt to practice
medicine or surgery in any of its branches, or who shall perform or at-
tempt to perform any surgical operation for or upon any person within
the limits of this state, for reward or compensation, in violation of the
provisions of this chapter, shall upon conviction thereof be fined fifty dol-
lars, and upon each and every subsequent conviction shall be fined one
hundred dollars and imprisoned thirty days, or either or both, in the dis-
cretion of the court ; and in no case, where any provision of this chapter
has been violated, shall the person so violating be entitled to receive com-
pensation for services rendered. To open an office for such purpose, or to
.announce to the public in any other way a readiness to practice medicine
or surgery in this state, shall be to engage in the practice of medicine
within the meaning of this chapter."
For the State, Everett Hall testified, substantially, that he called upon
the defendant at his residence and asked to be cured of malaria ; that the
defendant said he was Doctor Mylod ; that the defendant sat looking at
the floor, with his eyes sliaded, as if engaged in silent prayer, for about
ten muiutes, and then looking up said, "I guess you'll feel better ; " that
defendant gave him a book entitled "A Defence of Christian Science ; "
that he gave defendant one dollar ; that defendant did not recommend nor
administer any drug or medicine, nor take his pulse or temperature, nor
do any of the things usually done by physicians.
Clarence Vaughn, in behalf of the State, testified that he called upon
the defendant at his residence on two occasions and requested to be cured
of grippe ; that he gave defendant one dollar each visit ; that the defend-
ant said he was Doctor Mylod ; that defendant gave him a card stating
the defendant's office hours and describing defendant as Christian Scient-
ist, but not in any way referring to defendant as a physician ; that de_
fendant did not take his pulse or temperature, nor do any of the other
things that physicians do in treating disease, but seemed to be sitting in
silent prayer; that defendant gave him a book entitled "An Historical
Sketch of Metaphysical Healing ; " that defendant told him to look, not
on the dark side of things, but on the bright side, and to think of God, and
it would do him good, since thought governs all things.
Dr. Gardiner T. Swarts, secretary of the State Board of Health, testified
that the defendant is not a registered physician ; that said defendant does
1890.] SfiCRETAKY's KKrOliT. l66
not have autliority to practice medicine in Riiode Island, and that pliysi-
cians often cnre disease without the use ol" drugs or medicine.
For the defence, the cliarter of the I'mvidence (Miurcli of Christ, Scient-
ist, was introduced in evidence, and the defendant testified, substantially,
that he is the president and lirst reader or pastor of said church ; that
said cluurli lias been organized and has held regular services for seven
years ; that said church belongs to tlie sect known as Christian Scientists,
in whose belief (Jod and Jesus Christ and the JJible hold a supreme place ;
that the principal distiuguishiug dilference between Christian Scientists
and other sects consists in the belief of the former regarding disease,
which they believe can be reduced to a minimum through the power of
prayer ; that the public religious services of said church consist of silent
prayer, music, reading of the scriptures, and of extracts from "Science
and Ilealtli," by ]\Iary (1. Baker Eddy ; that he, beyond a greater realization
of truth which liis longer study of Christian science may have given him,
professed to have no greater power over illness than that possessed by any
member of his church ; that he did not tell the witnesses Hall and Vaughn
that he could cure them, nor did he call himself a doctor ; that he did not
attempt to cure them by means of any power of his own ; that he assured
them that it is God alone who heals, acting through the human mind ;
that all he did was to engage in silent prayer for them, and to endeavor to
turn their thoughts to God, and toward the attainment of pliysical perfec-
tion ; that the efforts made for them were precisely the same in character
as those which he makes for his congregation at the public services of his
church ; that he does not practice medicuie nor attempt to cure disease ;
that he has no knowledge of medicine or surgery; that, as a Christian
Scientist, he never recommended to anyone a course of physical treat-
ment ; that he has only the method of prayer, and effort to encourage
hopefulness for all who come to him in public or private, and whatever
disease they imagine they have ; and that his ministrations often can be,
and are, rendered as effectively in tiie absence as in the presence of the
beneticiary.
Other witnesses were called, but there was no material variance in the
testimony, except that the witnesses Hall and \'aughn testified that the
defendant said that he was Doctor Mylod, wliicli testimony was contra-
dicted by the defendant.
The constitutional question raised by the defendant is that, under ^^3,
Art. 1, Const. R. I., which secures to him religious freedom, he has a right
to perform the acts shown by the testimony to iiave been performed, and
that, therefore, said cai). 105, (Jen. Laws li. I., under wliicli said complaint
156 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
was made, is unconstitutional if, and in so far as, it provides a penalty for
the performance of said acts.
This question, properly, cannot be considered by the court unless said
cap. 165 is sufficiently broad to include within its prohibitive provisions
the acts of the defendant ; for the defendant cannot question the consti-
tutionality of said chapter unless his rights would be affected by its en-
forcement. State V. Snoiv, 3 R. I. 64.
There is no testimony tending to show that the defendant practiced or
attempted to practice surgery, or that he made any diagnosis or examina-
tion to ascertain whether the witnesses Hall and Vaughn were suffering
from disease, or that he administered or prescribed any drug, medicine, or
remedy, or that he claimed any knowledge of disease or the proper reme-
dies therefor.
Upon the testimony, the only claim that can be made by the State is
that iipon a card handed to one of the witnesses appeared the name and
office hours of the defendant ; that the defendant said he was Doctor
Mylod ; that he offered silent prayer for the witnesses Hall and Vaughn,
who claimed to be suffering from disease ; that he gave said witnesses
each a book in which, presumably, the principles of Christian science were
taught, explained, and defended ; that he told the witness Vaughn, sub-
stantially, to look on the bright side of things and think of God, and it
would do him good ; and that he accepted compensation for his services.
Did these acts of the defendant constitute the practice of medicine, in
violation of cap. 165, Gen. Laws R. I.?
It is the duty of the court to give effect to the intention of the law-
making power as embodied in the statutes. The legislature is presumed
to mean what it has plainly expressed, and when it has so expressed its
meaning, construction is excluded. It is only when the meaning of the
statute is obscure, or the words employed are of doubtful meaning, that,
in order to give effect to the legislative intention, the duty of construction
arises. In the construction of penal statutes, a well-established rule is
that words and phrases must be taken in their ordinary acceptation and
popular meaning, unless a contrary intent appears. While the words of .
such statutes are not to be restricted in meaning within the narrowest
limits, neither are they to be extended beyond their common interpreta-
tion ; and if there is a reasonable doubt as to whetlier the acts done are
within the meaning of the statute, the party accused of its violation is en-
titled to the benefit of that doubt. Endlich on Int. of Statutes §§ 329, 330.
It follows, therefore, that the acts complained of are excluded from the
operation of said cap. 165 unless the words "practice of medicine," taken
1809.] skcretary's rkport. 157
in their ordinary or popular nicaniiiff, include them, or unless it apitcars
from said e]iai)ter that the lej;islative intent was to fjive to said \V(irds a
nicaiiiii^' l)niader and more inehisivc lliau tiic pupular one.
Medicine, in tlie popular sense, is a remedial substance. The practice of
medicine, as ordinarily or popularly understood, has relation to the art of
preventing:, curlns", or alleviating disease or pain. It rests largely in the
sciences of anatomy, physioloo;y, and hys'ioie ; it recjuires a knowledge of
disease, its origin, its anatomical and physiological features, and its causa-
tive relations ; and, further, it requires a knowledge of drugs, their prepa-
ration and action. Popularly it consists in the discovery of the cause and
nature of disease, and the administration of remedies or the prescribing
of treatment therefor.
I'rayer for those suffering from disease, or words of encouragement, or
the teaching that disease will disappear and physical perfection be at-
tained as a result of prayer, or that humanity will be brought into har-
mony with God by right thinking and a fixed determination to look on
the bright side of life, does not constitute the practice of medicine in the
popular sense.
The State, however, contends that said cap. 165, taken as a whole, indi-
cates a legislative intention to give to the w^ords " practice of medicine "
a meaning broader than the popular one. In support of this contention it
calls attention to the provision contained in section 8 of said chapter,
that " To open an office for such purpose," that is, for the practice of med-
icine or surgery, "or to announce to the public in any other way a readi-
ness to practice medicine or surgery in this State, shall be to engage in the
practice of medicine within the meaning of this chapter." In view of this
provision, the State contends that to practice medicine it is not necessary
to use internal or other remedies, nor to make diagnoses, nor to have a
patient, but that the opening of an oHice for the practice of medicine, or
the announcement of a readiness to engage in such jiractice, constitutes a
practice of medicine ; and, therefore, as the statute applies not only to
those who actually practice, but also to those who announce in any way a
readiness to practice, the State contends that the legislature intended to
give a broader than the gcMicraily accepted meaning to the words, "prac-
tice of medicine."
We are unable to agree witli tliis contention, ^^■itllout passing upon the
provision referred to, and whatever its signiru-ance, it certainly cannot be
construed to broaden, in a general sense, tlu^ meaning of the words "prac-
tice of medicine." The most that can be claimed for it is that it oiierates
to broaden the offence created by saiil cap. in."., so that the attempt or the
158 STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH. [1899.
announcemeMt of a readiness to practice medicine becomes equivalent to
the actual practice.
The State further calls attention, in support of its contention, to section
6 of said chapter, which provides that "nothing in this chapter shall be so
construed as to discriminate against any particular school or system of
medicine," and it argues that, as the statutory prohibition relates to the
practice of medicine " in any of its branches," and that as certain dis-
eases, such as insanity and nervous prostration are treated by the so-called
"regular school" without the use of drugs, and that as all schools recog-
nize the study of mental conditions as affecting bodily health as forming
a distinct branch of medicine, the legislative intention to give to the
words "practice of medicine " a construction sufficiently broad to include
the practice of Christian science is clearly manifest.
The words of the provision against discrimination, like the words "prac-
tice of medicine," must be taken in their ordinary sense and meaning.
It is a matter of common knowledge that among medical men there are
defined differences regarding the treatment of diseases. These differences
have resulted in different schools or systems of medicine. A recognition
of the existence of such differences, however, does not broaden the mean-
ing of the words "practice of medicine" to include the practice of that
which, in the popular sense, is not a practice of medicine. Neither does
the statutory reference to the practice of medicine "in any of its
branches" affect the meaning of the words in question. While it is true
that the study and treatment of mental disease constitute one of the' de-
partments or branches of medicine, in which the influence of the mind
over the body is recognized, yet mere words of encouragement, prayer for
divine assistance, or the teaching of Christian science as testified, in the
opinion of the court, does not constitute the practice of medicine in either
of its branches m the statutory or popular sense.
To give to the words "practice of medicine" the construction claimed
for them by the State, in the opinion of the court would lead to unintended
results. The testimony shows that Christian Scientists are a recognized
sect or school. They hold common beliefs, accept the same teachings,
recognize as true the same theories and principles. If the practice of
Christian science is the practice of medicine. Christian science is a school
or system of medicine, and is entitled to recognition by the State Board of
Health to the same extent as other schools or systems of medicine. Un-
der said cap. 165 it cannot be discriminated against, and its members are
entitled to certificates to practice medicine, provided they possess the
statutory qualifications. The statute, in conferring upon the State Board
18'.>0. I SECJIETAKY's KKl'UllT. 15!^»
of Tlciiltli authority to pass upon the (lualilication of ai)plicants for sudi
I'crtilicatt's, docs not confer upon said l)oard arl)ilrary ])i»\ver. 'I'lio board
cannot di'Lcniiiiii' which sciiool or system (tf nu-dicinc, in its theories and
practices, is rigiit ; it can only determine wlietiier the applicant i)ossesses
the statutory (pialilication to practice in accordance witli the recognized
theories of a particular school or system. It would lie altsuid to iiold that
under said cap. Ki."), which provides against discrimination, the re(iuire-
ments necessary to entitle an applicant to a certilicate were such that the
members of a particular school or system could not comply with them,
thus adopting a construction wiiich would operate not as a discrimination
only, but as a prohibition. On the other hand, to hold that a person who
does not know or pretend to know anything about disease, or about the
method of ascertaining the presence or the nature of disease, or about the
nature, preparation, or use of drugs or remedies, and who never adminis-
ters them, may obtain a certificate to practice medicine, is to hold that
the operation of the statute is to defeat the beneficial purposes for which
it was enacted.
The cases cited by the .State do not sustain its contention. In Kehon
V. Harrinfjton, 72 Wis. 591, the plahitiff brought suit agauist the defend-
ant, who w^as a clairvoyant physician, to recover damages for alleged un-
skillful treatment. In testimony, it appeared that the defendant held
himself out as a healer of disease and accepted compensation ; that he
determined the nature of the disease for which he treated the plaintiti, and
the character of the remedies he administered, while in a mesmeric state
or trance condition. The court held that the defendant was bound to
exercise reasonable skill, and that the knowledge of the plaintiff of his
methods was no defence to the action.
In Bibber v. Simpson, 59 Me. 181, which was an action brought to recover
compensation for services, the opinion of the court is as follows: "The
services rendered were medical in their character. True, the plaintift' does
not call herself a physician, but she visits her sick patients, examines their
condition, determines the nature of the disease, and prescribes the reme-
dies deemed by her most appropriate. AVhether the plainlill calls herself
a medical clairvoyant, or a clairvoyant physician, or a clear-seeing physi-
cian, matters little ; assuredly such services as the plaintilf claims to have
rendered purport to be, and are to be deemed, medical, anil are within the
clear and obvious meaning of 11. S. isTl, c i:3, ^^ ;;, which provides that ' no
person except a physician or surgeon, who commenced prior to February
10, 18:31, or has received a medical degree at a public medical institution in
the United States, or a license from the Maine Medical Association, shall
160 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
recover any compensation for medical or surgical services, miless previous
to sucli services he had obtained a certificate of good moral character from
the municipal officers of the town when he then resided.' The plaintiff
has not brought herself within the provisions of this section and cannot
maintain this action."
In Wheeler v. Sawyer, Atl. Rep. 67 (Me. 1888), the plaintiff, a Christian
Scientist, brought suit to recover for services. Cap. 13, § 9, li. S. (Me.)
1888, is the same as cap. 13, § 3, R. S. 1871, except that it does not relate
to physicians and surgeons practicing prior to February 16, 1831. The
plaintiff had received the certificate of good moral character required by
the statute. The court said : "We are not required here to investigate
Christian science. The defendant's intestate chose that treatment. There
is nothing unlawful or immoral in such a contract. Its wisdom or folly is
for the parties, not for the court to determine."
In State v. Buswell, 40 Neb. 158, the defendant was indicted for the un-
lawful practice of medicine. In Nebraska, Laws of 1891, cap. 35, the
practice of medicine, surgery, and obstetrics is prohibited except by per-
sons possessing certain qualifications. Section 17 of said cap. 35, in part,
is as follows : " Sec. 17. Any person shall be regarded as practicing medi-
cine within the meaning of this act who shall operate on, profess to heal,
or prescribe for or otherwise treat any physical or mental ailment of
another." The defendant was a Christian Scientist, and the evidence
against him upon which the State relied was similar in character to that
in the case under consideration. The trial court instructed the jury that,
in order to convict the defendant, they must find that the defendant had
practiced medicine, surgery, or obstetrics, as those terms are usually
and generally understood, and the State excepted.
The Supreme Court, in sustaining the exception, uses the following lan-
guage : " Governed by the instruction, the jury could not do otherwise
than to acquit, for there was no proof to meet its requirements."
Again : "The statute does not merely give anew definition to language
having already a given and fixed meaning. It rather creates a new class
of offences, in clear and unambiguous language, which should be inter-
preted and enforced according to its terms."
Again: "Under the indictment the sole question presented, upon the
evidence, was whether or not the defendant, within the time charged, had
operated on, or professed to heal or prescribe for, or otherwise treated,
any physical or mental ailment of another."
The decision of the Nebraska court, therefore, is that while the practice
of Christian science is not a T)ractice of medicine as those terms usually
ISlC). I SKCRKIAKY S RKl'OKT. I li I
and gfiH'iallv arc uiKlrislood, ycL that, iiikKt tlin sccliun h1»<ivc (iiiotcd,
the practice n\' Christ iaii science, l)einfj: ;i tieiituient for pliysical or mental
aihncnts, is a violalion id' llic law.
Ill Missonri. the statnte recpiires that i)ef()re a person may lawtnlly
practici' medicine or sururcry he must lile a <'oi)y of iiis diploma with the
clerk (d' llic CDiiiity ('(uirl. and it fiirtlin- provi(h^s{H. S. sWi;!0-l) that any
person, not (lualilied, wiio sliall jiractice medicine or sursjery shall not be
IH'rmitted to receive compensation for services rendered, "as any such
l)hysician or surcfeon."
In Ddvidson v. Bolilmaii, o7 Mo. App. 570, the i)laintiff having bronght
suit to recover for services, the question raised was whetlier the services
wtM-f ])('rf()rmed by the ]>laintiff as a physician. Tiic idniiitilT jiad jiracticed
medicine, lawfully, for nearly thirty years, first as an allopathic physician,
and later as an electric ])hysician : he had a diploma from an electric med-
ical ('(dles'e, but bad failed to (lie a copy of it, as- required by law ; the
services for which he claimed comi)ensation consisted of electrical treat-
ment : the bill for services furnished the defendant described the plaintiff
as "Dr. 'r. 1*. Davidson," and the ])laintiff called a medical practitioner to
testify to the value of the services hi question. The Court of Appeals, upon
the testimony, held that the services w^ere performed by the plaintiff as a
physician, and that, not being qualified to practice, he could not recover.
The assum])tion of the title of "doctor," if defendant assumed such
title, was not unlawful. Cap. 165 does not, in terms, prohibit the use of
the word "doctor" by any person, whatever his business or profession
may be. Its use is entirely immaterial, in any case, luiless mider such
conditions or circumstances, or in such coiniection, that it may serve as an
announcement or indication of a readiness to engage in tjie practice of
medicine* or surgery.
The object of the statute in (|uestion is to secure the safety and protect
the health of the public. It is based upon the assun!i)tion that to allow
incompetent ix'rsons to determine the nature of disease, and to jirescribe
remedies therefor, would result in injury and loss of life. To jirotect the
l)ublic, not from theories, but from the acts of incomix'tent i)ersons, the
legislature has prescribed the (|iialilical ions of those who may be entitled
to i)erform tla- important diitii'S of ini'dical jtraclif ioners. The statute is
not for the i)uriiose of compidling persons sufiering from disease to resort
to remedies, but is designed to secui'e to those desiring remedies com-
petent pliysicians to prepare and administer tiiem. See Sniith v. Lane, '24
II un. (01 X. Y.) (-.32.
The opinion of the Courtis that tlie words "practice of medicine" as
•ii
162 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
used in Gen. Laws R. I. cap. 16.5, must be construed to relate to the
practice of medicine as ordinarily and popularly understood, and that the
acts of the defendant do not constitute a violation of said chapter. The
court, therefore, cannot properly pass upon the constitutional question
raised, for the rights of tlie defendant would not be affected by any con-
clusion to which the court might arrive.
STATE vs. DAVID ANTHONY.
Providj:nce— July 18, 1898.
Present : Matteson, C. J., Stiness, Tillinghast, Wilbur, Rogers, Douglas,
and Bosworth, J. J.
The practice of "Christian science" by one who has not complied witli
the provisions of Gen. Laws R. 1. cap. 165, is not an unlawful practice
of medicine ; and hence in a complaint against him tliereunder, he can-
not attack the constitutionality of said chapter.
Complaint charging the unlawful practice of medicine. Certified from
a District Court, and heard on constitutional questions.
Pee. Curiam. The defendant, who is a Christian Scientist, was adjudged
probably guilty, by the District Court of the Sixth .Judicial District, of the
unlawful practice of medicine, in violation of cap. 16.5, Gen. Laws R. I.
The defendant claims that said cap. 165, so far as it relates to the acts
complained of, is in violation of Art. 1, § 3, Const. R. I. The evidence
upon which he was adjudged guilty showed a practice of Christian science,
and, substantially, was like that set forth in the opinion of the court in
State V. Mylod, ante, 262. The testimony fails to show any violation of
said cap. 165. Said chapter does not relate to the acts of the defendant,
and, therefore, he cannot, in this proceeding, attack its constitutionality.
See opinion. Stale v. Mylod.
STATE vs. HENRY S. TAFT.
Providence — July 18, 1898.
Present : Matteson, C. J., Stiness, Tillinghast, Rogers, Douglas, and Bos-
worth, J. J.
Practice of the art of "metaphysical healing," for reward, without regis-
tration and license, is not a violation of Gen. Laws R. I. cap. 165, and
the question of the constitutionality of the act is not open to a defend-
ant in a complaint thereunder when the evidence shows only the prac-
tice of such art.
1899.1 SIX ur.rAitv''s kki-out. Hjy
('oMri.AiNT cliai'^iiiLr tlic uiil.iwriil iJracticc (tf mt'dicinc. Ccrlilicd from
a District ("miit, and licani on cunstitutioiial (lut'stioiis.
I'Ki: Ci iMA.M. Tlir (Irrciidaiit was adj iidi^fd piohaldy .>,Miiity, Ijy tlie Dis-
trict Court of the Sixtli Judicial District, (da violation of fap. Ki.'j, (ieii.
Laws H. I., "of the practice of medicine." The defendant, who is a be-
liever in metaphysical healing, claims that said chapter, so far as it relates
to the acts complained of, is in violation of Art. 1, $ 8, Const. R. I.
Although the testimony differs somewhat in character from that in Stale
V. Mi/lod, ante, ();32, and State v. Anthony, ante, (544, it fails to show that
the defendant, in the statutory sense, was guilty of an unlawful practice
of medicine. This being so, the constitutional question is not before the
court.
See oi)iiiioii. Stale v. ^f!/lod.
APPENDIX.
A EEPOET OF A FOUR MONTHS' TEST OF A MECHANICAL
FILTER PLANT AT EAST PROVIDENCE, R. I.
BY GARDNER T. SWARTS, M. D.,*
Secretaky State Board of Health, Providence, R I.
I desire to report tlie result of a test of a mechanical filtration
plant, located at East Providence, in the State of Rhode Island :
The supply of a portion of this town is taken from the Ten
Mile river, which is a stream of about twelve miles in length. It
rises in the State of Massachusetts, and has on its borders several
towns and a larg-e number of jewelry manufactories, woolen mills,
and dye houses. The wastes from all of these deliver directly
into the river, and the river receiving' the wastes from a popula-
tion of 3,700.
It was impossible for the State of Rhode Island to require a
discontinuance of the pollution of the river, and the State of
Massachusetts apparently had no authority in the matter. A
civil suit, broug-ht by the water company, ag-ainst each polluter,
would be the only means of enjoining- ag-ainst pollution. This
would not only be expensive, but would require years of litigation
before final removal of every source of pollution. It was there-
fore necessary that some immediate action be taken and the sup-
j)ly, with its pumping station and mains, condemned and aban-
doned, or the water purified, as far as practicable, before deliver-
ing the supply to the consumers.
Upon request of the management of the company for advice
from the State Board of Health, the mechanical, or American,
filtration method was recommended. This advice was given in
* Paper read before the Americaa Public Health Association, October 31, and November
1, 2 and 3, 1899, at Minneapolis, Minn.
P Mfg. Co.
X IS and gallon
FilLei- riant.
Water Co.
,JCVA.TION.
C Sedime. in
D Filter Be a
A Supply to rih.en
B Wash to Filter.
E Outlet for Filtered Water.
H Controller for reijulatma^ discharge c
Water, C Butterfly Valve notshownJ =
J Suction Pipe for Wash Pump. —
K Pump for washing' Filter Bed.
M Float Tank to rejulate supply to Filtci
T A^^itatmy Apparatus.
V Chemical Tank
V Aluin Feed Pump.
W AKirri Feed Pipe to Filter
X Propeller for operating Alum Fcev- Pv;i —
V Supply Pipe for Alum Feed Pvn ;
^T
m
m
%y-
New Yoi-k Filter Mfg. Co.
Five Hundi^ed. Thocisana gallon
Jewell Gi-avity Filter- IMarit.
-^ of t.h= —
East Providence Water Co.
1899.] SfeCRbTAKY*S KEPOK'r. l66
preference to the use of tlie natural sand bed filtration on account
of the location of the pumpiug- station ; the necessity of coverino'
the beds in this climate, which would add materially to the
original cost ; for the purpose of removing- completely the coloring*
matter which was found in the supply, and from the satisfactory
and perfect control and celerity of cleansing- to be found in the
mechanical form of filtration.
The ]3lant, w^hile not a larg-e one, yet consists of one initial of
the type known as the " Jewell Gravity Filter," and supplied by
the New York Filter Manufacturing- Company, of New York.
In case a larg-er supply was required, it would be only necessary
to repeat this initial size of filter indefinitely, therefore, the work
of one initial would be the same as a number, although the water
company, at the present time, is supplying- but 200,000 g-allons of
water to its consumers. The daily capacity of the filter is avail-
able to 500,000 gallons at the rate of filtration of 125,000,000
gallon per acre per 24 hours.
The tests covered a period of about 144 days, or four months,
and the operation of the filter was under the charge of the regular
pumping engineer of the water company. The quantities of
sulphate of alumina used were weighed out by him under advice
of Mr. E. B. Weston, C. E., who also planned and superintended
the construction of the whole plant.
The chemical analyses in the test were made by Prof, John
Howard Appleton, of Brown University.
The bacterial analyses, as well as the determination of color and
alkalinity, were made by the writer.
The precipitant, or coagulaut, or chemical used throughout the
test was sulphate of alumina, which was dissolved in the propor-
tions of one part of sulphate of ahimina in about 20 parts of
filtered water. This solution was made about twenty-four ho'urs
before being used, the supply for the day's run being taken from
a second tank in which the alumina had been dissolved the day
before.
The sulphate of alumina used contained about 22 per cent, of
l66 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
alumina (AL.2O3), except from March lOtli to lltli, inclusive; from
June 1st to 7tli, inclusive, and from June 27tli to 28tli, inclusive,
when an inferior and cheaper grade, containing about 17.53 per
cent., was used. The object in using- this inferior grade was to
determine if the same, or increased, quantities of sulphate of
alumina might not give equally good results with less cost. It
was found, however, that the increase in quantity brought the
expense to equal the cost of smaller quantities of the expensive
sulphate of alumina, the maximum efficiency depending upon the
amount of the alumina (AL2O3) in the applied chemical.
Sulphate of alumina was added to the raw water at the rate of
one grain per gallon, except from March lOtlito 11th; March 20th
to 25th, and from May Ist to 6tli, when 0.75 of a grain was used ;
March 27th to 30th, when 0.6 was used, and from June 22d to
28th, when 1.25 grains were used. These variations were naturally
made to determine the minimum amount of the applied chemical
which would give maximum efficiency.
The average removal of bacteria during the test, including the
use of the inferior grades and the increased quantity of sulphate
of alumina, was 98.7 per cent. The average removal of bacteria
was 99.2 per cent, during the time when one grain of sulj^hate of
alumina of the higher grade which contained 22 per cent, of
alumina (AL2O3), was used.
Ten per cent, gelatine was used in the bacteriological test, and
the plates ex^josed to ordinary refrigerator temperature, the period
of growth being from four to six days, according to the variation
of the external temperature.
The sample of applied water was taken from the mains within a
few feet of the sediment chamber, the sulphate of alumina being
introduced by means of a (so-called) Egyptian pump whose move-
ments were controlled by a propeller in the supply main a short
distance beyond the point from where the supply was taken.
The effluent, or filtered, sample was taken a few feet distant from
the outlet of the filter.
1899.] secrktauy's rkpokt. 167
As tilt' result of tlir f(mi|)nt;iti<)iis iu.mIc by ^Fi'. AN'cstim. tlie
eheraii'al results show that there was:
Six per ceut. less total solids in the liltereil water than there was
in the raw water.
One per cent, less c-hlorine in the filtered water.
Sixty one per cent, less ferric oxide in the filtered water.
Thirty-eio-ht per cent, less aluniinic oxide in the filtered water.
Twenty-nine per cent, less free ammonia in the filtered water.
Sixty-three per cent, less albuminoid ammonia in the filtered
water.
Eij^hty-three per cent, less color in the filtered water.
Twenty per cent, increase of hardness in the filtered water.
The filtered water in every instance was alkaline.
Attention is called to the fact that the preceding- summary of
results shows that the filtered water contained 38 per cent, less
alumina than did the raw water before the sulphate of alumina
was added to it.
It is customary to uive the results of the renioAal of bacteria in
percentages, the efliciency or removal being- computed in that pro-
portion.
In making- a proi)osition for satisfactory filtration, it is some-
times stated that an average eiliciency of 98 or 99 per cent, re-
moval will be guai-anteed. It seems to the writer that such an
indicator, although mathematically correct, is not fair to the
operation (^f a given plant.
As ail illustration, if the efHuent shows the presence of ten
organisms to the cubic ceutiinenter of water tested, and the ap-
plied water contained one thousand, an efficiency of 99 per cent,
is attained, but should there be but one more organism in the
count of the efUuent, or eleven, the percentagfe would drop to
98.98 2)er cent., or below a guarantee of 99 per cent. The same
drop from 99 per cent, would occur if there was one less organism
in the applied water, giving an efficiency of only 98.99 ])er cent.
When, as it sometimes occuis, there is an increase in the applied
Avater fi-om the average of ou^ or two hundred, to up into the
168 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
tliousands, tlie effluent does not show any such increase over the
two or ten as the case may be. There is not the proportionate
increase in the effluent, that we should look for, and yet this is
not api^arent when we consider the results of percentages. This
is especially evident when we study the filtration of sewage
wastes, where we deal with millions in the applied water and have
only hundreds in the effluent, the efficiency being apparently
exceedingly high when judged by percentage.
Again, although a filter may be giving its average efficiency in
the effluent, say, of ten, should the applied water drop to two
hundred, there is a great drop in the efficiency and yet the water
which we are to supply to the consumer is of no worse quality
than when we were treating the filter with a supply having a high
count.
It would seem fairer and more satisfactory to speak of the
efficiency of a filter as being one which will give an average
effluent count of not over a certain number under the conditions
of an applied water which shall not have a count loAver than a
certain high maximum. These conditions would be more satis-
factorily attained and would appear more applicable to the con-
ditions of efficiency than by comparison of percentages.
Another illustration may be seen in cases, where of two filters,
the second gives a lower count in the effluent than the first ; yet
the first will give apparently increased percentage of average
efficiency over the second, simply on account of a large increase
in the numbers of the applied water.
In other words, all other requirements being equal, we should
favor the process, whatever it may be, that is going to give us the
purest water bacteriologically, regardless of the amount of im-
purity of the original supply.
It may be stated that no Complaint has been received from any
consumer concerning the increase in hardness, which naturally
comes with this method of treatment, but commendation has been
given for the whiteness of the water.
The apparent increase in hardness is in fact more a matter of
1899 ] sIvchktaky'.s kki'oim. 160
chemical coinpntatioii than any actual cliani^e which can lie per-
ceptible to the (inlinary senses and i)liysi('al functions of persons,
or which may be noticeabki to the proibicers of st(;Hm. Shtnild
any objection exist in tlie use of this water for the production of
steam, there will \)v available an excellent oppoiiunity to deter-
mine that fact throus'h the present use of the water in iron con-
densing' vtits in a certain chemical manufactory which is attached
to this supply.
The following- tables give briefly the chemical and bacteriolog-i-
cal results of this short run, under actual conditions of supply to
the consumers :
S2
170
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
TABLE No. 1.
Test of thk F^ast I'hovidkm k Mkchaxual Filter.
CIIEMICAJ. ANALYSES OF SAMPLES.
BV I'UdKKSJrMK .loIlN HoWAKll AlMM.ETON.
liate of Filtration, 125,000,000 (Jalloiis per Acre per 24 hours.
'Die numbers express parts (l)y weiglit) in one million i)arts of water
(by weight).
Date.
T..t«l "^"^^
Chlo-
rine.
Keiric A'"""-
N. a* Al-
N as
bumi-
N. as
N. us
Free
noid
Ni-
Ni-
Ammo-
Ammo
trates.
trites.
nia.
uia.
l{.\w \\'.\'iKi;
March
April
xMay
0
3(5.4
15.0
3.0
0.01
0.1(5
:;o
3(i.7
15.0
2.1
0.42
1.23
0.00
0.14
(5
:!'.».(»
1(5.0
4.8
0.58
0.47
(1.04
0.22
i;;
3! I.;;
14.0
7.0
0.(50
O.SO
0.10
0.2(5
20
3il.!t
17.0
(J.4
0.(51
1.05
0.05
0.20
27
43.7
18.0
(J.2
1.00
0.75
0.02
0.22
4
51.5
17.0
(i.S
0.08
1.(57
0.03
0.28
11
53.1
21.0
(5.4
0.01
1.84
0.03
0.38
KS
54.0
21.0
(i.l
1.01
0.34
0.03
0.34
25
4tt.(;
20.0
0.4
1.00
0.7(5
0.04
0.32
0.70
0.60
0.(50
0.00
0.70
0.70
0.(50
0.(50
0.(50
0.60
Trace
0
Trace
Fl LTEK EI> W ATEK.
March
•1
32.2 1
17.0
"
30
30.7
18.0
April
(5
38.9
22.0
"
13
40.4
10.0
"
20
37.4
22.0
"
27
30.(5
19.0
May
4
40.5
22.0
"
11
47.2
23.0
"
18
40.8
23.0
"
25
46.5 1
24.0
3.0
4.0
0.18
4.8
0.61
6.0
0.45
6.4
0.28
<5.2
0.19
7.7
0.42 :
6.3
0.20
.5.8
0.13
7.2
0.40
0.(J3
(J. 97
0.04
0.44
0.04
0.55
0.05
l.tJ2
0.05
0.26
(LOl
1.08
0.55
0.47
0.45
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.07 0.60 Trace
0.10 0.50
(J. 10
0.11
0.10
0.07
(J. 11
0.14
(J. 12
0.13
0.60
0.70
0.(50
0.60
0.(30
0.40
0.50
0.(50
0
Trace
1899.]
secretary's report.
TABLE No. 2.
171
Test of the East Providence Mechanical JFilter.
BACTERIOLOGICAL AI^ALYSES OF SAMPLES.
Rate of Filtration, 125,000,000 Gallons per Acre, per 24 hours.
Bacteria per cubic cen-
timetre.
DATE.
Per cent,
of
Grains of Sulphate
of Alumina per
Raw
Filtered
Reduction.
Gallon.
Water.
Water.
March lO
954
55
94.24
0.75*
11
480
47
90.21
0.75*
13
768
4
99.48
14
595
5.5
99.08
15
Sterilized filter bed.
16
1299
9
99.31
IT
1257
7
99.45
18
683
4
99.41
20
658
7
98.94
0.75
21
1888
26
98.62
0.75
22
1044
31
97.03
0.75
23
1.550
37
97.61
0.75
24
3652
51
98.60
0.75
25
• 1818
16
99.12
0.75
27
512
11
97.85
0.60
28
1142
6
99.47
0.60
29
1025
4
99.61
0.60
30
822
16
98.05
0.60
31
782
1.5
99.82
April 1
499
7
98.60
3
636
1.5
99.76
4
628
2
99.68
" 5
545
4
99.27
6
855
3
99.65
7
1910
19
99.01
" 8
1009
6.5
99.36
10
1175
6.5
99.45
11
943
9.3
99.01
12
1443
9
99.38
13
336
4.3
98.73
14
Lost.
4
15
998
1.6
99.84
17
765
7.5
99.02
18
578
6.3
98.91
19
865
11
98.73
20
546
3
99.45
21
699
2
99.97
22
359
3
99.17
24
293
3
98.98
25
697
0.5
99.93
26
724
11
98.48
27
422
9
97.87
^ Inferior grade of sulphate of alumina having a relative value of about 80 per cent, of the
sulphate of alumina used at other times.
172
state boaiid of health.
Table No. 2. — Continued.
[1899.
Bacteria per cubic cen-
timetre.
Per cent,
of
Grains of Sulphate
of Alumina per
DATE.
Raw
Filtered
Reduction.
Gallon.
Water.
Water.
April 28
280
2.5
99.11
1
29
370
6
98.38
1
May 1
370
4.5
98.78
0.75
2
469
8
98.30
0.75
3
403
13
96.77
0.75
4
289
61
78.89
0.75
" 5
310
6
98.07
0.75
6
316
21
93.35
0.75
8
266
9
96.62
9
976
3
99.69
10
708
13.5
98-. 09
11
150
5
96.66
12
466
3.5
99.25
13
305
4
98.69
15
225
1
99.56
16
238
0.5
99.79
17
306
0.5
99.83
18
473
0
100.00
19
210
0.5
99.76
20
228
1
99.56
22
238
0.5
99.79 '
23
279
1
99.64
24
228
1
99.56
25
275
0
100.00
26
270
0.5
99.81
27
185
1
99.46
29
454
4.5
99.01
30
334
11.5
96.56
31
458
10
97.82
June 1
1478
10
99.32
1*
" 2
387
16
95.87
1 *
3
411
21
94.89
1*
" 5
548
18
96.72
1*
6
434
23
94.70
1*
" 7
587
]0
98.30
1*
8
331
4
98.79
" 9
494
8.5
98.28
10
341
6.3
98.15
12
354
0.3
99.92
13
243
2
99.18
14
181
0.3
99.83
15
265
1
99.62
16
388
0.6
99.85
17
277
2.5
99.10
19
Lost.
14
20
233
8
96.56
21
291
4.3
98.52
" 22
175
2.3
98.69
■ 1.25*
23
162
1
99.38
1.25*
* Inferior grade of sulphate of alumina having a relative value of about 80 per cent, of the
sulphate of alumina used at other times.
isno.
SKCKKTAUY S KKI'oUr.
Taiu.e No, 2.— Concluded.
\r.\
Bacteriii
H T cubic cen
DATK.
til
l(:iw
Water.
lie tie.
KiltiMvd
Water,
Per f.Mit.
..f
Kfdiiclioii.
Cirains of Sul|>liate
i>f Aliiiiiiiia |n-r
Ualluii.
June 24
27«
2.3
99.17
1.25*
2(5
41(1
3.3
99.21
1.25*
27
22(i
3.(5
98.41
1.2.5*
28
242
1.0
99.34
1.25*
29
209(j
4
99.81
30
8-19
4 •
99.53
July 10
202U
5.G
99.72
11
321
11
96.. 57
12
398
12
• 90.98
10
2(52
20
92. .37
14
402
.")
98.70
15
148
l.(j
98.92
17
383
5.0
98.54
18
279
0
10(\00
19
225
1.(5
99.29
20
8(5
2.3
97.32
21
3(i5
S.:]
97.73
' ' 22
7(54
o
99.01
27
175
().()
99.(50
28
159
4.0
97.11
29
473
2.3
99.51
31
444
L3
99.71
August 1
2
424
313
1
2
99.70
99.30
* liil'ei-ii)r trra<le of sulphate of aUuniiia having a relative value of about so per c-eiit. of the
?ulpiiate of alumina used at otber times.
lU
STATE BOARD OV HEALTH.
[1899.
TABLE No. 3.
Test of the East Providence Mechanical Filter.
COLOR OF SAMPLES.
Rate of Filtration, 125,000,000 Gallons per Acre per 24 hours.
The unit of color is practically that color yielded by properly nesslerizing
50 cubic centimetres of water containing one one-hundredth of a milligram
of ammonia gas (or its equivalent).
Grains
of Sulphate
of Alumina
per
Gallon.
Grains
DATE.
Raw
Water.
Filtered
Water.
Date.
Raw
Water.
Filtered
Water.
of Sulphate
of Alumina
per
Gallon.
March 10
.50
.10
0.75*
April 21
.60
.10
1
" 11
.50
.10
0.75*
" 22
.60
.10
1
" 13
..50
.10
1
" 24
.60
.10
1
" 14
.50
.10
1
" 25
.60
.10
1
" 15
Sterilized li
Iter bed.
" 26
.60
.10
1
" 16
.50
.10
1
" 27
.70
.10
1
" 17
.-50
.10
1
" 28
.70
.10
1
" 18
.50
.10
1
" 29
.60
.10
1
" 20
.50
.10
0.75
May 1
.60
.10
0.75
" 21
.50
.10
0.75
!! 2
.60
.10
0.75
" 22
.50
.10
0.75
o
.70
.10
0.75
" 23
.50
.10
0.75
4
.70
.10
0.75
" 24
.40
.10
0.75
5
.70
.20
0.75
" 25
.40
.10
0.75
6
.70
.40
0.75
" 27
.40
.10
0.60
8
.70
.10
" 28
..SO
.10
0.60
9
.70
.10
" 29
.40
.10
0.60
" 10
.70
.20
" 30
.40
.10
0.60 1
" 11
1.00
.10
" 31
.40
.10
1
" 12
1.00
.10
1 '
April 1
.40
.10
1
" 13
.90
.10
3
.40
.10
" 15
.80
.10
4
.40
.10
" 16
.90
.10
5
.40
.10
" 17
.80
.10
6
.40
.10
1 '
" IS
.80
.10
7
.40
.10
" 19
.70
.10
8
.40
.10
" 20
.70
.10
" 10
..50
.10
" 22
.70
.10
" 11
.40
.10
" 23
.60
.10
" 12
..50
.10
" 24
.60
.10
" 13
.50
.10
1
" 25
.70
.10
" 14
.50
.10
I
" 26
.60
.10
" 15
.50
.10
" 27
.60
.10
" 17
.50
.10
I \
" 29
.60
.10
" 18
.60
.10
1 j
" 30
.60
.10
" 19
.60
.10
1
" 31
.50
.10
" 20
.60
.10
1
* Inferior grade of sulphate of alumina having a relative value of about i
sulphate of alumina used at other times
per cent, of the
IM)'..'. J
SECUETAKYS KEI'OKT.
175
TABLE No. 4.
Test or the Kasi' I'kon iih.ni i; >[i;< hank ae Fietei:.
AI.KAIJMI ^' (»K SAMI'I.IvS.
Kiitc (»r I'illralioii, liTi.doii.ooo (ialloiis jxt Ac-re [icr lM hours.
('I'lif Alkalinity is t'Xi)r»'sst'(l as Calcimn Caiboiiate, in J'arts per 1,0(M),000.)
Grains
DATE.
Raw
Water.
Filtered
Water
of Sulphate
of Alumina
per
Gallon.
Maivl
1 10
(;.4
■' 3
U.75*
11
(i.O
2.7
0.75*
"
13
5..")
1.7
1
"
14
7.. J
•>
1
"
1.-)
Ster
ilized lil
ter bed.
11)
(i.7
1.5
1
17
7
2
1
"
IS
6.7
2
1
"
20
6.2
1.7
0.75
"
21
7.7
1.5
0.75
"
2'2
6.5
2
0.75
"
23
5.5
1.7
0.75
"
24
0
2
0.75
"
2r>
5.7
1.5
0.60
27
7.2
3
0.60
28
9
4
0.60
"
29
6.5
3
0.60
"
30
7.7
3.5
0.60
"
31
9
2.7
1
April
1
8.5
3
1
"
3
9.2
2.7
1
"
4
9.5
3.2
1
"
o
8.7
3.2
1
"
rt
6.5
3
1
"
7
11
3.7
1
"
8
10
3.2
1
10
9
3.7
1
"
11
10.5
3.2
1
"
12
11
4
1
"
13
10.2
Lost.
1
14
11.5
4
1
15
11.5
5
1
17
12
4.5
1
"
18
11
4
1
4.5
May
April 21
24
25
26
27
28
29
1
2
3
4
5
6
S
9
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
Grains
Raw
Water.
Filtered
Water.
of Sulphate
of .Muniiiia
per
Gallon.
11
4.5
1
S.5
4.7
1
14
7-
1
14
7
1
14
6
1
14
6
1
14.5
6
1
13.5
(i
1
14.5
7
0.75
15
,s
0.75
13.5
7.5
0.75
15
7.5
0.75
14
6.5
0.75
15.5
6.5
0.75
15
6.5
1
14.5
(\
1
15
()
1
14
(j
1
14,5
6.5
1
14.5
5.5
1
15
5.5
1
14
5
1
14.5
(i.5
1
14.5
(>
1
14
6
1
14.5
6
1
14
8
1
14
6
1
14
7
1
14
7
1
15
6
1
14.5
.5
1
14
5
1
14
.5
1
14.5
6
1
* Inferior grade of sulphate of alumina having a relative value of about SO per oent. of the
ulphate of alumina used at other times.
METHODS OF COMPILATION USED IN PREPARINO CENSUS
AND REGISTRATION REPORTS.
BY DK. GARDNER T. SWARTS,"
Secretart, State Board of Health of Rhode Island,
Owing to the increased interest in vital statistics evinced by one
of our western States, and the stimuhis given to other States by
the zealous agitation of the subject by its earnest registrar, I
have been requested by the President of the Association to
present such facts as are available as to the various methods at
present in use for the computation, or compilation, of the data to
be found in the return, or certificate, of death.
From the earliest times, a record of successive incidents of the
same kind was kept by means of markings, and varied signs, upon
parchment, tile, or stone. The aborigines of this country were in
the habit of keeping their record hanging at their belt, in: the form
of scalp-locks, taken from their victims, while the earlier settler
recorded his mortality statistics of aborigines destroyed, by notches
cut into the stock of his gun.
At the present time, with the ready means afforded by the use
of plumbago, inks and paper, the simplest form of notation has
been what is called " the dot and dash system," a successive dot
or dash being set against each distinct item that the data on the
return presented. These in turn are counted, and the total set
against the item. A variation is made at times between the dot
and the dash, or any other distinctive mark, or check, which per-
* Paper read before the- A merioan Public Health Association, October 31, and November
1, 2 and 3, 1899, at Minneapolis, Minn.
IS!)!), I skokktahy's jtKroitT. 177
mits of tliH more ready discovery of tlu^ |);iiticnl;ii- Itiiinlh; of if-
tiirns wliicli are successively examined.
One of the disa(lvanta.^('S of tliis system consists of the im[)(js-
sibility of tlctcnniiiini;- which iji(li\i(iiLal ictuni lias hei^n noted
incorrectly. If a failuii^ is made to place a dot or dash, tlu; dis-
covery is not made until the total is made up ; it then becomes
necessary to do the work all over aoain, since the individual re-
turn which is omitted cannot be distinguished.
As an assistance, both in rapidity and convenience, in recording*
the tally, a self-counting-, or tally sheet, was devised by Mr. Chas.
F. Pidgin, who has been connected with the statistical work of
the Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor for the jjast
twenty-nine j^^ears, filling- the position of chief clerk of that bureau
since 1876. This sheet consists of a separate line for each item,
the line consisting- of a series of dots, the tejitli dot being- larg-er
and more distinct that the previous nine. The advantag-e of this
form of tally sheet is that the total may be read off at any time
without counting- up the number of dots or dashes. Variations of
the form of dot, dash, bracket, or circle indicating- the tally, may
be used on these sheets to indicate diiierent data, but which mig-lit
be desirable in connection with the data first entered upon the
same line, such as a diiierent district, ward, or toAvn.
This is more useful Avhen the number of returns counted are
small. It has the disadvantag-e of any dot and dash system.
In the course of his association with statistical work, and from
his experience of the needs of the forms of work, Mr. Pidg-in has
invented and introduced many devices for facilitating- the work of
comi)ilation.
The first of these was the use of the slip, or card system, upon
which the whole data of the return was marked. These cards, or
slips, were sorted into boxes, or racks, according to the data given
upon the cards. These cards could then be counted, and if any
deficiency Avas found in the total, the individual pack, or sort,
could be quickly run through, and the missing- or mistaken item
found.
178 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
As an adjunct to the original Pidgin System, the trays, or boxes,
receiving' the cards were supplied with lids which closed auto-
matically, by means of a stiff spring, but upon being- opened, i3ress
upon a counting- dial, thus giving- the result of the count at the
end of a sorting-. This did away with counting- the cards by hand.
As a part of the original system, and as a check against the in-
troduction of a wrong card into the sort, or boxes, the record of
the return was indicated by holes punched into the cards against
the various data required. This punching was done by means of
a hand puncher. A bunch of these when sorted would each neces-
sarily have the same corresponding hole, and a wire being passed
through this hole in the collected bunch, would meet with no
resistance unless a wrong sort had been made, in which case the
oflending card could be withdrawn and placed in its proper
division.
Improvement was next made upon the sorting boxes, by intro-
ducing into boxes a simple but effective counter which is operated
by hand when the cards are sorted into their respectiye compart-
ments. This form of machine, called "The Automatic Multiple
Counting or Tabulating Machine," was devised and used by Mr.
Pidgin in compiling the State Census of Massachusetts in 1895.
This machine is operated directly from the original schedule, or
return. It consists of a box having saw-tooth slits across the tin
front. By lightly pressing a projecting arm, or wire, a spring
throws this arm into the slots between the teeth. Each slot has a
number indicated over it from one to nine. The lowest row indi-
cates units, the second tens, the third hundreds, and the fourth
thousands. When the unit arm has reached slot nine it is thrown
back to zero with one sweeping motion, and the lever, or arms, of
tens is touched once, throwing it into the first notch of the tens.
Thus, by the aid of this simple device, counts may be made as
high as ten thousand.
A device called " The Pin Board Electrical Tabulating System"
was next produced by Mr. Pidgin. This consists of a stack of 108
counting machines which automatically adjust themselves at zero
1899.) seckktaky's report. 1'5'9
MS tlio rosult of simjily ]irossin.2f a button. Tlipso foniitpi's aro
orected before tlio oporation, aud are set in motion by au elec-
trical connection which is o]ierated from a pin board. A card
liaviny- letters or characters re[)resentiu.q- the items to be recorded
is i)laced over the pin board', and the pin and jiiinch are driven
thrmiorh the card at the items indicated. This operation causes
tlie counters to register aud at the same time ]n*oduces the
punched card, thus accomplishiug- two results with one motion.
For this pin board may be substituted what Mr. Pidgin terms
"The Electrical Typewriter Tabulator." The keys of the type-
writer may be marked with transferable labels indicating- the 108
items which are to be counted.
This machine is operated directly from the schedule, or return.
This does away with the use of a card and with punching-.
Twenty -one index keys, or g-uides, are arranged on two sides of
the keyboard which gives a g-uide to tabulation. By using- the
index, or guides, in correlation with the keys, a comlunatiou of
items may be registered by the pressure of one key. In this way
it is possible with one stroke to count the items of sex, nationality,
color, conjugal relation, and age periods.
Mr. Pidgin claims that if this form of machine is operated even
as slowly as one-half the ordinary speed of the type^Titer, that
lOo tables may be made per minute, or 0,300 registers per hour, or
44,100 tallies per day of seven hours.
A "Multijile Adding or Chip System" has been used by Mr.
Pidgin for a number of years. This system is for adding small
numbers where a great number of totals are desired. Its capacity
is from units to millions. Colors are used to indicate units, tens,
etc. The digits are printed in large characters, the six being
distinguishable from the nine. The operator selects the card
'numerals from the case as a tpye-settor would ])ick his type.
By this process, two hundred columns may be added at a time
with only one result slip for the totals. The chi]is are counted
after being drawn from the rack in which they are sorted. This
may be done bj' using any of the counting devices previoush' de-
180 STATE BOAED OF HEALTH. [1899.
scribed, the typewriter tabulator being- the most satisfactory. As
the cards are counted, they may be sorted into a sorting- box near
by the operator, and thus be available at once for placing in the
rack from which they are first drawn.
A device similar in operation to the " Pin Board Electrical
Tabulating- System," but differently constructed, has been devised
by Mr. Herman Hollerith, of Washington, D. C, and is known as
the " Hollerith Electrical Tabulating System."
This system consists of first preparing a card of exact size and
shape uiDon which is printed the numbers, or the letters, which
shall correspond to all the data which can possibly be found upon
any given return of death or schedule of census.
Inasmuch as the causes of diseases, as well as occupations, are
exceedingly numerous, it is found impracticable to represent
each disease by a given number, or sign, but it is feasible to indi-
cate the several classes of causation, and to indicate by a specific
number the sub-divisions of those classes.
By a specially prepared machine these numbers, or signs, are
punched out of the card for each item of the data given on a
single return ; this card, therefore, represents the return, reading
in the form of punched holes. It is now possible to sort these
cards by hand, using the punched holes as the heading, but where
the number is large, the objection to the original Pidgin System
in this method is not removed.
The next detail in the Hollerith System was to sort these
punched cards by the use of the electrical sorting and counting
device. The punched cards are placed one by one, by hand, upon
a rubber slab holding as many small mercury cups as there are
indications on the unpunched card. Above the slab with its cups
is suspended an equal number of needles, or wire points. The
bottom of the mercury cups are each individually connected with
a dial-hand operated by small electric magnets. The needles are
individually connected on the opposite pole of the magnets. The
card being placed on the rubber slab, the needles are all brought
down at once by a single motion of a lever. Certain of the
IROO. I SECnisTAItY's IlKl'OKT. ISl
needles will drop (liidiii^li llic puiKdicd lioltis in tlie card, conif
iuto c'oiitiU't with tiio iiiorcuiry iu tlio cups, thus coinph^in^- u eui-
reut tlirousfh tho nias'iiet Mdiicdi releases tlie hand on tho dial one
point.
Eucli time a current is made a register of one is recorded on the
individual dial wliicli corresponds to the hole iu the card, which,
in turn, re]iresents a^e, sex, color, conjuq-al conditions, etc. "When
the di<^it hand on the dial has completed a count, a second hand
tallies one hundred on the dial so that a computation of ten thou-
sand ma}^ be made on each dial.
After a certain division, or bunch of cards, represeutinq- a city
or county has been passed throug-h the tabulating- machine, the
totals on the dials may be read off and noted on the total tables
of the report.
One dial is reserved and placed iu a common count Avhich
records the exact number of cards which pass through. The
total, therefore, of any given item, as for instance in color, the
total of black, white, and mixed must be equal to the total on the
reserved dial. By this means any failure to have punched the
card for these items, or failure on the part of the dial to record, is
immediately noted and the card discovered by running the bunch
through and noting the total for every five or ten .cards passed.
Since the number of items called for in the rejiort may number
ui)wards of two hundred and forty, it is evident that this number
of dials, each of which is about three inches scpiare, would oc-
cupy too much space. An electric connection is therefore made
with a sorting box, which consists of a certain number, say "id, all
of which have a light metal cover, which is held in place by means
of an electric magnet. A sort is made by counting up each cell,
or box, with the items, the primary division of occupations, or (^f
divorces.
When the needle passes through the item hole, the contact of
the needle with the mercury causes the lid, or cover, <^f the box to
be released. A spring throws the cover wide oi)en. Thi^ card
having Ixmmi on the riM-ovd, is slid olV by hand into th(^ cell, (U- com-
182 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
partment, found open. The cover is tlien thrown into place, bj^
hand, being' cauo-lit by the hook on the electric magnet and from
which it was released Avheu the magnet moved. The opening of
the sorting box, and the working of the one or more dials, operate
at the same time.
The cards accumulating in the boxes are taken in their sorted
bunches to the dial portion of the machine, and a record is made
of the holes found in the sub-divisions of occupations, or diseases.
Although each card is placed and removed by hand, yet an
operator quickly acquires great celerity and rapidity i]i the work-
ing of the machine. It ^^ ill be noted that the operator does not
read the cards, but the instrument does. The power for operation
of the magnets is provided by about twenty-four carbon zinc cells.
When any sort, or bunch, consists of but few cards, they are
more readily worked by hand. The limit of this method of sort-
ing and counting varies with the operator. The reading- is made
by observation of the holes which correspond with the data as
given in the original certificate, or return.
As a variation or simplification of the work of punching, a ma-
chine has been devised by Mr. Gore, of the Actuary Department
of the Prudential Life Insurance Company, of Newark, N. J.
This consists of the union of cutting, or punching, rods with
the key-board of a typewriter. In this instrument the cards are
fed and expelled automatically to and from the punching blade.
As a matter of economy, and for the purpose of having cards ac-
curately cut that there may be no variation in size, which would
lead to obstruction in the several machines through which it
passes, Mr. Gore has devised a machine which will automatically
cut these cards from strips of cardboard distributed from a roll.
These cards are also stamped automatically^ with a consecutive
number, and printed with the letters, or signs, representing- the
data to be noted.
Mr. Gore's method of sorthig consists in placing bunches of the
punched cards in a number of hoppers which are arranged on a
circular platform, several of these circular receptacles being im-
18!>'J.] SI'X.UETAKY's KHroKT. 183
l)osed one upon the otlier, e;i<'li beinq- free to revolve independent
of the eirch^ jibovc ;ind l)('h)\v. In eneh circle there are receivini;
i'oini)artnients in whii-li the iJrojectiny- wire is inserted at a jioint
which will c()rr('s|)()iid with the loc-atioii of the hole in the card
the notation of wjiich is desired. As these circles are readily re-
volved by hand, or i>lectric motor, each successive card conies in
contact with these i)ins, and if the hole be [U'eseut directly (jver
the pin, the card will drop into its i)ro[)er receptacle; if not, it con-
tinues to revolve until it finds a point, or pin, which does corre-
si)ond. In this way all of one age, or difterent age periods, may
be sorted at the same time. These pins are adjustable in sockets
for any of the signs found on the cards. In this Avay the sorting-
is done Avith great rapidity, many thousands being- separated
within an hour.
Succeeding- this operation, an instrument has been devised
which shall receive these cards from a hopper, and automatically
c<>in)t and register the number of cards of any individual sort
placed in a hopper. As this does away the with mistakes which
are liable to accrue by lack of memory of the hand-sorter, the
results are more accurate. A mistake made by the hand-sorter, of
passing- two cards at one time, is obviated in this counting- instru-
ment, since two cards cannot enter at the same time. Any failure
to enter checks the operation of the machine.
There is on the market a hand adding- machine which will
record single tallies, or items, or one subject, to the number of
'.>'.il», the next pressure upon tlie projecting- lever of the machine
throwing- the reading- dials, or rather registering- wheels, over
again to 000, making 1,000. These counters are used by iimpires
of liase ball and other g-ames, by insi)ectors of steamboats, and in
any large assembly to tally the number of persons present.
It is a circular box of metal, about two inches in diameter, -with
glass center on the front, protecting- the registering wheels. Each
wheel may be thrown back to zero by means of thumb keys on
the back. The wheels are set in motion by pressing a lever which
184 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
projects on one side. This is useful only in adding- by single ad-
ditions of one or two.
For the purpose of adding" numbers including units, tens, thou-
sands and upwards, a device known as the comptometer is to be
found on the market. It consists of a box fourteen inches long
and eight inches wide and four inches deep, containing a series of
wheels, each having ten notches with a cam on each wheel at the
tenth notch which will cause the neighboring wheel to advance
one notch, or number. The turn of the wheel is produced by
pressing upon a key button upon which is imprinted a number.
There are nine digits in each vertical column of units, tens, etc.
These buttons press perpendicular rods which force horizontal
arms, or levers, to press against the notches on the wheel, the
amount of push being governed by the length of arm or the lever-
age of each number. The numbers being farthest removed from
the register or dial has the longest leverage. All the numbers
on the dial may be brought to zero by turning a small wheel on
the side of the machine.
A device for the same ]3urpose is found in the Electrical Ad-
ding and Multiplying Machine of the Pidgin System. It differs
from the previous machine by the numbers being notated by
mearis of sliding keys instead of stiff upright keys. The keys, or
arms, with pointer, are pushed up on the scale to the number to
be added. All of the numbers up to a billion, being set, it is pos-
sible to read the numbers off for correction before bringing them
back into place and registering on the dials.
This form of machine has the advantage of accuracy, and noise-
less and easy of operation, very little effort being- required to push
the sliding arms into position. The only disadvantage is the
necessary width of the machine. An attachment also provides for
locking the machine to avoid intentional or accidental movement
of the arms by some person other than the operator.
As with the Comptometer, multiplication and division and other
mathematical computations may be mechanically executed Avith
the aid of this machine.
189'.).] SECKETAliV's KKI'OKT. 185
As to tlie ;ulv;int;i^eK of one systuiii over the other, it may be
statod that any iiiecliaiiit'til clevi(;e which will lehevo the miud, the
hiiml, aiul tlio eye from coiitiiiuous routine eilbrt will serve the
avoidance of mistakes. Huch devices necessarily increase rapidity
of ol)taiHin,i;' results, and it is the aim of all registrars of vital
statistics to issue their rei)()rts at the earliest possible date which
is consistent with completeness and acciiracy of the information
comi)iled.
The card catalogue system has the advantaije of a permanent
record, for reference. It has the advantage of sorting- by hand,
which, as has beeu stated, is preferable in dealing- with small
totals.
The perforated card sj-stem has the advantage of availability of
mechanical devices which insure accuracy, biit more especially
rapidity. Thousands of cards may be handled in this Avay when
Inindreds are counted by hand. One great advantage that this
system has is the possibility of accumulating and sorting to ab-
tain one item, or several, covering a period of five or ten years.
The introduction of the perforated card involves one more pro-
cess in the operation. The card must be punched by hand, and
must be fed to the automatic counting- machine.
Reading direct from the schedule, or return, and recording the
count automatically by machine, brings the information direct
from the return into the total and is thus a saving of time as well
as an increase in accuracy. If, however, a mistake is made in re-
cording one too many, or too few of a particular item, it is not
possible to correct that except l)y a rereading- and recount of
that item for all the returns that are in the schedule.
In the nse of the dials, with clock hands as indicators, it is very
essential that the operator stand directly in front of each dial, for
from a i)oint diagonal from the dial, the angle at which it is
viewed will give a mistaken notation. With the numerical indi-
cator the numbers are at once evident. No counting- of inter-
mediate divisions on a dial is necessary, the total being read oft'
at once and noted on the total sheet.
II
STATE BOAKD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
On May 18th last, a commission on the tabulation test for the
next United States Census was appointed. This commission sub-
mitted to the contestants schedules representing- approximately
20,000 persons which were selected from the population of the re-
turns of the eleventh census. Individual data was to be obtained
from these schedules, and to be represented in twelve tables, com-
prehending a distribution of the population by sex, general
nativity, and color, age, conjugal condition, place of birth,
parentage, illiteracy, school attendance, citizenship, occupations,
and months employed.
(County)
(City or Town)
(Month)
(No.)
f Col or and Race)
(Conj. Cond.)
AGE
(Years)
(Months)
(Days)
(Res. or Non. Res.)
Disease
or
Cause of Death
(Class)
(Order)
(Detail)
Occupation
(Class)
(Section)
(Detail)
Place
of
A
;
^
IF
A
Birth
and
Parent
Nativity
o o o
Massachusetts Kegistration : Deaths— ISSt.
Copyrighted, 1887, by Chas. P. Pidgin.
1899.]
SKCRETARY's UEI'OKT.
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According- to the WashingtoD Star of July 2Stli, " Four systems
of tabulation were entered into competition : First, the Hollerith
Electric Tabulating- System. Second, the Automatic Multiple
Counting' Machine. . Third, the Pin Board Electrical Tabulating-
System, and the Electrical Typewriter Tabulator," the latter three
being entered by Mr. Pidg-in, and all of which have been de-
scribed in this paper.
The Star states that " the Hollerith System completed its work
in 185 hours and 53 minutes when considered as the labor of one
clerk. Of this total time, 135 hours and 30 minutes were con-
sumed in transcribing- the cards bj' punching, including 'gang-
punching;' ()8 hours and 38 minutes in running the punched
cards through the electric counting machine, and 11 hours and
45 minutes in transferring the results to the forms of tables as
submitted by the commission. Six hours and 30 minutes (^f the
time were used for the hand sorting of certain of the smaller oc-
cupation groups.
"The Automatic Tabulating System consumed 452 hours, of
188 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
which 228 hours were occupied in transcribing (by marking) of
the cards. The counting and tabulating occupied 224 hours.
" The Pin Board System was not continued through the test but
was stopped by agreement, it having been demonstrated that the
rapidity of this system was practically the same as that of the
typewriter tabulator and the relative efficiency of the two systems
could be determined by confining the test to the last named
system.
"The test of the last three systems was begun on June 14th.
Work was continued on the typewriter tabulator until July 27th,
when it was discontinued by direction of the commission. Up to
this time 163 hours had been consumed by the test and nine tables
were wholly compiled.
"The tabbies relating to foreign percentage and occupation re-
spectively and a part of table seven relating to age detail, had yet
to be compiled."
The conclusions as reached by the commission were as follows :
"As the result of the test of the several systems submitted the
commission are jointly and severally of the opinion that the
superiority of the Hollerith Electric Tabulating System for the
compilation of individual data which is necessary to be made
from the returns of the twelfth census has been clearly and fully
demonstrated and they so report."
Of the very few States and cities having any system of registra-
tion, Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont use the card cata-
logue system which consists of a copy of the original return
placed upon individual cards by town clerks and forwarded to the
State registrar. These cards are then sorted by hand, and the
cards filed away as a card catalogue for future reference. As
these returns are received monthly, it is possible to keep the
compilation well advanced so that at the end of the year a sum
total of the months will give total for the year. This system also
has the advantage of making it possible to correct any ill defined
causes of death, by correspondence with the physician before the
end of the year.
1899.] SKrRKTAKY's KKroitT. J 89
New York City makes use of the Holleritli Tabulating- Macliine,
the smaller numbers bciii^'- counted by liand. The State of Rhode
Island made use of the entire Hollerith machine for two or tliree
years, when it was found to be more i)racticable to sort the
punched cards b}^ liand instead of ninninii' them tln'ouj^li tlie
electrical counting- machiue. It is found also that the cards could
be punched with greater rapidity, and sorted more readily, than
by using the Pidgin Card System, which requires markings with
pencil.
It is a difficult matter to satisfactorily explain the workings of
these various devices without having the machines at hand for
demonstration, and should any registrar contemplate the use of
any of them, he would naturally visit and examine the devices
wherever the}' might be in operation.
ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY, 1899.
Agricultural Experiment Station, Kingston, B. I., Twelfth Annual
Report
Augusta, Ga., Twenty-first Annual Report of the Board of Health, for.lS98
Befolkningstatistik (29) Mouvement de la Population en 1897
Berlin, Statistiches Jahrbuch de Stadt, for 1896
Boston, Mass., Annual Report of the Health Department, for 1898
Boston Public Library, Annual Report, for 1898-99
British Columbia, Annual Report of Provincial Board of Health, for. 1897
Brookline, Mass., Report of the Board of Health, for ' 1898
Brooklyn, K. Y., Report of the Department of Health, for 1898
Bureau of Animal Industry, U. S., Annual Report, for 1898
Cambridge, Mass., Report of the Board of Health, for 1898
Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Studies
from Department of Pathology (Vol. 6, Part 1st) 1898-99
Conference of State and Provincial Board's of Health, Proceedings of
the Twelfth Annual Meeting 1899
Connecticut, Annual Report of the State Board of Health, for 1898
District of Columbia, Report of the Health Officer, for 1898
England, Sixtieth Annual Report of Registrar-General, for 1897
Finland, Statistisk Arsbok, for — 1898
Grand Rapids, Mich., Annual Report of the Board of Health, for.. 1898-99
Illinois Society of Engineers and Surveyors, Thirteenth Annual Re-
port, for 1898
International jSTomenclature der Todesursachen
Ireland, Thirty-fifth Annual Report of the Registrar-General, for 1898
Louisiana, Sanitary Code State Board of Health.
Maine, Sixth Annual Report on Births, Marriages, Deaths, and Di-
vorces, for 1897
Maine, Tenth Annual Report of the State Board of Health, for. . . .1896-97
Manchester, IST. H., Report of the Board of Health, for 1898
Massachusetts, Annual Report of the State Board of Health, for 1898
Massachusetts, Annual Report of Statistics of Labor, for 1898
181)9. J SKCKKTAKY's Ill.l'oliT. 101
Massacliusetts, Animal Report of Statistics ot Maiiiilaftiuvs, tor is9s
Mii-liigan, Aiiiiiiai Report ot tlie State, lioanl ot iiealtli, for 1W>S
Michigan, Registration Report, tor isit"
Minnesota, Annnai l{ei)ort State Hoard of Ileaitli ls!)r>-<)8
National Contect ioners Ass'n, Proceedings ot tlie Meeting of. held in.lSflO
Newark, N. . I.. Annual llepoil. Department (»!' l'id)lic iieiillh isos
New RrnnswicU. 'rweH'lii Annual Ifeport, Provincial Ihiard ol' Health,
tor ISOT
Newhurgh, Report of the Iiealtli Ollicer, for 180S
New Jersey, Annnai Report of Medical Examiners of, for 1808
New Hampshire Medical Society, Transactions of, for 1808
New Hampshire, Report of the State Board of Health, for 1808-90
New Hampshire, Sixteenth Registration Report of 1896-97
Ne\v Haven, Conn., Report of the Board of Health, for 1898
New York City, Annual Report of Hoard of Health, for 1898
New York Hospital, One Hundred Twenty-Seventli Annual Report of
the Society, for 1808
New York State, Eighteentli Annual Report of tlu' Hoard of Health,
with accompanying maps, for 1809
North Carolina, Hienuial Report of Board of Health, for 1897-98
Ohio, Annual Report of the State Board of Health, for 1898
Oklahoma, Fourth Hiennial Report of Superintendent of Public
Health, for 1807-98
Ontario, Annual Meeting, Association of Health Officers, held 1899
Ontario, .\nnual Rei>ort of the Provincial Hoard of Health, for 1898
Ontario, Registration Report, for 1897
Pennsylvania, Animal Report of the State Board of Health, for 1898
Peinisylvania. Report of Filth Annual Meeting of Associated Health
Authorities of, for 1898
Providence Athena-um, Sixty-fourth Annual Report of
Providence City Manual 1898
Providence Pultlic Library, 'rweiity-tirst Animal Rejtort of, for 1808
Providence. R. I., Forty-fourth Animal Report, Hirths, Marriages, and
Deaths 1808
Providence, R. I.. Animal Rt'port of the City Hngineer, for 1898
Providence, R. 1., Report of the Health Department, for 1808
Quebec, Annual Report of the Provincial Hoard of Health, for 1808
Reading, Pa., Report of the Hoard of Health, for 1808
Redwood Library and Athena-um, (,)ne Hundred Sixty-Ninth Annual
Rei)ort
192 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
Report of Surgeon-General of the Army to Secretary of War, for 1898
Rhode Island Hospital, Annual Report 1898
Rhode Island, Twelfth Annual Report of Industrial Statistics, for. . . .1898
Rhode Island Manual, for 1898-99
Rhode Island School Reports, for 1898
Rhode Island State Board of Agriculture, Annual Report 1898
Rhode Island State Charities and Corrections, Annual Report 1898
Rhode Island Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, Twenty-
Ninth Annual Report, for the year ending March 31, 1899
San Francisco, Cal., Annual Report of the Board of Health 1897-98
Sanitary Reports— Weekly Abstracts 1898
South Carolina, Eighteenth Annual Report of the Board of Health, for. 1898
State Auditor's Report, for 1898
St. Louis, Mo., Report of the Health Commissioner, for , 1898
St. Paul, Minn., Annual Report of Commissioner of Health 1898
Terra Haute, Ind., Annual Report of the Board of Health, for 1898
United States Department of Agriculture, Year-book of, for 1898
United States M. H. S., Annual Report of the Supervising-General, for.1898
Wisconsin, Seventeenth Biennial Report of State Board of Health. 1897-98
gi:m:iial i.aws.
CHAPTER 96.
OF THE STATE P,(»A1{I) OF HEALTH.
Section l. Tlie governor, with the advice and fouseiit of the sen The state
ate, shall appoint six persons, two from the county of Providence, health, ap- '
and one from each of the other counties, who shall constitute the vacancies, how
state board of health, one of whom shall be appointed in each year movais, how
for the term of six years from the first day of July. Any appoint-
ment to fill a vacancy shall be for the remainder of the term. Of
the persons so appointed, at least three shall be well-educated physi-
cians and members of some medical society incorporated by the state.
The governor may remove any member, for cause, at any time, ui)on
the written request of two-thirds of the board.
Sec. 2. The board shall take cognizance of tlii' interests of life Duties of the
board, with
and health among the citizens of the state ; they shall make investi- reference to
life and health
gations into the causes of disease, and especially of epidemics and among the
citizens of the
endemics among the people, the sources of mortality, and tlie effects state.
of localities, employments, conditions, and circumstances on the
public health, and shall do all in their power to ascertain the causes
and the best means fur tiie preventioii of diseases of every kind in
the state. They shall publish and c-irinilatt', from time to time, such
information as they may deem to be important and useful for diffusion
among the people of tlie state, and sliall investigate and give advice
in relatioji to sucli sul)jects, relating to the public liealth, as may be
referred to tiiem by the general assembly, or by tiie governor wlicu
the general assembly is not in session.
Sec. 3. The state board of healtli shall also investigate the subject J." 'uvestiprate
' •" di.^eases
of diseases among cattle or other animals. amons cattle.
" etc.
Sec. 4. The board sliall meet in the city of IMovidence once in Meetings,
three months, and as nuich oftener as they may deem necessary. Xo
25
]94
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Secretary.
Duties of sec
reiary.
Compensation, member of the board, except the secretary, shall receive any com-
pensation for his services ; but the actual personal expenses of any
member, while engaged in the duties of the board, shall be paid by
the state.
Sec. 5. The board shall elect a well-qualified physician as their
secretary, who shall be ex-offlcio a member of the board, the com-
missioner of public health and state registrar ; but he shall not be
permitted to vote on any question in which he is personally interested.
Sec. 6. The secretary of the board shall make inquiry, from time
to time, of the clerks of town and local boards of health and prac-
ticing physicians, in relation to the prevalence of any disease, or
knowledge of any known or generally believed source of disease or
causes of general ill-health, and also in relation to the proceedings
of the said boards of health, in respect of acts for the promotion and
protection of the public health, and also in relation to diseases
among domestic animals in their several towns ; and the said clerks
of town and local boards of health and said practicing physicians
shall give information, in reply to said inquiries, of such facts and
circumstances as shall have come to their knowledge.
Sec. 7. The secretary shall perform and superintend the work
prescribed for said board by law, and such other duties as the board
may require ; he shall prepare and publish, in every calendar month,
a general summary of all the deaths, and causes of the same, which
have occurred in the state during the preceding month, the same to
be made up from returns of deaths which shall be made to him on or
before the tenth day of the month following the date of such deaths,
by the several town clerks, the city registrar of Providence, and the
city clerks of the other cities ; he shall also prepare and publish for
general distribution a monthly circular giving information and advice
in regard to the preservation of health, suitable for each particular
season, and giving also such information as he shall deem of advan-
tage to the public, as to the prevalence and character of infectious
diseases of domestic animals. He shall hold his office during the
pleasure of the board, and may be removed at any regular meeting
by a majority vote of the members of said board.
Sec. 8. The governor shall provide a suitable office for the board
in the city of Providence ; and the actual expenses of the board and
of the members thereof, when certified by the chairman and approved
by the governor, shall be paid from the state treasury.
Same subject.
Office and ex-
pense of the
board.
1K99. 1 SErUKTARV's RKI'Oiri'. 195
Skc. U. 'I'lic Ixmnl sIimII nrnkf a n>i)()rt in ])riiit to tlie pcnoral as- Toreportan-
scinltly, ;iiiiMiall\ , <il' its |nucc('(liii<rs (lurinjif (lie j'ciir endiiij,'' on tlie '""* *'
tliiity-lirst (lay nl' I >rcfiiil)t'r iicxi ]>r('cc(liim', witli siicli sii^ftrcstiuns
ill iciatioii (() the sanitary laws and intrrrsts (if IIk:" state as tliey
sliail deem iiiiportant.
CHAPTER 1(>5.
OF Tin-: JMIAC'l'ICK OF MEDICINE.
[As amend(;fl Xovemljer, 1901.1
Skctiox 1. It shall lie the duty of each town and city cderk to Register of
imrchase a book of snitable size, to be known as the "medical reg- be kept by city
ister" of each city or town, and to set apart one full page for the clerks,
registration of eacli pliysician ; and wlien any pliysician shall die or
remove from the city or town, said clerk shall make a note of the
same at the bottom of the page, and shall on the first day of January
in each year transmit to the ottice of the state board of health a duly- Annual list to
state board of
certified list of the physicians of said city or town registered under health,
this chapter, together with such other information as is hereinafter
required, and perform such other duties as are required by this chap-
ter; and such clerk shall receive tlie sum of iifty cents from each C'ompensation.
pliysician so registered, which shall be his full conipensatioii for all
tlie duties required under this chapter.
Skc. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person to practice medicine Practice of
,. ., , , -J., • i , ,• -.L i. .L, ■ i ., , medicine is un-
or surgery m any ol its branches, within the hnuts ot this state, who lawful without
has not exhibited and registered, in the city ur town clerk's otHce of certificate of
the city or town in which he or she resides, his or her authority for
so practicing medicine as licrcin prescribed, together with his or lier
age, address. i)la('(^ of l)irtli, and the school or system of medicine to
which he or she proposes to tieiong; and the person so registering
shall siiliscrilic ami verify by oath, before such clerk, an alVidavit
containing such fai-ts. which, if wilfully false, shall subject the
alhant to conviction and punishnicnt for jierjury.
.Skc. :l Authority to inaclice medicine under this chapter shall |,",t[iVor?ty^,u,d
be a certificate fr.»m the state board of health, and said board shall, byZwd'''"
upon application, after examination, issue a certificate to any repu-
table ])liysician w ho iiileiids to practice medicine or surgery in this
196
STATE BOARD OF HEALTH.
[1899.
Fee.
Certificate to
be how signed;
fee therefor.
Itinerant doc-
tors are pre-
cluded.
Certificates
may be refused
or be revoked,
when.
Board may ad-
minister oaths,
summon wit-
nesses, and
compel produc-
tion of boolis
and papers.
Contempt, how
punished.
Perjury.
state and who shall present himself before the state board of health
and pass in a satisfactory manner such examination as said board
may require. Any physician so presenting himself shall pay to said
board the sum of ten dollars ($10) for each examination, and said fee
shall in no case be returned, but shall be applied to pay the expenses
of said board of health in conducting such examinations. Each cer-
tificate so issued shall be signed by the president and countersigned
by the secretary of said board and shall be attested by the official
seal, and not more than two dollars ($2) shall be charged for a cer-
tificate.
Sec. 4. Nothing in this chapter shall be so construed as to au-
thorize any itinerant doctor to register or to practice medicine in any
part of this state.
Sec. 5. The board may, after due notice and hearing, in its dis-
cretion refuse to grant the certificate provided for in section 3 of this
chapter to any physician who is not of good moral character, or who
has violated any of the laws of the state, or who has been guilty of
gross unprofessional conduct or conduct of a chaaracter likely to
deceive or defraud the public, and may, after due notice and hearing,
revoke any certificate issued or granted by it heretofore for like
cause or for any fraud or deception committed in obtaining such
certificate, or for any other cause which in the opinion of said board
shall render the holder of such certificate an unfit person to practice
medicine in this state. The members of said board are hereby
severally authorized to administer oaths, and said board, in all cases
or proceedings pending before it, is hereby authorized and em-
powered to summon witnesses by subpoena signed by the secretary
of said board, and to compel such witnesses to attend and testify in
the same manner as witnesses are compelled to appear and testify
in either division of the supreme court ; and said board is author-
ized to compel the production of all papers, books, documents, rec-
ords, certificates, or other legal evidence that may be necessary or
proper for the determination and decision of any question or the
discharge of any duty required by law of said board, by issuing a
subpoena duces tecum, signed by the secretary ; and every person dis-
obeying any such writ shall be considered as in contempt, and said
board may punish any contempt of its authority in like manner as
contempt may be punished by either division of the supreme court.
Any person who shall wilfully swear falsely in any proceeding, mat-
ter, or hearing before said board shall be deemed guilty of the crime
1899,] RKfliKTAKY's HKI'OKT. 197
of perjury. Said board sliall serve a eojjy of its deeisioii or riiliiiy^
upon any person whose certificate has been refused or revoked. Any
person agjrrieved by any decision or ruIiuLr of said board may, within Api.eals.
ten days after receiving said notice, exchisive of Sundays and ii-jj^al
holidays, take an appeal thei'efrom to the appellate division of tlic
supreme court, sitting at Providence, and shall tile therein iiis rea-
sons of appeal, and serve a copy thereof on the secretary, or i)erson
performing tlie duties of secretary, of said board ; and said appellate
division of the supreme court sliall, as soon as may be, iiear and
determine said appeal.
Skc, 6. Nothing in this law shall be so construed as to discrimi- To whom this
rhapter does
nate against any particular school or system of medicine, or to "ot apply,
prohibit gratuitous services in case of emergency ; nor sliall this
chapter apply to commissioned surgeons of the United States army,
navy, or marine hospital service, or to legally qualided physicians of
another state, called to see a particular case, in consultation with a
registered physician of this state, but who do not open an office or
appoint any place in this state wliere tliey may meet patients or
receive calls.
Sec. 7. Complaints for violation of the provisions of tliis cliapter Prosecutions,
secletary of
shall be made bv tlie secretary of said board, and said secretary shall >^tat.' ijuard of
health n(>t re-
be exempt from giving surety for costs on any complaint made as quired to give
siiiety for
aforesaid. L<>sts.
Sec. 8. Any person who, not being then lawfully aulliovized to Penalties for
praeticiii!.'
practice medicine within this state, and so registered according to without certifi-
cate,
law, shall practice medicine or surgery or attempt to practice medi-
cine or surgery, or any of the branches of medicine or surgery, after
having received therefor or with the intent of receiving therefor,
either directly or indirectly, any bonus, gift, or compensation, or
who shall open an office with intent to practice medicine, or shall
iiold himself out to the public as a practitioner of medicine, whether
l)y appending to his name the title of doctor or any abbreviation
thereof, or M. D., or any t)ther title or designation implying a practi-
tioner of medicine, or in any other way, shall be deemed guilty of
a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be lined lifty dol-
lars, and upon each and every subsequent conviction shall Ik- lined
one hundred dollars and imprisoned thirty days, either or l)otli, in
the discretion of the court; and in no case when any provision of
this chapter has been violated shall the person so violating sui-h
provision be entitled to receive conipensatitin for services reuderetl.
INDEX.
Additions to lil)rarv.
Allen, Edwin R
Angell, Thomas H..
Apoplexy *
Baby farms
Bennett, Herbert F
Births in 1890
new law governing registration of
Bowden, Charles H
Bowen, Abraham
Brayton, William F
Bristol water supply
Bronchitis*
Brownell, Frederick K
Cancer*
Capwell, Dr. Remington P
Carpenter. ( Icorge A
Case, Jolin 1'
Caswell, William F.
Caswell, William II
<'li;imi)liii, Edward P
< liapin. Dr. Charles Y
< Iiase. Albert L
(iiolera Infantum*
Cliristiaii .Scientists, prosecution of
decisions in cases of.
Cluirch, Pri'derick P
PAGE.
190-192
40
25
128
72
12
124
145
62
fio
21
2
128
10
128
70
20
91
15
50
20
89
20
128
150
1.52
12
* See Index to Forty-fifth Registration Report.
300 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
BAGE.
Clapp, Otis F 37
Clark, E. Howard 92
Clark, John F 23
Clarke, Halsey P : - 50
Clavin, John 67
Compilation in census and registration reports, methods of 176-189
Consumption* (see Tuberculosis) 129
deaths from 129-131
Contagious diseases 1
" " hospital for 74
reported in 1899 132-134
Cook, Byron I 39
Crawford, C. Fred 22
Cross, (j-eorge C 48
Cultures from diplitheria 6
Deaths in 1899 124-131
" causes of 127
" diagram of eighteen chief causes 131
" new law governing registration of 145
" percentage of 127
" rate for twelve years 126
Diarrhoea * 129
Diphtheria* 6, 78, 129
" cases reported 132
Disease, infectious 77
Disinfection 73
Dysentery* 129
Easton, Charles F 24
East Providence water supply, inspection of 143
Edwards, John H 49
Electrolysis of water pipes 39
Examination of cultures from diphtheria 6
Examination of sputum from tuberculosis 6,- 135
Expectoration, ordinance prohibiting 30
Famum, Charles W 24
* See index tu Fdiiy-fifih Kegistratiun Keport.
18!)!).] INDI'X. 201
PAOE.
I'^ilttT iTclds, sewage 27
IMlt ration, East I'rovideiu'e water company 6, 164-175
rrovideiicc water supply 4
( i a rhage 72
( uMieral laws 193
(Jritlin, Stcplu'ii W 14
iianis, Dr. (irorge A 69
1 1 ealth officers, reports of 59
1 1 oart disease * 129
Hospital for contagious diseases 74
Hoxsey, William 51
Infectious diseases 75
lurtuenza* 129
I uspection of provisions 72
Kidney diseases* 130
K innecom, Sanf ord E 70
Langworthy, George A 90
r.atham, Dr. Daniel S 68
Laws governing registration of births, marriages, and deaths 145
I iegislation, medical 147
Jabrarj% additions to 190-192
Lockwood, James T 15
Loomis, George A " 14
1 Aither, Sterry K 24
Lyon, Emory J) 23
MacKnight, Dr. Adam S 64
Malaria* 129
Marriages in 1N'.»'.» 125
new law governing registration of 145
Mason, Cliarles B 13
Mason, William (' 48
Mathewson, Edgar A 21
♦See iiide.is to Kurty-lifth Registration Report.
36
202 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
McGunnagle, William J. , • • ■■'■ 68
McKenzie, Thomas 54
Medical laws 195-197
Medical legislation 147
" " appeals from decisions of Board 148
" " legal decisions 152
" " " " "Christian Scientists" 152
" " prosecutions 150
" " rulings of Board 148
Metcalf, Dr. Harold 91
Meteorology 108-123
Methods of compilation in census and registration reports 176-189
Mortality statistics 124-131
Mott, Hamilton A 65
Xewport city water. supply.
Ordinances, new sanitary —
Little Compton 15
Pawtucket 30
Portsmouth 31
Warren = 13
Paine, Dr. Ara M 92
Paralysis* : 128
Parks, public 36
Pawtucket city water supply. 3
Pawtuxet river 3
Peck, George H 62
Peck, James G 23
Peirce, Thomas J 50
Personnel of the Board 6
Pneumonia* 130
Privy vaults, removal of 71
Providence, assessed valuation 89
" city water supply 3
" population of 31
Provisions, inspection of 75
*See index to Forty-fifth Registration Report.
1899.1 INDEX. 203
I'AOE.
Publ ic parks 30
Rain tall 'JO, 109-12:}
" Woonsoc'ket 47
Registration to practice medicine —
Appeals , 148
" Christian Science " 1.52
J^egal decisions 152
Legislation 147
Prosecutions 150
Rulings 148
Remington, Daniel IT 37
Richards, Dr. Byron I" 71
Roberts, Samuel II 30
Sanitary ordinances, new —
Little Compton 15
Pawtucket 30
Portsmouth 31
Warren 13
Scarlet fever* 75, 130
" " cases reported 133
Seagrave, Charles S 25
Sewage, filtration of " 27
" disposal of. Providence 30
Shaw, George C 65
Shaw, Dr. Ralph II. R 69
Smallpox* 87, 130
Sputum from tuberculosis 0
Statistics, mortality 124-131
Steele, Dr. Minot A 60
Stimson, Dr. Kdward I' 00
Sweet, Dr. Charles F 07
Swill, collection of 72
Temperature 109-123
Tobey, Oscar A 37
*See index to Forty-fifth Registration Report.
204 STATE BOARD OF HEALTH. [1899.
PAGE.
Towns, reports from 9
Barrington 12, 62
Bristol 12, 62
Burrillville 21, 67
Central Falls 22, 67
Charlestown 48, 90
Coventry 13, 63
Cranston 22, 68
Cumberland 22, 68
East Greenwich , 14, 64
East Providence '. 23, 69
Exeter 49, 90
Foster 23, 69
Glocester 23, 69
Hopkinton 49, 90
Jamestown 15, 64
Johnston 24, 69
Lincohi 24, 70
Little Compton 15, 64
Middletown 19, 65
ISTarragansett 49, 91
Newport 20, 65
New Shoreliam • 20, 65
North Kingstown 50, 91
North Providence 25, 70
North Smithfleld 25, 70
Pawtucket '■ 25, 71
Portsmouth 20, 66
Providence 31, 71
Richmond • 50, 91
Scituate 37, 89
Smithfleld 37, 89
South Kingstown 50, 91
Tiverton 21, 66
Warren 13, 63
Warwick 14, 64
Westerly 51, 92
West Greenwich 14, 64
Woonsocket 38, 90
18(t0."| ixDKX. 205
I'Aae.
'I'ultcrculitsis. imlinoiiary* 129
cxamiiKit ion of split 11111 fiDiii 0,135
" " expectoration rnrl»i(l(lcn 30
" " record of all cases of 138
'ryi)lioi(l fever* 75, 129
" " cases rei)ortc(l 134
" " ill >V(ionsocket 140
Vaccination 73
Walker, Dr. James W 70
Ward, George E 65
Waterman, Daniel D 22
Water analysis 98-107
" " Westerly 54
supplies 1, 93
" " electrolysis 39
" " improvement of —
Pawtneket 25
Pawtuxet river 3
Providence 31
Ten-Mile river 143
" works —
Bristol 2
East Providence 5
" " examination of 3
Newport 2
I'awtucket 3
Providence 3, 31
Westerly 52-57
Woonsocket 2, 38
Wind, prevailing: direction of 109-123
AVinsor, Dr. .Tolin 03
Woonsocket. typiioid lever in 140
•See index to Furtytiltli Uefrixt ration Ucpoil.
FORTY-SIXTH HKINJRT
REI,ATINO TO TIIK
REGISTRY AND RETURN
Births, Marriao;es, and Deaths,
AND OF DIVORCE,
STATE OF RHODE ISLAND,
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31, 1S9S.
PltEPAUED BY
GARDNER T. SWARTS, M. D.
STATE REOISTBAR OF VITAL STATISTICS; SECRBTAKY OF THE STATE BOARD OF HEALTH;
COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC HEALTH.
PROVIDENCE :
E, li. FREEMAN i SONS, PRINTERS TO THE STATE.
1900.
MEMBERS
Rhode Island State Board of Health,
Post Office Address.
ALBERT G. SPRAGUE, M. T)., President River Point Kent County.
SAMUEL M. GRAY, C. E Peovidence Providence Co.
JOHN C. BUDLONG, M. D Providence Providence Co.
REV. GEORGE L. LOCKE Bristol Bristol County.
ALEXANDER B. BRIGGS, M. D Ashaway Washington Co.
PETER F. CURLEY, M. D Newport Newport County,
GfARDNER T. SWARTS, M. D Providence Providence Cq.
GARDNER T. SWARTS, Secretary.
J^tate af Uhurtc ^$\nm\ and ^H'oviacucc 5,Mantatiou,s.
C)F1 U !■: OF TIIK STATK RkOTSTHAI! OF VlTAL STATISTICS.
Pkovidence, li. I., ]Marcli 1, lUOO.
To the Honorable General Assemhhj :
The Forty-Sixth Aiuuial Keport upon tlie Eegistration of Births, Mar-
riages, and Deaths hi Kliode lsh\nd, and hicluding judicial i)roeedures hi
relation to divorce, durhig the year 1808, with compeudiary Tahles of the
results of registration in the previous years, is herewitli respectfully suh-
mitted.
The plan of preceding years, hi regard to the general arrangement of tlie
Tables, summaries, and comments, has been followed in this report, with
some additional Tables, and a few special changes made to meet certain
requirements.
In the special Tables the object has been to present the important facts
of many years of registration, as well as of single years, in such manner as
to make them readily apparent and relieve the reader of the statistics
of much of the labor of personal examination of each of the general Tables
of the preceding reports for the purpose of ascertaming the relation the
various facts bear to each other.
In previous reports the proportion of births, marriages, and deaths to
the population has been estimated m various ways. For a few years the
estimation was made upon the figures derived from the census taken in a
given year, and the same number of population used each year until
the next census was available. In other periods an estimate was made
upon an arithmetical increase. The present issue, however, gives all esti-
mates in proportion to population by geometrical ratio, and which gives a
more rational uniform increase than has been previously observed. This
is seen in Table Wl.
The same form of nomenclature and classification that was introduced
into the previous issue has been retained, since it is believed that it con-
forms more correctly to tlie present understood a'tiology of disease.
Changes have therefore been made which may seem arbitrary, but are
surely more satisfactory as a classilicalion than that lueviously used.
iv FORTY-SIXTH REGlSTRATlOi^ REPORT. [1898.
Under the class of Zymotic Diseases we have previously had Miasmatic
Diseases as Order, or Group, One ; and Enthetic Diseases as Order, or
Group, Two. As the word Miasmatic is inappropriate at the present day
to such diseases as diphtheria, measles, and scarlet fever, and as these
are, with many other, dependent upon the introduction into the system of
a morbific material, they are, therefore, contagious or infectious. As
some controversy is liable to arise as to the preference in use of either of
these terms, it has been thought desirable to use the word Communicable,
which will include both. In this group have been gathered all diseases
acknowledged to be dependent upon the presence of some morbid entity
which in some instances has been demonstrated to be due to a micro-
organism, while with others it is assumed by analogy to these conditions
that they may be due to the same cause.
A more extended explanation of the reclassification of these diseases
will be found under Names of Causes of Death, in Appendix A, page 283,
of this report.
Respectfully,
GARDNER T. SMARTS,
State Begistrar.
CONTENTS
See Index, page 309.
General, Tables.
Table I. General summary of the birtlis, marriages, ami deaths,
in 1898, ill each town and each county in the State, showing the
number of births, the sex and parentage of those bom ; the num-
ber of marriages, with the nativity of those married ; the number
of deaths, with the sex and nativity of those who died ; the aggre-
gate and average age of the decedents of each sex, and of tlie
whole number of decedents whose age was given 2-5
T^VBLE II. Births ; showing the number of each sex bom in each
month of the year, in the several divisions of the State 6-7
Table III. Plurality births ; arranged by months, sexes, and di-
visions of the State, and showing the nativity of the parents 8
Table IY. Marriages ; the number in each month and in each
quarter of the year, in the several divisions of the State 9
T.UJLE y. Deaths; sliowmg the number of decedents of each sex
in each month, in the several divisions of the State 10-11
Table VI. Deaths ; showing the number of each sex that died at
certain stated periods of life, hi each town and division of the
State ; also the population of every town and division, with the
percentage of deaths to population 12-19
Table VII. Causes of death and season, in 1898, arranged alpha-
betically ; showing the number of decedents of each sex from
each cause, ui each montli and in the whole year, the number of
native bom ;iiul t'orcitiii born, and also tlu' number of native and
of foreign percentage for thti whole year 20-34
Table Vlir. Causes of death and age; arranged alphabetically,
and showing the nnniber of decedents of each sex from eacli
cause, in each period of life or)-49
Taiu^e IX. Classilication and percentage; showing the number
and percentage of deatlis from each cause and hi each class of
causes, hi tlic wliole State, and in each division of the State 50-(i3
Vi i'OETY-SlXTH HEGISTEATION REPORT. [189^.
Table X. Nosological classification of causes of death in Khode
Island, in each of the forty-six years 1853-1898 64-79
Table XI. Occupations and ages at death ; showing the number
and the aggregate and average age at death of the decedents, in
each occupation and class of occupations, ui the whole State, for
1898 and for 46 years and 1 months, ages under 20 omitted 80-91
Table XII. Occupations and causes of death ; showing the num-
ber in each occupation and class of occupations, who died from
each specified cause, during 1898, omitting ages under 20 92-107
Table XII. Supplementary 108-110
Special Tables, Eesults, and Comments.
Births, Marriage, and Deaths. Table XIII-XVI 113-122
Diagram I. Birth Bates 124-125
Births. Special Besults. Tables XVII-XXX 127-144
Marriages. Special Eesults. Tables XXXI-XLIII 145-149
Divorces. Tables XLIV-XLY 161-164
" Katio of, to Marriage, different States. Table XL VI- 165
Deaths. Special Eesults. Tables XLVII-XCY 166-273
Diagram II. Death Bates 182-183
" III. " " 274
Betums of the Medical Examiners 277-279
Nomenclature of Diseases. Appendix 281-292
Suggestions Concemmg Physicians' Certificates of Death 283-286
Laws ui Belation to Vital Statistics. 293-297
Synopsis of the Law of Marriage 298-299
Laws m Relation to Divorce 300-302
" " " " Medical Examiners and Coroners 302-307
Index , . 309
REPOKT rPOX THK l(K(ilSTKATI()\
15IRTHS, MAKRTAdES, AND DEATHS
RHODE ISLAND,
THE YKAR KXDTNCJ DECEMIJKrv 31, 1898,
FOR VARIOUS YEARS FROM 18.33 TO 1898,
INCI.l'STVE
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION" REPORT.
[1898.
Table I.
General Summary of Births and Marriages in the State of Rhode
Island during tlie year 1898.
BIRTHS.
MARRIAGES.
TOWNS
AND DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE.
i
a
o
SEX.
parentage.
S
0
nativity.
3
.2
"3
S
<i5
>
a
fee
'S
9-B.
0 cd
6
>
"S
d
1
0 t-
g
0 =s
.S3
138
139
68
22
65
71
15
61
27
13
42
86
3
19
15
' 37
10
5
8
16
11
89
12
5
11
40
36
14
15
3
14
13
6
15
1
Bristol
3
8
Bristol County
310
137
39
7
798
152
77
23
3
398
158
60
16
4
400
103
57
14
190
141
58
15
87
18
31
36
16
14
30
1
7
6
1
East Greenwich
4
445
95
68
85
1
"'2'
65
.....
2
156
64
■61
15
21
16
Kent County
981
20
17
25
577
80
3fi
35
501
10
12
12
287
9
14
19
480
10
5
13
290
11
22
16
268
12
18
11
207
18
18
19
518
5
3
12
253
1
16
10
110
2
2
"52'
1
1
4
62
20
58
13
31
21
205
S
3
150
10
6
11
94
2
6
3
87
9
5
6
69
21
Little Compton
1
Newport City
42
14
7
1
1
4
1
Newport County'. . . .
Burrillville
730
167
503
227
238
232
21
23
197
221
67
81
1,067
4,256
58
38
808
363
79
291
114
106
123
13
9
108
111
42
35
524
2,182
26
22
417
367
88
272
113
132
109
8
14
89
110
25
46
543
2,074
32
16
391
297
55
93
98
57
117
19
18
41
18
81
20
355
1,312
49
18
151
300
77
858
91
117
71
71
15
60
25
33
23
2
1
16
21
4
8
113
.373
1
3
91
788
189
32
148
69
62
74
15
7
17
63
4
19
270
1,566
25
11
828
118
18
33
39
18
48
15
6
10
2
116
694
19
7
89
48
4
65
14
25
16
15
4
29
10
6
8
6
Central Falls
21
9
9
East Provideuce
Foster
4
2
117
163
36
48
496
2,185
7
14
484
2
23
19
6
5
103
386
1
4
88
768
1
Johnston
5
32
1
4
82
512
2
2
73
4
10
.....
37
181
3
1
31
334
2
11
North Providence
North Smithfield
1
2
35
Providence City
Scituate
179
1
Smithfield
1
35
Providence County-.
Charlestown
8,264
16
10
47
23
74
113
17
145
4,202
4
6
20
14
42
53
13
73
4,062
12
4
27
9
32
60
4
72
2,448
13
10
41
17
55
93
14
60
4,866
2
2,610
15
25
4
26
31
8
71
1,123
14
21
4
24
88
8
45
837
316
Exeter
1
2
8
4
2
62
2
4
8
14
2
"'3'
2
1
15
23
1
3
Narragansett
North Kingstown
South Kingstown
Richmond
1
2
1
1
Westerly
6
14
6
Washington C(junty.
445
825
220
303
88
37
187
151
7
17
13
State institutions not included.
1898.]
iiiUTiis, MAUi;i\ni:s. wn kiiaths.
Ta]{LE I. — Continued.
(h'lKi-dl ,Si(iinn(inj of Deaths in the Stale of Rhode Island durincj
the year 1S98.
DEATHS.
SEX.
NATIVITT.
AGES
AGGREGATE AGE
AVERAGE AGE
IN YEARS.
V
tU)
<
u
a
60
tn
m
»■
e
(U
O
<h
<u
v
^
S)
o
"5
s
15
1>
3
E
^
fe
1
i
bo
<
>
19
8
11
15
4
7
11
366
503
52.29
45.73
869
48.28
109
53
50
85
24
53
56
2,400
2,306
45.28
1 42.25
4.700
43. 12
84
38
46
59
25
38
46
1,221
1,003
4,472
.32.13
40.68
1 34.85
39.58
2,824
8,459
33.62
212
99
113
1.59
53
98
113
3,987
40.09
81
45
30
69
12
45
30
1,732
1,308
38.49
36.33
3.040
37.53
53
24
29
40
13
24
29
1.212
1.260
.50.50
43.45
2.47;i
46.64
9
0
3
9
6
3
363
221
00.50
73.67
584
64-89
373
183
258
190
279
94
183
189
5,715
9,022
5,051
7,840
31.23
31.97
26.72
30.51
10,700
16,862
28.94
516
258
397
119
258
257
32.74
12
-
5
11
1
r.
5
333
294
47.57
.58.80
627
52.25
17
9
8
17
9
8
340
431
37.78
53.88
771
45.35
15
10
5
15
10
5
476
319
47.60
63.80
795
53.00
349
109
180
274
75
169
179
6,382
6,754
37.76
37.73
18.1.36
87.75
17
13
4
15
2
13
4
698
202
53.69
50.50
900
52.94
28
10
12
23
5
10
12
842
575
52.63
47.92
1,417
• 88.. 56
50
30
20
48
8
.35
20
1,174
646
33.54
32.30
1.820
19.466
33.09
494
200
23-1
403
91
259
233
10.245
9,221
39.56
.39.58
39.57
95
40
49
74
21
46
49
1.720
1.470
37.39
30.00
3.190
33.50
218
118
100
147
71
118
100
3,144
2.602
20.64
20. Oi
5.740
20.36
17J
89
83
144
28
89
83
2,799
3.040
31.44
43-93
0.4J5
37.47
146
72
74
97
49
72
73
2.502
2.672 :
3-1.75
36.60
5.174
:».08
123
04
59
98
25
04
59
2.292
2.109 1
35.81
30.70
4.401
36.27
17
12
5
16
1
12
5
482
200 i
40.17
52.00
742
43.05
27
10
17
25
2
10
17
443
1.126 1
44.30
06.24
1..5fi9
.58.11
130
70
00
88
42
70
60
2,471
2.0.50
.35.30
34.17
4..52I
34.78
115
54
01
04
51
54
61
ijm
2,028 j
28.90
S:i.2b
3.592
31.23
35
18
17
24
11
17
17
543
947 1
31.94
.55.71
1.490
43.82
52
42
10
30
10
42
10
1.424
483 j
.33.90
48.30
1.907
.36.07
543
m)
203
339
204
280
203
9,905
9.645
35.59
36.07
19.010
30.11
2.929
1.489
1.440
2.032
897
1,489
1,440
46,0-36
50.553
31.. 32
35.11
97.189
.33.18
53
22
31
40
7
22
31
1,240
1..322
50.30
42.05
2.562
48.. 34
31
19
12
28
3
19
12
542
ti04
28.. 53
50.33
1.146
.30.97
458
235
223
317
141
235
2.039
223
.5,513
6.080
23.40
31.50
27.20
35.02
ll,59:i
170.937
25 31
5,144
2.040
2.504
3.575
1.569
2,503
83,280
87,657
3;j.2i
15
^
S
13
2
7
8
407
802
58.14
.37.75
709
47.27
13
0
7
12
1
6
7
426
405 1
71.00
57.86
831
63.92
49
20
23
48
1
20
23
1,-368
1.299
52.62
50.48
2.067
54.43
13
5
8
12
1
5
H
188
443
37.00
55.. 38
031
48.. 54
03
.32
31
57
6
32
31
1.842
1.571
.57.50
.50.08
.3.413
54.17
83
40
43
79
4
40
43
1.975
2.210
49.37
51.40
4.185
50.42
24
12
12
21
3
12
12
718
472
59.83
.39.33
1.190
49.58
109
03
46
82
27
63 ;
46
2.811
2.107
44.02 ^
45.80
,4.918
18.544
45.12
309
191
178
324
45
191
178
9,735
8,809 \
50.97 1
49.49
50.25
FOETY-SIXTH REGISTEATlOlSr REPORT.
[li
Table I. — Continued. — Eecapitulation.
General Summary of Births and Marriages in fJie State of Bhode
Island duriny the year 1898.
BIRTHS.
MARRIAGES.
i
a
3
o
.a
SEX.
PARENTAGE.
a
o
NATIVITY.
COUNTIES.
0)
Is
S
6
>
i
cS o
II
□
6
>
Iz;
"S
o
c^
0 G
^«
cS o
15
21
15
334
17
a
O =8
310
981
, V30
8,264
445
153
501
863
4,202
225
158
480
367
4,062
220
103
268
297
2,442
303
141
518
300
4,266
82
37
110
62
768
37
29
85
71
788
23
87
205
189
2,610
187
36
94
118
1,123
151
30
69
48
837
7
6
21
Newpoetj
8
316
Washington
12
996
991
402
Whole State
10,730
5,443
5,S8T
3,413
5,307
1,014
3,278
1,522
363
1898.]
BIRTHS, M.VI{KIA(;i:S, AND DKATHS.
Table I.— Continued. — Recapitulation.
General SuDinKiri/ of Deaths in fhe State of Rhode Island, Jnj
Cniinfirs, (Jnrinij the year 1S9S.
DEATHS.
AGES
AGGREGATE AGE
AVERAGE AGE
IN YBAns.
IN YEARS.
<
to
a
bt,
s
S3
<
15
oi
m
oj
oi
a
ID
a>
<u
<u
o
CO
Si
03
B
>
'5
V
i
a
m
0)
S
<
A vera
212
99
113
159
53
98
113
3.987
4.472
40.68
39.58
8,459
40.09
51G
258
258
397
119
258
257
9.022
7,840
34.97
30.51
16.862
32.74
49-1
2G0
234
403
91
259
233
10.245
9.221
39.56
39.58
19,466
39.57
5,144
2. 640
2,504
3,575
1,569
2,639
2.503
83,280
87,657
31.56
35.02
170,937
33.24
3C9
191
178
324
45
191
178
9,735
8,809
50.97
49.49
18,544
50.25
170
lOG
64
99
71
106
64
5,689
3,651
53.07
57.05
P,340
54.94
6,905
8,554
3,351
4,957
1,948
8,551
3,348
121,956
121,650
34.34
36.34
843,008
35.31
FOKTY-SiXT'Bt SEGISTRATIOI? R£P'OE,t.
[189^
Table II.— BIETHS, 1898.
Arranged hy Months, Sexes, and Divisions of the State.
SEX.
.a
DIVISIONS OP THE STATE.
MONTHS.
3
o
a
o
m
a
3
O
a
a
(D
3
2;
o
a
3
o
^ to
o a
o&
a o
S
'>■
o
u
1
a
o
o
"5
o
a
a>
"2
V
o
4)
O
O
m
a
o
o
a
a
o
o
S
to
a
2
January
Males
484
15
36
10
41
68
31
54
178
41
10
Females. . .
453
10
48
6
39
67
18
41
175
34
15
Total
mi
25
84
16
80
135
49
95
353
75
25
February
Males
437
14
57
4
23
55
21
43
168
38
14
Females . . .
408
11
34
7
15
64
24
38
163
33
19
Total
845
25
91
11
38
119
45
81
331
71
33
March
Males
Females . . .
461
443
17
10
32
39
12
1
19
19
98
82
26
19
38
47
163
175
32
30
94
21
Total
904
27
71
13
38
180
45
85
338
62
45
April
Males
Females . . .
415
371
17
8
38
22
1
8
15
19
68
60
23
19
53
35
150
167
32
17
18
16
Total
786
25
60
9
34
128
42
88
317
49
34
May
Males
Females. ..
446
452
14
13
41
48
4
7
21
16
83
78
21
22
31
49
177
165
37
29
17
25
Total
898
27
89
11
37
161
43
80
342
66
42
June
Males
Females . . .
435
443
10
11
47
42
4
4
12
26
63
65
21
29
42
47
182
163
36
36
18
20
Total
878
21
89
8
38
128
50
89
345
72
38
July
Males
503
11
39
8
'>?^
82
90
37
225
33
95
Females . . .
475
13
39
9
33
80
21
37
194
33
16
Total
978
24
78
17
56
162
41
74
419
m
41
1898.]
BIRTHS, MAliKI.U. i:S, AM) DHATJIS.
Taijle II.— births.— Continued.
^IrrdiKjeil hi/ Months, Sexes, (iitd Dii-isions of the Slok
M()NT11!>.
Auffust.
S(']ttfiiil)er.
OctoluT,
SEX.
Xov(.'inber.
JJuffinluT
AVIioIc Year
Males . .
Females
Total . . .
]\rales . .
Females
Total . . .
Males . .
Females
Total . . . .
.Males . .
Females.
Total . . . ,
Males . . ,
Females.
Total . . . .
>[ales . . .
Females.
DIVISIONS OF TIIK STATK.
lO o
1 aH
1^
512
467
979
405
440
845
457
444
901
423
430
853
465
461
926
5,443
15 41
15 37
30 ' 78
44
20
25 82
>, ■
a
s
>>
8,
Si
<o
u
s
<u
o
*.»
s o
M
a
o
o
^■<^
2
o
3
o
to
c
is
o
at
o
o
o
'A
a.
O
O,
cu
^
152
5,2S7 158
Total 10,730 310
)01
4S0
,)81
9
11
20
8
7
15
6
6
12
0
6
12
76 287
771290
64
51
115
67
61
128
30
33
63
t
211
19
40
45 32
57
102
46: 23
62: 19
1081 42
49 22
55 1 29
104 51
788 291
I
782 272
46
56
102
42
45
87
50
54
104 377
524
543
201
188
389
].j3
168, 3()
321 61
193 40
169 35
362 75
182
180
362
210
167
2,182
17
29
46
23
20
43
19
16
35
26
12
38
14
11
•2.^
417 225
2,074 3911220
153 577 1,570 .563 l,067i 4,256 808,445
I ' ! I I
FOETY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
H
<J
HI
o
<
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rH
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l-H (M
rH
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•jaqjij^g: qsiigug | .'
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1
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•liunoo uo^Saiqs'B^ ii-ii-ii-i -i-ii-i(?^ih
00
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^
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T-H
7-{
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OCO -*Tf OS^ tOOO 050 t--* OCO --iCO C*«3 IOCS (NtO i-'-=»|o«
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: ® :
5h gfe S
II
to" • m •
S ^ !1> 1^
^ S|5h ig
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III!
111
5^
•S3SB0 JO jaqranjsi
Q0010JC-(MiO-*i>5-*l:-010ol'2
^ ,1 rH ^ i-H 1 ;il
^
^
IB
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li a
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3 • a
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c
a
P
a;
189S.
MA i!in.vf;i:s.
Taijle IV.— marriages, LS'JS.
.IrraiKjtd hij Munllis (iiid hirisions of /he Slah
MONTHS.
January
February
:Marcli
First ()uarter
April
May.
J une.
267
256
152
675
321
201
396
SiH'ond (Quarter 91S
July 186
Auj,nist 231
September 332
Tliird ()uarter T4S)
i
Octolu'r 342
X«)veinl)er 384
December 210
Fourtii (.Miarter l»36
DIVISIONS OF TIIK STATE.
O
00
s
s
is-
is
o
o
c-i
H
>•
>.
c
3
O
X?
o
«
O
o
(C
!:«
s
fa
u
o
:«
^
5:
ct
>•
0
<u
»
•A
a,
O
X
•—
1
*:
«
u
.M
c
o
c
C 1
>
o
o
«
h
> '
7| 16 4 16
I ' '
9 15 1 11
2 10 3 4
: i I
18 41 8 31
9 19
6 11
I
8 25
I
23 55
3 19
I
27 12 23
I i I
31 13 21
I i !
19 3 10
77 28 54
46 16 14' 150
7 21 8j 19:
. -.1
131
19
12
117 27
1
11
73
9
19 i
321
55
42
150
21
24
98
15
11
186
27
19
434
63
54
9! 22
8 121 0
I i
4 211 3
I I
9 19 6^ 16 44
Wiiolf Year l3,278
21
52
9
:«'
7
25
2
9
15
20
6
22
3
12
2
11
42
48
26
25 57 10. 42116
87 20.-) 39 150 39
' I I I
12
5
11
20
11
25
34
50
14
34
15
38
s
17
2.53
210
162
625
239
212
421
872
95 14 9' 19r)
106 19 7 -i-n
1571 26 19' 314
3581 59 35
167| 26, 16
183 18 19
I i
103 7 21
730
321
■1\1
37 89 4.->3 51 .">(> '.Mil
14.S -.iTtt l..")(lti 228 1S7 3. 1.'.7
10
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table Y.— DEATHS, 1898.
Arranged by Months, Sexes, and Divisions of the State.
SEX.
Whole State.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE.
MONTHS.
c
o
o
3
m
fQ
c
3
O
o
S
o
a
>>
s
o
>
o
;-<
CL,
>>
o
<o
o
s
p
O
C
a
O
o
1
O
o
a
o
bSl
a
'i
O
a
CO
January
Males
287
6
17
6
10
49
11
28
112
18
21
9
Females —
253
9
21
4
10
50
5
18
105
7
18
6
Total
540
15
38
10
20
99
16
46
217
25
39
15
February
Males
WP,
7
16
8
9
49
10
17
108
25
8
6
Females ....
242
4
18
1
18
41
4
13
105 16
15
7
Total
505
11
34
9
27
90
14
30
213
41
23
13
March
Males
Females
315
267
14
10
12
19
11
9
14
12
47
42
13
6
26
16
129
113
22
22
21
14
fi
4
Total
582
24
31
20
26
89
19
42
242
44
35
10
April
Males
Females
307
2G9
5
9
26
26
6
5
9
12
50
46
14
13
28
24
129
96
18
26
12
10
10
2
Total
576
14
52
11
21
96
27
52
225
44
22
12
Mav
Males
281
1'^
'>S
9
6
35
7
15
129
94
8
13
Females
287
15
23
2
22
35
14
23
117
19
12
5
Total
568
27
46
11
28
70
21
38
246
43
20
18
June
Males
Females
280
219
15
10
17
12
1
2
15
22
36
25
10
3
29
18
115
94
14
13
20
15
8
5
Total
499
25
29
3
37
61
13
47
209
27
35
13
July
Males ....
295
7
•>o
18
31
9
30
130
■^l
18
6
Females —
300
12
20
3
9
36
10
28
148
17
15
2
Total
595
19
40
8
27
67
19
58
278
S8
33
8
I SOS.
DCATrrs,
n
Taule Y.— deaths.— ( 'ontiim.Ml.
\ rriim/rd J)// .]fi)ii/lis, Sr.rrs, diid Dicisioii^ of iJir SInlr.
SEX.
Au":ust.
September.
October
DIVISIONS OP THE STATE.
Males . . .
Females .
Total....
Males
Females . .
Total
372
358
730
348
325
G73
Males 258
Females — ! 285
-Total 543
XDveiiiber Males j 25(5
I Females — 253
Total .509
DtH't'Uibcr Males ! 202
>>
a
o .
og
o
o
; . *
j^
CJ
o o
c
s
r
is
<u
(D
V
^
K
^
a
o
<->m
03
Si
^
fe
1>
- o
^
0,^
"3
^
o
a
S
<D
CL
o
a,
Females ! 293 7
Total
585
13
Wliole Year. . . Males ' 3,5.54 99
Females. . . . 3,351 113
I
Total (),905 212
38
31
69
38
30
68
22
18
40
14
20
34
15
20
35
14
211 58
17j 52
38110
34100 24 41
13 40; 6 20
' i I
7j 13 39 8, 32
' I
15 26 79; 14 52
9j 18
3 9
31 4 27
12
27
91 17
7 21
16; 38
26| 3
571 7
40 9
I
91 169 518118 280
258
258
516145 349996 218 54:3
144 .34
1
1.50 29
294 63
147| 16
135 23
I
282 39
j
106 12
I
114 20
220 32
i
106 1()
1
125 20
231 36
15 11
16 8
34I 19
i
I
15 7
16 8
31 15
24 1 4
19 7
4S 11
i
9 13
i
12! 6
21
19
l:!4 1.") IT 1:;
138: 11
272
26
1,489 235
i
54 180 478 100 263| 1,440 223
I I
2,929458
1(1 4
33 17
I
191 10(i
178; (54
369170
12
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTEATIOX REPORT.
[189?
Table YI.— DEATHS, 1898.
Exhibiting the Whole Number, the Proportion to Population, and
Number of each Sex, in every Town and Division of the State.
TOWNS
AND DIVISIONS OP THE STATE.
BaiTiiieton.
Bristol.
Warren
Bristol County.
Coventry.
East Greenwich.
West Green wicli
Warwick.
Kent Coukty.
Jamestown.
Little Compton.
Middletown .
Newport City
New Shoreham.
Portsmouth .
19
1,755
109
7,039
84
5,301
212
14,095
81
5,102
53
3,216
9
675
373
24,143
516
33,136
12
930
17
1,128
15
1,494
349
22,116
17
1,307
28
1,780
15.5
15.8
15.0
15.9
16.5
13.3
15.4
15.6
12.9
1.5.1
10.0
15.8
13.0
15.7
DEATHS.
Sex.
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males. . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males...
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
* Geometrically estimated.
R08.]
hi: ATMS.
13
Tadle A'l.— deaths, 185)8.— Continued.
K.rJiihitint/ the Xinnher of Deaths in each Period of Life, in every
Town and Dirision of the State.
Periods op
Life.
c
2
o
o
CO
o
d
O
1
in
0
o
2
to
o
d
o
g
o
S
2
o
in
3
8
7
3
3
11
1:5
2
4
2
3
d
i-
c
o
2
3
14
8
5
5
21
10
10
8
1
3
o
a
o
i
i
>
o
-a
§
o
■6
o
c
1
1
3
3
5
4
9
3
2
2
3
1
1
6
1
4
2
11
2
4
2
1
1
2
4
9
3
8
11
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
l->
1
2
2
4
3
G
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
3
4
.5
10
8
2
3
8
4
1
1
27
17
38
25
4
5
2
5
7
10
6
1
2
4
3
1
9
7
20
13
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
q
1'^
2
2
1
1
!•>
1
2
2
4
1
1
1
2
■T)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
■J 2
14
y
1
1
1
s
4
1
1
1
1
19
10
30
22
....
(iO
13
12
14
14
8
3
9
5
1
3
3
3
2
1
3
5
7
5
7
1
2
1
3
1
4
(i
0
9
7
14
12
19
1
6
14
11
18
1
13
8
U)
12
1
10
18
14
25
1
1
2
(■>.")
77
7S
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
20
1(5
3
1
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
l(i
17
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
17
1
1
2
1
17
24
1
40
8
9
1
3
3
3
3
(i
2
1
2
3
4
1
10
9
1
3
3
22
13
3
1
1
1
8
14
1
1
3
1
1
')
3
1
1
14
fORTY-STXTH IlEGISTRATIO]Sr REfOET.
[1898.
Table VI.— DEATHS, 1898.— Continued.
Exhibiting the Whole Number, the Projjortion to Population, and
Number of each Sex, in every Town and Division of the State.
TOWNS
AND DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
Tiverton
l^EWPORT County.
Burrillville.
Central Falls.
Cranston.
Cumberland.
East Providence.
roster
Glocester
Johnston.
Lincoln ,
Korth Providence .
I^orth Smith field.
Pawtucket
qj O
Providence City 2,929
56
3,038
18.4
494
31,793
15.5
95
5,830
16.3
218
17,462
12.5
172
10,284
16.7
146
8,932
16.3
123
11,432
10.8
17
1,129
15.1
27
1,549
17.4
130
12,. 529
10.4
115
9,213
12.5
35
2,820
12.4
52
2,743
18.9
543
36,088
15.0
929
154,333
19.0
DEATHS.
Sex.
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males. . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
* Geometrically estimated.
I8n8.]
UKATIIS.
15
Taklk VI.— deaths, IH'JH.-Coiitiiinod.
hj.vhihiftiKj the Nuvihrr of Deaths in ectrJi Period of Life, in every
Town (inil Division of Hie S((tle.
Pbkiods of Life.
oj
CO
•*
o
O
o
-
ej
eo
14
4S
17
14
10
9
1
4
1
s
1
2
1 '
(is
4
.")S
14
7
8 '
4'.»
88
.S4
22
04
(i.5
2(5
11
IC
o
o
<D
<N
O
O
o
o
in
o
i;3 ^
41
1
1
15
15
2
8
3
1
111
■_'i)
IS r
2
2
30
17
3
2
()
8
25
19
10
4
IS
h
o
>
o
o
o
•a
o
o
o
e
g
p.
s
s
18
II I in |;
;>
2
(5
8
2
1
27
20
37
2(5
80
2(5 '
4
8
7
8
4
4
1
18
17
2 ^
.")
11
4 :
.")
10
i
11 !
9
18
9
10
4
(5
.^
12
5
7
8
12
8
2
0
2
2
1
2
1
5
3
2
8
4
(5
7
4
(5
^!
8
4
7
y
5
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
7
1
2
88
42
25
21
37
85
1(51
144
107
1(58
15G
182
1
2
19
1
4 !.
2 |.
18 '
8 j
51 !
m
7 I 1
3
11
16
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTKATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table VI.— DEATHS, 1898.— Continued.
Exhibiting the Whole Number, the Proportion to Popidatioyi, and
Number of each Sex, in every Town and Division of the State.
TOWNS
AND DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
*
J3
a>
o
O
1i
ce
^
o
o
H
Oh
Scituate. . .
Smitlifield.
WOONSOCKKT ,
53 3,492 15.2
31 2,325 I 13.3
458
Providence Covnty 5,144 307,752
27,591
Charlestown
Exeter.
Hopkinton .
Narras'ansett
Xorth Kinastown.
South Kinsstown
Richmond.
Westerly.
Washington County
State Institutions .
15 964
13 869
49
2,679
16.6
16.7
15.6
14.9
18.3
13 1,302 i 10.0
63
4,571
13.8
83 5,376 15.4
24
109
1,623 14.8
8,049
13.5
369 2.5,433 14.5
170
2,204 i 77.1
i
DEATHS.
Sex.
Males . . .
Females
Males...
Eemales
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males. . .
Females
* Geometrically estimated.
1808.]
i)i;.\Tiis.
17
T.MJLK VI.— DEATHS, 18!)8.-Coiitiiino(l.
KxhihituKj llic Xiimher of Deallis in each I'criod of Life, in erertj
Town and Division of the Slate.
Periods op Life.
ni
o
o
o
o
d
d
O
o
o
O
O
O
O
•«>
in
OJ
n
«
to
3 i
1 '
12 I
11
140
124
2
5
53
54
41
30
4
2
29
22
8
9
73
65
3
2
46
30
20
15
16 ! 14
24 I 17
m 222 199 223
68 220 224 195
14
8
11
15
17
4
2
2
2
0
5
15
15
14
17
19
274
258
7
1
13
9
17
13
4
2
2
2
15
19
264
'-77
1
1
29
28
15
It;
d
00
2
80 to 90.
90 and over.
i
t
a
s
'>
0
5
2
3
7
102
133
9
,
15
11
221
226
4
1
2
1
11
29
1
1
'?
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2
8
3
0
1
6
1
3
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2
7
3
7
9
2
3
6
8
5
4
1
2
1
2
IS
5
6
26
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44
i:.
II
2
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2
1
18
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOJST REPORT.
[T898.
Table VI.— DEATHS, 1898.— Continued.
( RECAPITULATION. )
Exhibiting the Whole Number, the Proportion to Population, and
Number of each Sex, in every Division of the State.
DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
Bristol County.
Kent County.
]S'ewpoet County^
Providence County.
Washington County
State Institutions .
Whole State.
o
1
„'0
a
U^
o
as
!^
ft
CS
X O
0
^^
a
ai-i
o
<B O
PM
fi
212 14,095 ; 15.0
510 33,1.36 15.6
494
31,793 15.5
5,144 307,152
369
170
6,905
25,433
2,204
DEATHS.
Sex.
j Males . . .
! Females
! Males . . .
Females
Males . . .
Females
16.7
14.5
77.1
414,413 16.7
Males 2,640
Females
Males . . .
Females
Males...
Females
Males . . .
Females
^03
99
113
258
2.58
260
234
2,504
191
178
106
64
3,5.54
3,351
i
SOS.
DF.ATirs.
]'.)
Taule VI.— deaths, 1808.— Coiitimi(!.l.
( i!i;(Ai'i'rii,.\'n<)\.)
Kd-hilntiiKj lite yiniiJicr of Deailis in each Period of Life, iv evrnj
Division of the State.
Pbbioss of Life.
u
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&
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m
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78
r,o
48
675
548
27
22
3
4
857
722
14
14
140 53
124
168
160
68
68
89
52
4! 2
11
83
77 30 01
12
19
15
15
222
220
14
8
8
3
275
30
25
17
19
199
223
224
195
11
15
15
15
17
14
3
5
270
301
288
257
14
25
26
274
258
13
9
17
13
21
16
30
22
20
30
264
277
29
28
15
16
356 379
344 389 329
10
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25
37
7
10
20
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226
44
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15
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26
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7
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202! 4;;
20
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTEATIOK REPORT.
[1898.
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FORTY-SIXTH EEGtSTRATlON REPORT.
[1898.
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FORTY-SIXTH KEGISTKATION REPOIIT.
[1898.
180S.]
CAUSES OF DEATFr.
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26
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT.
[1898.
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CAl'SES OF DEATir.
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28
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT.
[1898.
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FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTEATIOK REPORT.
[]898.
a
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and not
over, .stated.
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CAUSES OF DEATH.
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CAUSKS OF nEAtil.
31
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FORTY-SIXTH RECTistllATiOK EEPORT.
[1898.
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1898.]
CAUSES OK DKATII,
39
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§11
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3 b£
5 Pi
40
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
a
o
00
CO
ft
fin
O
GQ
P
Q
•ivxox
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I-H
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00
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not
stated.
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•
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and
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to 70.
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CAUSES OF 1) MAT II.
41
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43
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
I o
CO tH 1-i t~ tH iH I— I
CM iH tH
(M O T-H Cq lO
CM
CO
<M rH ■ i-H '^ CO »0 "* r-l CO CXi 05
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1898.]
CAUSES OF DEATH.
43
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T— 1
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and
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44
FORTY-SIXTH EEGlSTEATlOl^ REPORT.
[1898.
05
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1898.]
CAUSES OF DEATH.
45
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CO U5 CO rH
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COTH'^C^THCqCOrH'THCSOCCTHi-li-li-lr-li-ltHOqCM
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[1898.
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1898.]
CAUSES OF DEATH.
47
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48
PORTY-SIXTH REGISTEATIOK REPORT.
[1898.
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1— 1 I— 1 I— 1 00
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not
stated.
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CAUSES OF DEATH.
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1808. J
CAUSES OF DEATH.
49
50
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIO:sr REPORT.
[1898.
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CLASSIFICATION' AND ['ERCf-NTAGf:.
51
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FORTY-SIXTH EEGlSTRATlOIsr RT<:POKT.
[1898.
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1898.
CLASSTFTCATION' AND I'i:i;( lA'TAfi ll.
53
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54
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
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FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATIOK REPORT.
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64
rOKTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPOB.T.
[1898.
Table X. — Causes of Deaths Registered in Rhode Island,
CAUSES OP DEATH.*
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
1
ALL CAUSES
1,S91
1,806
1,970
2,225
2,510
2,793
2,447
SPECIFIED CAUSES
1,176
1,655
1,782
1,919
2,222
2,483
2,184
[CLASSES.]
I.
ZYMOTIC DISEASES
504
604
682
820
924
1,124
915
J]
CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES
67
58
68
88
106
112
96
III.
IV.
V.
LOCAL DISEASES
834
308
63
580
357
56
476
482
74
440
510
61
549
561
82
564
596
87
552
DEVELOPMENT \L DISEASES
532
VIOLENT DEATHS
89
[GROUPS.]
J
489
588
668
804
891
1,088
887
2. DiETio Diseases
14
11
8
15
29
26
23
3. Parasitic Diseases
1
5
6
1
4
10
5
II
1. Diathetic Diseases
67
58
68
88
106
112
96
Diseases of—
III.
101
90
126
117
158
165
164
29
40
65
43
67
67
64
46
62
72
93
93
101
94
4. Digestive Organs
14«
376
186
158
188
198
196
5. Ueinart Organs
6
4
13
10
26
17
33
6. Organs of Generation
4
3
5
2
7
3
1
2
7
6
6
9
2
3
9
9
3
2
9. Organs of Special Sense. Eye and Ear...
Developmental Diseases op—
IV
122
10
58
18
255
7
67
«8
342
9
84
47
362
14
76
58
376
13
119
53
403
24
114
,55
.358
14
117
4. Diseases of Nutrition
43
V.
57
53
57
56
73
73
79
2. Battle
3. Homicide
3
9
1
1
1
1
4. Suicide
3
3
8
4
8
13
9
15
20
19
14
30
14
22
100
131
169
292
258
296
341
* still-born Included in this table.
1898.
CAUSKS OK I) i: A III.
(J5
Fur each uf the FuHij-lSix 1 ea/-.s-, isr,.; lo is'JS.
I860.
1861.
1862.
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868
8,124
1869.
1870. 1871.
1872.
1878.
1874.
i
1875.
1876.
1
2,8531 8,078
8,714
8,818
8,498
8.582
8,142
8,052^
8,602
8,472
3,567
4,449 4,681
1
4,506 4,!568
4.840
S,6-.i8
2,858
2,505
3,081
8,255
8,335
2,938
2,827
2.788
3,251
8,270
3,275
8,986
4,344
4,297
4,800
4.095
1,073
1,108
1,032
1.278
1,477
1,.54.<1
1,172
1,003
1.093
1,413
1.268
1,265
1,.S77
1,689
1,690
1,657
1,613
131
126
122
141
123
139
132
123
130
144
167
151
I87j 198
155
193
190
• 632
768
660
925
855
835
804
809
666
758
767
844
1,081 1,090
1.103
1.104
1.110
657
653
584
612
684
715
698
710
784
810
985
890
1,195 2,211
1.199
1,175
1.020
135
108
107
125
116
103
132
122
115
122
139
125
146
1.56
150
171
153
1,038
1,156
1,002
1,235
1,437
1,525
1,160
1,043
1,076
1,390
1,242
1,235
1,353
1,670
1,662
1,632
1,581
29
34
24
36
31
10
7
11
11
20
20
19
23
14
25
18
27
5
8
0
7
9
8
5
9
6
3
6
11
1
5
8
7
5
131
126
122
. 141
123
139
132
123
130
144
167
151
187
198
155
193
199
170
212
170
203
217
202
207
2J5
208
238
249
277
299
351
812
386
.346
73
108
113
99
124
99
117
115
116
128
120
146
190
193
217
191 168
110
119
104
140
140
127
99
92
74
90
106
123
150
156
164
191 191
233
261
280
427
326
364
333
285
194
232
217
220
387
267
283
263 284
29
27
25
35
28
26
29
43
46
40
48
57
77
85
85
85 69
1
9
1
3
1
4
1
1
2
1
5
8
3
l' 2
5
15
8
9
7
5
5
6
12
11
15
5
11
18
15
16
27
11
17
9
9
12
8
13
22
14
8
"
16
12
17
24
16
23
476
440
371
390
436
498
454
455
515
523
647
566
857
844
853
884
071
13
19
23
21
23
18
24
26
22
27
28
34
86
29
44
35
30
116
122
143
161
193
152
178
188
206
217
204
232
233
254
223
216
241
52
62
47
40
42
47
42
41
41
52
56
58
69
84
79
90
78
119
93
91
7
104
8
106
2
90
1
119
1
102
97
105
107
....
106
126
145
128
143
131
4
3
1
5
2
1
5
2
5
2
3
'
4
12
12
8
18
6
12
11
15
18
15
27
19
18
8
18
26
18
37
18
21
20
34
40
83
30
48
51
59
1
43
87
70
1 ^'
56
32
188
202
188
! 217
209
207
171
105
888
800
1
137
249
i
376 817
152
1
an?
!
213
66
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRiVTION" REPORT.
[1898.
Table X. — Causes of Deaths Registered in Rhode Island
CAUSES OF DEATH.*
1877,
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
IV.
V.
ALL CAUSES
SPECIFIED CAUSES.
[CLASSES.]
ZYMOTIC DISEASES
CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
LOCAL DISEASES
DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES.
VIOLENT DE A-THS
[GROUPS.]
1. Communicable Diseases . . .
8. DiETic Diseases. . .
3. Parasitic Diseases
1. Diathetic Diseases.
Diseases or—
1 . Nervous System
2. Organs of Circulation
3. Respiratory Organs
4. Digestive Organs
5. Urinary Organs
6. Organs of Generation
7. Organs of Locomotion
8. Integumentary System
9. Organs of Special Sense. Eye and Ear.
Developmental Diseases of—
1 . Children
2. Women
3. Old People
4. Diseases op Nutrition
1. Accident or Negligence.
3. Battle
3. Homicide
4. Suicide
4,692
4,444
1,819
231
1,817
1,015
163
1,794
17
231
375
187
191
335
98
4
15
18
4,
4,430
2,000
185
1,126
1,978
16
6
185
361
172
206
264
92
1
10
20
4,386
1,867
221
1,845
926
127
414
208
203
270
113
20
17
5,021
4,742
1,970
205
1,
1,122
157
1,949
21
205
415
237
210
278
119
7
15
5,280
4,871
1,87
239
1,461
1,119
182
29
2
239
481
271
238
324
110
3
11
684
13^
648
26
228
64
135
591
220
79
113
706
36
273
107
247
82
5,327
5,011
1,776
213
1,553
1,254
215
1,742
32
2
213
484
252
214
43
118
6
25
17
Causes ill-defined ,
Causes not stated.
49
210
843
22
283
106
178
45
254
233
* Still-born included in this table.
1808.] CAUSES OF DEATH. fJ7
For each of the Fortij-Six Yecus, 1S'>3 to 1S08. — Continued.
1884. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1880. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1 80S.
5,413 5,660 6,142 6,61G
5,852 5,544 6.053 6,5C2
1.808 1,924 2,121 2,394
2%; 26J 264
1,863
1,370 1.260
221 201
1,877
47
2,013 2,174
1.443 1.506
6,889
6,81
2,.S35
307
2,258
1,
213
2-^4 216
2,084 2,34'
296 262
527
358
299
393
215
14
84
23
843
267
122
178
22 20
57
598
333
305
495
222
12
26
22
1,000
31
270
136
194
3
17
89
46
1
264
613
411
346
527
220
14
23
20
1,053
29
278
146
206
2
16
35
2,294
40
1
307
642
442
363
516
244
10
15
26
6,588
6,500
2,025
312
2.274
1,646
243
1.949
74
2
1,21
33
290
159
190
5
21
46
59
19 38
554
467
402
541
272
10
18
10
1,161
27
22
231
216
3
24
49
7,330
7,142
2,437
299
2,356
1,789
271
2,365
61
1
299
612
413
423
553
300
8
25
22
6,892
6,823
2,201
283
2,331
1,731
274
1894. 1895.11896. 1897.
7,739 7,852 7,553 7,902 7,928
I !
7,677 7,753,7,495 7,819 7.853
2,464 2,548 2,425 3.563
805 325
2,596
1,980
332
2,130 2,405
59
283
607
485
378
513
300
15
20
13
1,325
26
198
240
250
2
19
39 43
305
660
509
2,701
1.891
2.427
291 300 285
I
2,672 2,814:2,870
1,819
288
1,812
1,935
336
2,465 2.366 2.525 2.381
82
1
325
535
4651 438
595 628
325 877
38
291 300
748
476
363
790
535
383
46
23
185
217
2as
1
40
35
34
4
256
241
309
600 581
397 431
1,467 1,497
50
183
191
62
18'
73
264 284
19
34 81
285
760
556
371
595
472
53
22
1,490 1,598
40 44
283
68' 55
6S
•,533
■,488
3.292
304
2,818
1,758
361
2,348
44
304
7.318
7,274
2,039
315
2,897
1
1,963
56
ToTai. Awn Pm-
CINTAOI
roR 45 ritRx,
18:>3-1«97.
315
784 i
551 '
283
647
54'
209.606 100.00
200,548 95.04
73.571
8,796
61,40»i
49,098
7,077
72.004
1,395
172
393
296
40
39
1,457
48
253
26;)
20
35
1,408
49
311
296
SO
24
,790
17,335
10.735
9.311
16.076
6.186
409
652
666
36
34.&51
1.301
9.125
8,821
6.703
14
137
823
1,680
7,468
:35.09
4.19
29.29
33.41
3. 60
34.34
.67
.08
4.19
8.S6
5.13
4.44
7.e7
2.95
.20
.31
.32
.02
16.62
.(-.3
4.:}5
1.82
3.20
.01
.06
.39
.80
3.50
68
POETY-SIXTH EEGISTRATIOK REPORT.
[1898.
Table X. — Continued.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
1853.
1854.
1855.
1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
I.
Group 1.
1. Varicella
2. Fever, Typhus
"'is
46
11
'"3
71
5
"is
6
....
'"3
""2
63
4
'""4
79
....
58
8
'345
....
5
1
"32
4
27
"3
3
26
33
20
8
"""s
31
1
1
63
"""2
208
9
....
12
10
....
"4
....
3
53
""ig
120
"""2
47
7
"sos
13
1
1
1
'"56
4
26
"4
4
19
39
9
14
"""e
. 30
1
1
41
""e
147
"i4
8
""e
'""2
76
15
""'9
141
"52
11
4
'466
25
"""4
3
1
""48
6
37
"'"s
7
25
42
21
16
1
8
45
2
""65
'"75
234
1
6
....
20
7
....
....
""4
42
6
""i.3
166
""3
65
11
6
"426
21
""'5
9
1
"'44
12
44
1
7
4
42
43
21
14
'"9
36
"""i
66
3. Measles
3
4. Scarlet Fever
108
14
71
5. Small Pox*
5
6. Diphtheria
7. Qiiinsyt
20
8. Tonsilitis
""8
2
9. Carbuncle
1
10 Erysipelas
3
2
....
15
11. Fever. Puerperal
11
12. Septicemia —
13. Glanders
14 Hydrophobia
1
15. Malignant Postule
6
16. Meningitis, Cerebro-Spinal
17. Tetanus
'3
"39
1
"u
54
3
18. Cholera
19. Fever, Malarial
20 Fever, Remittent+
1
25
2
'"2
48
1
21. Fever, Typhoid^
70
3
23. Parotitis
34. Pertussis
""46
135
26. Gonorrhoea
27. Syphilis
1
33
6
"46
5
....
349
10
1
4
1
"31
6
18
""2
1
19
25
6
6
5
28. Hydrocephalus (Tubercular Meningitis)
29 Scrofula
56
8
.30 Tabes Mesenterica
2
31. Tubercular Enteritis
32. Tubercular Meningitis
33. Tubercular Peritonitis
34. Tuberculosis, General
35 Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
243
14
436
Group 2.
1. Alcoholism— Delirium Tremens, Intemperance
2. Inanition ,
22
8. Purpura and Scurvy
1
Group 3.
1 Thrush
1
"4.5
2
13
1
4
2
28
22
12
4
3
11.
Group 1.
1. Gout
"4i
2
43
3
7
III.
Group 1.
20
51
2. Apoplexy and Paralysis . \
38
16
2
4
31
"34
2
'"38
6
41
7. Ne7"ve Diseases
Group 2.
1
1
28
1
6ff
* Includes 8 cases of Chicken Pox. + Includes Mumps. t Includes Yellow Fever.
§ Includes Bilious, Typhus, and Continued Fevers.
iSflS. I CAUSES OF DMATH. 09
Causes of DeaUis Registered in Rhode Island.
I860.
1801.
1862.
1868.
1864.
1865.
1806.
1867
1868.
1809.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
■■"8
"ii
"12
".30
"26
"i6
"i.5
"12
"26
"19
"26
""0
"24
"0.3
"'7
■"2
"4
04
57
47
91
206
255
28
14
93
280
75
00
54
287
402
1K5
80
9
5
7
12
22
2
1
2
3
6
12
25
28
8
4
1
67
140
81
155
100
82
04
81
20
83
33
57
48
45
59
38
l.^9
3
....
2
1
"2
....
1
"2
8
"1
"'2
1
....
....
"i
aii
14
ii
14
28
21
10
25
25
14
21
18
23
39
20
21
18
U
14
....
3
14
13
7
"1
8
12
10
"2
16
....
18
9
....
17
....
16
3
"1
18
1
....
18
"2
0
5
1
4
3
1
3
14
23
62
10
13
7
5
5
8
4
....
0
3
47
2
3
3
3
2
"2
5
5
8
2
8
5
2
1
H
1
1
2
1
1
1
68
94
84
128
110
283
152
126
86
100
157
1.30
190
172
121
ISO
123
2
3
0
5
1
1
2
1
1
2
6
"46
45
"is
24
31
"56
28
12
26
"48
89
"25
"27
"32
"45
"si
"48
lea
103
147
174
201
175
193
172
1
191
190
182
218
229
234
250
400
1
339
2
5
3
2
5
2
5
5
3
5
0
9
3
7
8
8
K
63
50
47
49
63
50
41
57
70
51
71
44
.52
51
57
08
14
14
13
14
12
5
9
3
11
19
22
9
20
20
21
18
3
3
3
7
2
2
2
10
4
5
5
7
3
4
'
"e
"'4
"16
"9
"ia
"io
"24
"23
"is
"21
"h
"is
505
523
sis
si'j
498
547
520
503
517
555
577
585
000
584
536
657
000
26
30
22
32
27
10
7
10
10
18
17
ir
23
14
22
17
21
3
4
2
4
4
1
1
"2
""3
"2
"3
....
5
S
4
4
3
8
5
2
a
4
3
4
11
5
2
5
4
3
4
2
4
1
3
3
1
2
2
i
1
2
1
"56
"48
"46
"52
"45
"ei
"49
"49
"49
".53
"oi
"50
".55
"ofl
"S9
"50
"06
5
3
4
12
4
3
3
2
4
4
2
0
4
3
2
4
2
44
58
1
61
62
61
1
55
04
2
58
60
00
80
66
1
95
5
100
1
87
1
106
io
10
7
8
5
12
4
7
0
4
7
9
7
11
5
10
11
16
6
4
7
7
8
10
7
11
17
17
18
21
17
22
26
14
41
43
80
54
49
39
46
52
40
54
42
44
57
109
60
66
80
51
57
43
02
54
55
56
72
57
09
(!4
77
.58
07
70
67
95
32
40
.30
81
42
45
36
52
54
48
00
79
07
67
86
99
70
11
13
7
10
15
20
IS
14
13
14
18
16
20
19
13
32
19
4
11
6
6
8
7
4
12
5
5
4
"io
"is
15
16
20
12
81
48
42
40
54
86
62
43
88
48
55
51
78
74
67
52
70
8
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
4
2
69
105
111
90
123
98
116
114
116
128
117
144
189
191
216
187
166
10
fowiY-^stxTHi rectIsTeaTiok report.
Table X;: — Continued^
[1898.
5
CAUSES OF DEATH.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
I.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
20.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
1.
2.
8.
1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1,
2
S.
Group 1.
Varicella
"si
86
1
435
3
"'17
17
3
""3
"ii
8
....
136
"54
317
'4
70
13
6
"27
685
15
....
4
2
"38
2
119
1
9
16
81
102
86
22
'"s
62
'"e
166
"sii
1
259
....
25
9
2
"io
6
"2
101
4
"43
311
"io
57
13
3
"'36
645
15
....
1
1
"'56
8
125
1
13
24
79
137
83
17
'"i.3
85
....
207
""9
468
"i52
1
""17
15
"26
3
" "4
141
"'26
364
"io
46
12
3
""i2
652
15
""'e
"37
8
125
2
9
24
88
119
96
19
3
14
76
"'"2
235
"'37
1.38
3
216
2
"'"2
37
22
1
....
18
8
9
117
3
"68
327
2
4
56
15
8
"'39
712
24
2
3
1
1
"'47
4
145
"'14
29
107
146
101
32
"13
82
""'2
269
"""e
45
2
101
....
30
28
....
28
8
"'"s
"2i4
1
"7i
344
'"ie
49
14
4
""27
744
27
1
4
2
""56
4
133
""e
21
95
154
111
23
'"i4
87
2
250
Fever, Typhus
Measles
"ii
62
5
492
4
'"3
21
17
14
Scarlet Fever
34
Small Pox* .'
2
Diphtheria
95
Quinsy t
3
Tonsilitis
Carbuncle
Erysipelas
""3
28
16
SeptiCcemia
3
1
2
2
8
5
Hydrophobia
26
Tetanus
8
Cholera
1
21
Fever Remittents
123
1
239
32
226
2
10
55
11
10
9
Pneumonia
400
Syphilis
18
Hydrocephalus (Tubercular Meningitis)
54
22
5
Tubercular Enteritis
Tubercular Laryngitis
Tubercular Meningitis
"25
665
12
29
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
766
Group 2.
Alcoholism— Delirium Tremens, Intemperance
Inanition
29
10
5
8
3
Group 3.
Thrush ,
2
Worms
II.
Group 1.
Gout
63
1
135
47
Ansemia
7
169
Noma (Canker)
1
Mortification (Gangrene)
8
24
81
109
73
12
1
19
81
9
Rheumatism
27
III.
Group 1.
Cephalitis
91
157
Apoplexy and Paralysis. -
118
Insanity
29
Chorea
1
18
Brain Diseases, etc ,
86
JSerm Diseases
Group 2.
Pericarditis
17
4
183
8
Heart Diseases, etc
308
* Includes 8 cases of Chicken Pox. t Includes Mumps. % Includes Yellow Fever.
§ I ncludes Bilious, Typhus, and Continued Fevers.
1898.]
CAUSES OF DKATII.
71
Cau-sea of Deaths lieij inter ed in Rhode IsUind.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
"i32
260
287
8
""s
32
25
18
....
....
24
7
"83
2
116
"ai
488
1
13
51
21
6
"29
710
16
28
2
1
1
39
16
159
"is
34
112
206
122
64
1
17
91
29
5
377
1888
1889.
1890.
1891.
1
1892. 1893. 1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
Total akd P«r.
CKNTAOK
FOH 45 rKAlU,
18ja-Il>97.
"is
97
'ii9
1
"'•i
25
12
13
"■3
21
5
"29
'i28
2
"43
363
56
20
15
".%
739
30
1
2
1
40
156
5
10
34
78
182
116
.36
"ii
83
"3
290
"45
91
"99
1
....
36
19
10
....
16
4
"34
105
2
"42
465
1
7
47
18
7
"43
783
22
2J
3
"44
6
193
"19
33
94
185
104
35
"23
86
10
4
344
"is
88
228
1
"2
31
10
10
"io
8
"4.3
"121
"49
481
1
12
54
23
19
"41
827
12
20
3
2
1
47
15
159
"e
34
104
2:W
107
49
a
14
92
21
a
310
"ii
207
'igi
4
"si
18
24
....
2
22
9
"69
2
224
7
"44
508
2
11
50
12
13
"32
800
. 16
19
5
....
"47
13
193
"i9
35
133
211
156
43
a
16
81
23
6
413
"29
51
'ilM
7
"28
17
8
"2
1
9
7
"ss
2
135
4
"77
483
1
13
58
17
11
"46
727
37
30
7
2
2
44
21
189
3
23
80
109
210
113
22
1
19
80
29
7
431
"62
16
1
211
10
"2
22
19
14
"i?
107
168
"76
569
"is
72
11
11
36
852
25
31
5
"i
"46
19
16.T
4
20
45
172
242
99
30
"23
46
27
8
378
"12
33
1
102
6
"2
26
12
12
i
"io
3
"29
2
149
177
568
3
8
66
21
12
"52
740
29
37
3
2
"35
20
177
1
15
85
178
aio
116
21
1
27
45
33
5
447
"28
67
4
89
6
"4
25
80
13
....
18
6
"34
2
1.S3
336
"25
655
"i4
62
18
26
"56
759
36
22
1
".39
16
181
"'ii
48
167
2:w
124
27
"25
79
19
3
487
'ioo
193
'is?
6
"■3
31
7
11
"i
40
8
""e
4
129
85
"23
776
1
16
53
13
8
72
722
47
30
5
"i
1
39
23
205
"ii
40
137
276
131
39
4
12
75
8
17
4
514
"'9
123
2
133
5
"3
27
10
7
1
2
"is
6
"36
"ieo
166
"iao
665
"io
51
12
n
"so
705
39
14
5
1
.2
7
20
214
"13
85
145
289
156
49
1
19
76
13
4
37
435
1
54
107
'346
"7
3
20
15
....
11
12
"29
"i25
115
3
45
085
1
15
.58
13
5
"7
8
46
799
24
11
3
'29
234
"37
2
|4.S0
72
T
20
252
13
8
.520
2
".58
53
'288
"3
2
17
10
"22
4
"42
iis
42
1
59
669
"i2
17
12
7
"4
56
47
846
34
8
4
■'si
226
"28
419
19
84
21
259
8
12
6
588
"8.3
29
'23i
"'2
1
14
12
"19
2
"44
"66
153
1
56
635
"2i
16
23
12
"2
55
44
777
39
4
1
"24
254
" 'k
23
469
103
1
17
286
17
IS
4
553
"is
21
"2
2
9
22
"67
"si
"76
75
1
96
542
"23
14
5
7
14
5
57
38
765
56
>>
3
"is
279
"is
416
%
14
262
9
8
2
541
8
' i'.aos
5,860
221
8,702
80
10
56
987
596
153
2
22
83
583
231
50
588
56
5,485
1.3:37
1.742
14.652
23
319
2,400
623
280
"is
119
1.019
27,567
978
299
118
129
43
8
1.951
397
5,087
33
413
907
3.144
9.137
1.114
57
557
3,267
59
275
153
10.307
..58
2.79
.11
2.72
.04
"ios
.47
.28
.07
".'6i
.02
.25
.11
.02
.28
.03
2.62
.64
■ ■ 183
6.99
.01
.17
1.14
.:30
.13
":6i
.06
.49
13.15
.47
.14
.06
.06
.02
"!93
.19
2.42
.02
.20
.43
1.49
4.. 36
.53
.03
.26
.03
.13
.07
4.92
72
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT.
[1898.
Table X. — Continued.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
1853. 1854.
1855. 1856.
1857.
1858.
Group 3.
1. Epistaxis
3. Laryngitis
3. Bronchitis
4. Pleurisy
5. Croup
6. Asthma
7. Lung Diseases, etc.
Group 4.
1. Gastritis
2. Enteritis
3. Peritonitis
4. Ascites
5. Ulceration of Intestines
6. Hernia
7. Illeus (Appendicitis)
8. Intussusception
9. Stricture of Intestines
10. Fistula
11. Stomach Diseases
1 2. Pancreas Diseases
13. Hepatitis
14. Jaundice
15. Liver Diseases, etc
16. Spleen Diseases, etc
17. Bowel Diseases, etc
18. Diarrhoea (Cholera Morbus) .
19. Dysentery
Group 5.
1. Nephritis (Bright's Disease, etc.).
2. Ischuria
3. Diabetes
4. Calculus (Gravel, etc.)
5. Cystitis
6. Prostate Disease
7. Kidney Diseases, etc
8. Bladder Diseases, etc
Group 6.
1. Diseases of Male Organs of Generation.
2. Ovarian Diseases
3. Uterine Diseases, etc
Group
1. Arthritis
2. Joint Diseases, etc .
Group 8.
1. Phlegmon
2. Ulcer
3. Skin Diseases, etc.
Group 9.
1. Eye and Ear.
Group 1.
1. Stillborn
S. Cholera Infantum
3. Convulsions
4. Cyanosis
5. Debility (Infantile), Premature Birth, etc.
6. Teething
7. Hemorrhage, Umbilical
8. Icterus Neonatorum
Indigestion
Innutrition
Spina Bifida ,
10
11
12. Other Malformations.
5
6
2
4
215
118
124
91
53
1
34
28
183
77
64
1
17
15
185
70
57
"17
35
1898,'
CAUSES OF DKATIf.
73
Causes of Deaths Registered in Rhode Island.
I860.
1861.
1862.
1868.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1860.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1878.
1874.
1875.
i8;'6.
'"s
18
20
57
3
4
11
23
14
'"a
16
1
1
'"9
""9
7
31
'"12
48
49
1
1
8
1
2
1
15
....
""5
7
3
1
167
151
70
"42
31
"is
0
18
21
68
8
12
"24
7
.')
9
"ir
■■■4
31
■■■4
64
96
'"s
....
15
3
■"2
7
"15
11
""e
146
126
70
"45
40
"k
10
....
7
17
76
3
4
30
14
7
""%
(5
5
32
"3
66
52
■"3
1
4
'"17
1
....
'"s
4
3
2
123
106
55
2
35
39
""ii
....
17
14
97
8
3
8
27
5
7
5
"i
'"12
"2
34
1
3
61
262
""4
4
4
"23
1
"3
"9
7
"2
111
114
71
"47
34
"13
....
7
16
105
7
4
11
27
19
""3
5
1
""4
'"4
3
37
....
102
110
"is
2
"ie
4
....
" 7
9
1
2
138
133
73
"46
28
"'8
....
10
16
94
I
6
20
13
"'5
7
1
""2
"'4
3
20
1
4
90
188
....
6
3
"3
13
2
"4
""5
8
""i
177
145
73
"62
81
"io
"i
17
20
53
4
4
2
30
13
....
9
1
"'4
"'7
6
37
....
74
148
8
"'e
2
""8
5
....
5
8
2
3
172
110
88
"54
23
"12
....
19
10
50
4
2
9
34
11
"'6
11
2
"'8
"'.5
3
30
1
"47
lis
17
....
3
"15
7
....
""e
15
3
4
163
117
68
"eo
30
"i?
"2
22
18
30
5
2
7
19
9
5
6
1
"'7
"4
4
23
"2
55
52
10
"ii
3
"■3
8
5
"'2
"is
10
3
2
212
154
63
"47
28
"io
""4
20
10
41
3
3
9
25
6
8
1
"2
""e
3
28
2
3
61
74
18
"e
3
""i
14
4
"ii
4
4
•
220
151
79
"84
24
"is
"2
28
12
58
8
3
10
29
8
""e
5
1
""s
"'6
2
37
""4
46
55
15
""8
1
"2
16
C
"i
"is
9
234
223
a5
"57
84
"i4
"'2
84
18
72
4
8
"36
11
"7
13
"i4
"35
....
60
43
24
"5
4
19
3
5
11
2
3
228
172
83
"58
20
"is
"2
26
12
60
4
40
16
15
24
"'2
3
1
"is
"2
3
31
"27
118
83
37
""7
5
"2
18
8
"5
"ii
10
1
1
202
391
116
"ioo
81
"ii
"'4
29
14
68
34
10
24
17
""4
5
2
1
"i.5
"2
43
2
29
77
36
39
""s
3
"'4
27
5
"3
"is
10
5
2
228
285
97
"m
50
"is
'"k
40
10
65
10
30
8
37
20
"'6
1
"33
"4
36
1
26
73
38
42
"5
4
"34
10
"'3
"is
18
3
8
27;
265
98
*i54
48
"i7
"4
58
10
96
10
18
28
29
28
....
....
"is
"'4
48
1
11
73
36
40
"ii
2
"3
35
4
....
"ic
9
3
4
246
318
100
'ias
20
"is
■"2
57
9
102
7
14
13
36
24
"7
8
"io
"5
1
39
"5
86
50
88
"5
1
■■■4
12
9
"2
27
18
8
8
224
250
89
"75
22
"ii
74
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
Table X. — Continued.
[1898.
3
CAUSES OF DEATH.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1883.
1883.
III.
Geoup 3.
'""2
67
13
96
13
12
17
34
24
"12
9
2
"13
"".5
3
44
"""2
61
44
61
"'15
1
'"4
20
12
""26
14
"3
216
161
104
'"69
32
'"19
'"k
94
17
66
11
14
18
33
24
9
""io
'"e
3
49
'"9
81
28
56
"15
'"4
35
9
'""7
""15
5
""'2
192
247
133
3
93
25
""is
'"e
86
9
101
16
20
27
44
27
"'16
10
5
""12
"""8
3
35
""'e
95
42
54
"ie
1
....
25
13
""*3
"ii
17
3
3
264
240
102
""92
28
'"26
"'"7
101
8
77
9
12
30
75
30
'"ii
8
5
'"i4
"""8
8
50
""e
124
68
44
'"is
""3
44
14
'"e
"25
14
2
1
253
325
110
"ioi
33
""2i
2
73
5
95
8
8
22
39
17
2
80
8
93
8
15
14
40
22
5
111
13
71
14
34
Group 4.
35
47
3 Peritonitis
40
1
5. Ulceration of Intestines
"'5
8
""'7
12
3
....
4
7
11
3
1
7
"e
7
39
2
1
1.30
5d
46
13
'"'5
4
40
1
4
59
40
54
'"4
1
"4
27
2
....
"16
13
2
5
248
168
112
"72
16
'"32
16
12. Pancreas Diseases
13 Hepatitis
"7
6
38
30
155
54
Group 5.
93
2
3 Diabetes
9
9
15
1
8
2
21
11
""4
7
7. Kidney Diseases^ etc
36
11
Group 6.
1, Diseases of Male Organs of Generation
'"e
20
Group 7.
15
7
2
3
242
239
83
2fi
Group 8.
18
2 Ulcer '.
1
3 Skin Diseases, etc
IV.
Group 9.
1. Eye and Ear
1. Stillborn
253
242
126
17
5. Debility (Infantile), Premature Birth, etc
6 Teething
67
27
137
30
7. Hemorrhage, Umbilical
8. Icterus Neonatorum. ,
10. Innutrition
11. Spina Bifida
"26
"19
1898.]
CAUSES OF DKATir.
75
Causes of DeciUis Registered in Rhode Island.
1
Tot*!,
KD P««-
18»4
1885
1S86
1887
1888
1889
1690
1891
1892
1893
1804
1895
1896
1897
1898
FOK *b YKAKH,
1 1853-lb»7.
1
2
1
1
5
"ii
"9
""9
8
"h
5
3
"vz
"'?
"ia
"'fl
"\h
"is
"s
223
.11
118
108
174
170
228
260
275
247
308
815
254
274
276
226
286
4,871
2.08
5
7
12
15
18
23
18
26
34
22
24
38
.S3
18
19
1 704
.34
80
94
90
113
79
80
83
67
89
50
32
80
24
17
9
8,087
1.47
10
21
15
20
18
16
23
28
12
17
21
24
21
17
12
1 454
.22
10
5
13
11
17
18
6
10
27
20
8
1
1
4
467
.22
27
29
30
34
37
42
88
25
53
47
48
62
52
62
76
924
.44
76
64
S)
43
88
78
63
71
73
68
175
194
197
180
176
2,3.38
1.12
40
85
59
66
60
63
63
68
62
74
81
1,112
.53
2
2
1
7
2
3
3
5
29
.01
1
1
'"'5
8
1
7
4
"'s
""i
"'2
"'s
37
.02
11
"16
15
13
11
10
"'ie
16
22
"is
15
19
"'s
14
28
340
.16
8
17
13
15
22
80
20
18
21
16
17
24
29
25
45
506
.24
5
4
1
3
0
2
6
2
11
4
7
7
8
8
93
.04
2
1
2
....
1
1
3
3
....
4
. . ..
....
25
.01
....
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
"*i
12
.01
16
"'22
29
84
24
33
35
"'32
""i4
1
17
19
1
23
"15
19
2
17
1
644
4
.31
'"io
""e
"'9
■"9
■"3
7
""9
7
IS
"i4
9
"io
"28
7
14
252
"!i2
5
9
2
12
12
11
15
•16
13
10
11
5
15
7
7
252
.12
40
47
60
65
53
68
56
55
61
72
78
70
69
49
80
1,787
.85
2
1
1
1
1
8
1
1
24
.01
7
'■'8
10
10
10
" "7
'"14
"is
"i7
"7i
40
37
85
"76
87
617
.29
131
104
110
151
110
114
131
112
160
162
105
79
58
62
60
3.982
1.90
40
36
66
66
77
71
87
59
71
42
41
41
31
45
38
3,098
1.48
90
143
140
130
192
176
213
1
229
2
220
2
258
266
314
3
369
379
457
3,826
16
1.82
.01
'"25
"21
"24
"22
"13
"32
27
26
37
"46
"38
40
■^i
"48
"39
644
.31
....
1
1
1
5
2
2
4
5
6
3
4
2
91
.04
7
12
"23
17
10
18
36
15
"is
22
21
16
21
16
19
278
.13
4
4
8
7
4
1
2
8
5
3
10
15
10
7
12
147
.07
39
25
24
39
21
34
16
16
39
44
47
31
27
8
14
947
.45
18
9
3
4
3
6
3
2
4
1
6
10
6
0
1
9
4
237
3
.11
""12
*"8
■■'8
""5
"5
""4
■■■4
"s
6
"9
"ii
17
"ie
"'s
"i2
141
"!67
2
6
4
9
1
5
6
1
4
2
7
1
8
2
11
5
18
1
24
87
80
24
265
18
.13
.01
■■32
"34
"'26
22
"'is
17
23
19
15
9
18
"23
"22
"is
"12
689
.80
18
21
13
15
19
7
13
6
5
1
7
24
13
29
486
.21
4
""2
6
3
1
4
7
■■"3
2
7
4
3
1
4
70
160
.03
5
"'5
"26
"io
"i2
"s
"4
.08
....
....
2
10
11
5
8
4
86
.02
272
271
298
276
295
829
296
272
343
412
892
367
424
423
418
10.561
6.04
325
279
377
355
467
427 {
582
546
633
603
496
500
545
425
468
;i 1.892
6.67
139
111
121
159
154
136 1
1.50
137
162
151
147
120
102
65
49
4.381
2.0!)
5
6
" 1
10
16
11 i
14
28
19
21
27
27
20
31
24
266
.13
128
132
157
211
230
195
225
251
245
224
373
389
883
366
248
5.446
2..')9
21
29
26
24
35
44
27
52
18
....
27
5
34
5
28
18
5
23
31
'"k
7
40
37
3
6
6
63
39
1
""21
9!
751
85
1.2.37
42
18
126!
107
.59
.02
.01
.06
.05
....
""4
"4
"h
"s
"5
"'8
5
11
9
9
68
.03
22
"is
"15
■'18
16
16
19
20
15
19
15
27
21
21
26
707
.33
76
FOETT-SIXTH REGISTEATION REPOET. [1898.
Table X. — Contimied.
CAUSES OF DEATH.
1853.
1854.
1855. 1856.
1857.
1858.
1859.
IV.
Group 2.
1. Paramenia.
2. Childbirth.
Group 3.
1. Old Age.
Group 4.
1. Atrophy and Debility
Group 1.
(Accidents or Nbgligbnce.)
1. Fractures and Contusions*
2. Burns and Scalds
3. Drowning
4. Falls
5. Poison
6. Suffocation and Strangulation
7. Otherwise
Group 2.
1. Battle.
Group 3.
1. Homicide.
Group 4.
1. Suicide.
Causes ill-defined.
Causes not stated .
58
18
28
15
100
47
131
169
58
119
53
292
24
114
117
30 14
258
296
22
* Includes railroad accidents.
1898. I CAUSES OF DEATH. 77
Causes of Deaths Reyistered in lihode Island.
I860.
1861.
1862.
1868.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1878.
1874.
1875.
1870.
1
2
13
19
22
21
21
IS
24
26
22
27
28
34
30
29
44
85
30
IIG
132
143
101
193
152
178
188
200
217
204
232
823
254
223
216
241
52
02
47
40
42
47
42
41
41
52
50
58
09
84
79
90
78
12
8
8
0
9
12
15
16
16
12
10
24
21
14
10
12
10
18
10
16
15
12
12
12
14
23
17
12
82
29
29
21
20
20
27
23
20
24
30
24
29
86
89
35
37
17
14
18
21
19
25
18
15
12
20
12
7
9
2
1
3
2
0
2
4
4
2
1
5
5
6
4
1
3
3
1
1
1
4
6
5
9
55
31
43
7
71
3
C4
2
51
1
39
1
39
35
35
33
31
51
55
87
47
47
4
3
1
5
2
1
5
2
5
2
8
4
8
4
12
12
8
13
6
12
11
15
18
15
27
19
18
8
18
26
18
37
18
21
20
34
40
33
30
48
51
59
43
87
70
57
56
32
188
202
188
817
209
807
171
195
288
800
137
849
376
217
152
20T
813
78
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION" REPORT.
Table X. — Continued.
[1898.
CAUSES OP DEATH.
1877. 1878.
1879. 1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
IV.
V.
Geotjp 2.
1. Paramenia.
2. Childbirth..
Geoup 3.
1. Old Age.
Group 4.
1 . Atrophy and Debility,
Gboup 1.
(Accidents or Negligence.)
1. Fractures and Contusions*
3. Burns and Scalds
3. Drowning
4. Falls
5. Poison
6. Suffocation and Strangulation
7. Otherwise
Group 3.
1. Battle.
Group 3.
1. Homicide.
Group 4.
1. Suicide.
Causes ill-defined.
Causes not stated.
89
22
56
198
26
210
254
36
38
107
82
22
283
106
275
130
46
233
45
347
25
22
186
* Includes railroad accidents.
1898.J CAUSKS OF DEATH. 79
Causes of DecUJis Registered in Rhode Island.
Total *iid Pnt-
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1898.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
CBNTAOI
rOB 45 YEIM,
1853-1)197.
4
2
1
1
2
4
3
23
.01
35
26
31
28
33
27
26
22
45
50
62
40
40
45
49
1.278
.61
293
267
276
278
290
227
198
185
256
183
187
197
20C
159
161
! 9,125
4.35
126
122
136
146
159
231
240
217
241
191
73
85
87
94
50
1
3,821
1.82
16
15
20
47
33
48
57
59
89
25
19
36
694
.33
20
19
23
17
27
20
20
18
21
26
28
28
25
41
21
781
.37
41
42
58
39
46
52
71
52
48
47
52
61
39
40
60
1,521
.72
31
25
19
17
18
31
32
21
33
25
28
57
48
64
58
768
.37
8
9
6
7
12
7
n
16
23
14
6
8
8
7
8
284
.14
11
10
10
14
8
9
12
17
26
14
21
22
24
22
19
313
.15
70
58
58
65
46
49
47
50
69
113
80
81
152
89
130
2,342
14
1.12
.01
2
3
2
2
5
3
o
1
4
3
9
0
2
12
13
137
.06
22
20
17
16
21
24
19
40
19
21
45
31
88
41
46
823
.39
19
57
39
85
46
49
45
35
34
31
2
31
46
20
24
1,680
.80
42
59
51
19
28
39
43
84
28
68
55
52
29
25
20
7,468
3.56
80
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION" REPORT.
[1898.
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES OF DECEDENTS.
Shoivijig the Number and Occupation of Decedents for the year
1898, and for a period of Forty-Six Years and Seven Months,
1852 to 1898, inclusive. {Ages under Tiventy excluded.)
State of Rhode Island.
J 898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
^ O
<D
Is .
51) CD
ki be
<
■^ .
I.
Tillers of the Soil.
Farmers ,
173
2
12
12,218
94
701
70.62
47.00
58.42
6,883
60
294
462,054
3,302
17,250
67.13
Florists
55.03
Gardeners
58.67
Total
187
1
13,013
48
69.59
48.00
7,237
15
1
15
38
7
1
7
2
1
52
267
1
3
43
22
14
13
15
15
482,606
522
23
871
1,954
455
25
477
' 65
58
2,587
17,045
44
173
2,247
1,117
473
492
792
991
66.69
II.
Professional and Per-
sonal.
Actors
Aeronauts
34.80
23.00
Architects
1
1
2
68
72
153
68.00
72.00
76.50
58.07
Artists
Assayers and Analytical
Chemists
51.42
65.00
Athletes
25.00
Authors , .
68.14
Ball Players
32.50
Chiropodists
58.00
Civil Engineers
Clersrvmen
2
19
1
1
3
2
2
1
5
83
1,221
44
70
120
115
93
43
289
41.50
64.26
44.00
70.00
40.00
57.50
46.50
43.00
57.80
49.75
63.84
Couriers
Dancing Masters
Dentists
44.00
57.67
52.26
Designers
50.77
Draughtsmen
Electricians
33.79
37.85
Inspectors
52.80
Inventors
66.07
'
1898.] OCCUPATIONS AND AOKS AT nEATH. 81
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Coutiuued.
State of Rhode Island.
1898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 81, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
Si
^1
to
<
<
^1
as .
bnco
<
0)
CS O)
<
Journalists (Editors and
Keporters)
Judg-es and Justices
Lawyers
3
1
5
141
66
272;
47.00
66.00:
54.40^
43
16
176
2
75
14
27
323
2
144
87
3
1
2
130
3
83
24
3
8
7
2,009
1,047
9,918
108
3,592
743
1,258
19,347
68
7,139
5,195
152
60
80
7,197
131
1,895
731
147
372
478
46.72
65.44
56.35
Tjftptnvevs
54.00
Musicians
Nurses
3
158|
52.67
47.89
53.07
Photog-raphers and Litlio-
orapliers
2
7
1
3
1
95
419
28
197
63
47.50
59.86
28.00
65.671
63.00
46.59
Physicians
59.90
Postmasters
34.00
Professors and Teachers. .
Public Officers
Publishers
49.58
59.71
50.67
Scientists .
:
60.00
Sculptors
1 1
40.00
Sheriffs and Policemen. . . .
Steno^'raphersi
3
160
53.33
55.36
43.67
Students
2
'59
29.50
22.83
Telephone and Telegraph
Operators
30.46
Treasurers
49.00
Veterinary Surgeons. . . .
1
46.50
1
73
5
2
4
80
80.00
68.29
Total
4,157
297
88
269
56.95
59.40
44.00
67.25
1,705
221
21
13
6
148
6i]
47
3
9
; 294
92,078
11,439
1,151
54.00
III.
Optional Activity.
Agents and Canvassers. . . .
Ins\irance
51.76
54.81
Real Estate
832 64.00
Auctioneers
274' 45.67
Bankers and Brokers
Bank Officers
1 ^
1
3
243
76
90
, 60.75
76.00
30.00
i
8,762 59.20
4,248j 64.36
Bartenders
l,709i 36.36
BodlvSPI lf>l'S
2131 71.00
Bottlers
1
C
41
348
41.00
58.00
314i 34.89
Butchers and Marketmen. .
15,142
!l 51.50
83 rOETT-SIXTH KEGISTEATION EEPOET. [1898.
Table XI.-OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
State of
Rhode Island.
1898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
>>
P
i-i O
? •
s: Ml
bS)
C^ IX)
t><l
Carriage Dealers
2
12
4
21
3
4
5
3
13
2
122
16
3
20
1
12
2
1
14
26
20
116
110
6
449
175
196
73
39
3
12
643
1,306
6
6
- 1
19
98
5
113
684
207
1,261
175
239
316
132
714
81
5,542
895
179
1,140
48
623
152
56
803
1,497
880
6,870
8,019
241
24,415
9,569
9,054
3,970
2,007
151
530
39,333
76,714
338
402
24
830
4,559
318
56.50
Coal and Wood
1
2
1
1
75
139
42
43
75.00
69.50
42.00
43.00
57.00
Dry Goods
51.75
Fish and Oyster
Furniture
60.05
58.33
Grain
59.75
Hardware
2
155
77.50
63.20
Ice
44.00
Junk ...
54.92
Leather
40.50
Liquor
7
1
334
63
47.71
63.00
45.43
Lumber
55.94
News
59.67
Provision
2
128
64.00
57.00
Rubber
48.00
Shoe
Stove
2
64
32.00
51.92
76.00
W^ool Waste
56.00
Clothiers
57.36
Collectors
Commercial Travelers
Contractors and Builders .
Drug-gists and Apotheca-
ries
1
4
7
5
81
187
495
239
81.00
46.75
70.71
47.80
57.58
44.00
59.22
72.90
Fruiterers
40.17
Grocers
15
6
5
5
7
846
314
211
278
319
56.40
52.33
42.20
55.60
45.57
54.38
Hotel and Innkeepers
Saloon and Restaurant . .
Stable
Store
54.68
46.19
54.38
51.46
Ice-cream Makers
60.33
Mail Carriers
44.17
Merchants
21
48
1,394
2,893
66.38
60.27
61.17
58.74
56.33
Organ and Piano Tuners . .
67.00
Policy Brokers
24.00
Pork and Meat Cutters and
Packers
3
5
117
284
39.00
56.80
43.68
Railroad Ofl&cials
Ship Chandlers
46.52
63.60
J 898. J OCCUPATIONS AND AGES AT UKATif. 83
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
State of Rhode Island.
1898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1896.
Of'CCJPATIONS.
Is
<
bo .
<
Is
<
«
<
Tobacconists
14
830| 59.29
Tradei-s
Undertakers
1
3
71
234
71.66
78.00
283
49
14,259i 50.39
2,927 59.73
Total
lY.
GuTDOOE.— Zom^.
Boat Builders
Briekmakers
181
3
10,458
212
57.78
70.67
4,743
29
8
13
265,181
1,770
352
611
55.91
61.03
44.00
Brick and Stone Layers. . .
47.00
Calkers
Carpenters and Joiners . . .
Masons
1
86
35
1
74
5,365
2,064
69
74.00
62.38
58.97
14
2,151
905
977 69.79
120,240 55.85
50,507' 55.81
2,464 66.59
Milhvriglits
69.00 37
Pavers
3
22
6
79
9
292
1
129, 43.00
...... I
1,254 57.00
Roofers
1
332 55.33
Ship Carpenters
Slaters
1
67
67.00
5,476 69.32
398 44.22
Stonecutters and Marble
Workers
"wavs
17
923
54.29
1
14,174 48.54
79 79.79
Tanners and Curriers
Wheelwrights
5
4
341
254
68.20
63.50
56
112
3,536! 63.14
6,775 60.49
Total
V.
I-SBOOH.—ActiL'e.
Axe and Scythe Grinders
153
9,369
61.24
3,737
4
209,074
222
53.27
55.50
Bakers
Basket Makers
Belt
14
1
654
'"'84
46.71
84.66.
159
7
13
10,468'
404
760,
65.84
57.71
58.46
84 FOETY-SIXTH KEGISTRATIOlSr REPOET. [1898.
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
OCCUPATIONS.
State or Rhode Island.
1898.
(a
f^
^1
Ho
SltKC
S
<
Bobbin Makers -.
Boiler
Bolt
Broom and Brush
Button
Cabinet . . .
Card
Carriage, and Trimmers .
Chair
Comb
Mattress
Pattern
Pianoforte
Picker
Plane
Pump and Block
Eeed
Sash and Blind
Scythe
Spindle
Stopper •
Stove, and Mounters
Tool
Trunk
Umbrella
Wringer
Beamers
Bell Hangers ,
Blacksmiths and Farriers ,
Bleachers and Fullers.. . . ,
Bonnet Dressers
Brewers
Britannia Workers ,
Calico Printers
Car Builders
Stair
Carders ,
Card Grinders
Carvers
Confectioners
Cooks and Caterers ,
53
149
255
"'82
27
4
135
126
1,404
250
1
13
81
45
71
731
53.00
49.67
63.75
82.66
67.50
63.00
52.00
62.50
40.50
45.00
71.00
56.23
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
Eh o
611<|
3
143
75
3,153
1
41
15
743
1
37
138
8,017
4
201
74
4,081
1
70
5
187
1
38
81
4,746
3
157
5
303
1
79
14
788
6
352
9
440
1
83
5
297
1
22
5
245
30
• 1,587
3
89
2
103
1
32
2
59
2
47
696
37,691
68
3,458
2
73
20
978
1
65
57
3,106
1
57
4
219
7
378
3
138
3
147
43
2,018
110
5,325
S3 (D
<
47.67
42.04
41.00
49.53
37.00
58.09
50.25
55.15
70.00
37.40
38.00
58.59
52.33
60.06
79.00
55.71
58.67
48.89
83.00
59.40
22.00
49.00
52.90
29.67
51.50
32.00
29.50
23.50
54.15
50.85
36.50
48.90
65.00
54.49
57.00
54.75
54.00
46.00
49.00
46.93
48.41
1898.] OCCUPATION'S AN'D A«KS AT DKATIf. 85
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Coutinued.
State or Rhode Island.
1888.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months.
Jane 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
^1
1
<
>< !
<
la
E- 0
0
<
><
<
Coopers
Coppersniitbs
3
147
i
49.00
129
14
7
12
14
1
136
10
8
12
4
61
11
24
1 26
6
14
1
6
1,643
496
9
15
338
935
24
53
3
5
3
115
6
4
3
1
7
0
5
7
7
8,490
844
344
490
526
77
6,931
381
472
687
195
2,696
449
1,314
1,400
219
633
47
240
80,058
26,119
500
836
15,63C
45,078
1,251
2,51 C
193
32C
12J
4,551
261
, 12c
1 153
76
311
llr
353
29-2
65.81
60.29
Cutters
49.14
Xail
40.83
Decora toi-s
Distillei-s
1
32
32.00
37.57
77.00
Dvei's
5
271
54.20
50.96
Fouiitlers
50.64
Brass aiicl Iron
1
59.00
Fountli'TiueD
57.25
Furnacemeii
48.75
Oastitters
2
124
62.66
44.20
Gilders
40.82
GuD and Loeksinitlis
54.75
Hatters
53.85
Heaters
1
2
39
85
39.66
42.50
36.50
Iron Eollers and Workers .
45.21
47.00
Lathers
40.00
Alaoliinists
71
11
1
3,802
618
64
53.55
56.18
64.00
48.73
Alecbanics
52.66
Melters
55.56
Aliners
55.80
Painters and Glaziers
Paperhangei-s
Plasterei-s a n d Stucco-
Platers
15
39
1
706
1,881
47
50
47.67
48.23
47.00
50.00
46.24
48.21
52.12
47.36
64.33
Gold
2
108
54.00
64.00
41.33
11
406
36.91
39.57
Pressmen
43.50
Retinei's
1
36
36.00
\ 30.00
Gold
51.00
Oil j....
76.00
Susrar 1 . . . .
1
44.43
Scissoi"S Grinders
57.50
Soap Boilei"S -
t 70.60
! 41.71
Stove Mauufactui'ers
1
1 59.43
'
86 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT. [1898.
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
State of Rhode Island.
1898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
E-io
<
Si
Ho
£ bo
SJO<ri
Ml .
><
<
Superintendents and Over-
seers
26
1,350
51.92
344
4
134
56
14
4
7
46
18,988
322
6,337
2,244
604
149
383
1,901
55.20
Tallow Chandlers
80.50
Tinsmiths
7
1
3
431
26
91
61.57
26.00
30.33
47.29
Upholsterers
40.07
Wire-workers
43.14
Wood-carvers
37.25
Finishers
54.71
Turners
1
59
59.00
41.32
Total
281
6
14,493
240
51.58
40.00
6,473
249
26
424
18
1
5
107
40
131
7
25
38
621
14
1,253
3
1
21
7
139
92
1
328,277
8,575
1,203
19,073
814
66
261
4,858
2,219
6,591
389
1,672
2,207
35,974
518
47,333
175
34
1,016
414
6,711
3,774
40
50.71
YI.
Indoor. — Activity Restric-
ted.
Barbers
34.44
Bookbinders
46.27
Bookkeepers and Account-
ants
19
970
51.05
44.98
Box Makers
45.22
Braid
66.00
Chain
52.20
Cigar
1
2
3
41
104
192
41.00
52.00
64.00
45.40
Clock and Watch .
Harness, and Saddlers . .
Paper
55.47
50.31
55.57
Bope
66.88
Sail
58.08
Shoe
16
1,026
64.12
57.93
Chasers
37.00
Clerks and Salesmen
Compositors
49
2
1
2,006
100
34
40.94
50.00
34.00
37.78
58.33
Die Cutters
34.00
Sinkers
48.38
Enamelers
59.14
Engravers
4
3
265
138
66.25
46.00
48.28
File Cutters
41.02
Forgers
40.00
1898.] OCCUPATIONS AND AGES AT DEATH. 87
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
Statb of Rhode Island.
1898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
E-io
as .
<
ID
M .
><
<
la .
<
^ .
><
<
Finishers
4
1
177
53
44.25
53.00
17
6
1
1,096
3
1
11
13
3
48
2,536
3
3b
1
1
1
208
1
32
1 168
125
440
60
840i 49.41
Brass
283' 47 17
Glass Blowers
57 57.00
JeAvelers
64
2,997
46.83
45,552: 41.56
182 fiOfi?
Shell
Knitters
1
21
21.00
21
362
414
224
2,739
111,835
122
1,336
62
23
42
11,878
70
1,852
7,021
5,592
24,311
2,851
21.00
Lajiidaries
32.91
Laiindrynieu ....
Leather Dressers
2
52
26.00
31.84
74.61
Millers
Operatives
1
103
3i
4,898
31.00
47.55
57.06
44 10
Pearl Cutters
40 67
Polishers
2
54
27.00
44 53
Marble
62 00
Silver
23 00
Steel
42 00
Printers
8
1
360
70
45.00
70.00
57 11
Proofreaders. . . .
70 00
Poll Coverers
57 87
8
3
17
5
350
183
997
230
43.75
61.00
58.65
46.00
41 79
Silversmiths
44 74
Tailors
55 25
T\'^ool Sorters.
47 52
Total
326
2
15,589
126
47.82
63.00
8,028
8
4
2
29
120
2
54
41
200
361,5861 4.fi n4
VII.
Occupations At Large.
Army Officers
3,346
41 82
Ba<:f prage-masters
124' 31.00
Bill Posters
1
• 42
42.00
101 .^n ^0
Boatmen
1,673
3,532
57
2,395
1,568
50.14
Brakemen
10
318
31.80
29.43
Butlers
28.50
Car Drivers, Conductors,
and Motormen
1
3
13
59
138
626
59.00
46.00
48.15
44.35
.S8 24
Coachmen
8,740 4.3.70
FOETT-SIXTH EEGISTRATION" REPORT.
[1898.
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
OCCUPATIONS.
State of Rhode Island.
6e<!
61)
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 185S, to Dec. 31, 1898.
Ui ho
Drivers
Drovers
Elevator Operators
Engineers and Firemen . . .
Expressmen
Fire Company Members . .
Fishermen and Oystermen
Highway Surveyors
Hostlers
House Movers
Icemen
Janitors
Laborers
Lamplighters
Linemen
Lumbermen
Mail Carriers
Mariners
Messengers
Milkmen
Naval Officers
Peddlers
Pilots
Porters
Sailors ....
Scissors Grinders
Sea-captains or Ship-mas-
ters
Servants
Sextons
Sinkers of Artesian Wells .
Soldiers
Stage Drivers
Stevedores
Stewards
Switchmen, Gatemen, etc..
Teamsters
Theatre Managers. .
Waiters
Watchmen
Well Diggers
243
27
4
2
11
1,607
232
117
583
10
3
395
188
9
359
2
1
544
18,114
131
42
134
142
287
2
14
1
61
729
72
468
24
244
2
32;
2
10;
105
58
1,468
59
61
650
34.71
59.52
58.00
58.50
53.00
39.50
62.67
60.44
50.46
65.50
42.00
44.67
71.00
71.75
30.50
52.07
72.00
58.50
24.00
30.50
52.50
58.00
45.87
59.00
30.50
65.00
44
2
1
444
103
8
257
1
142
9
5
91
10,361
20
10
2
5
529
2
17
19
176
22
49
291
1
188
28
12
3
151
8
16
25
20
643
2
123
178
4
1,645
83
79
21,890
5,265
334
13,199
61
6,144
611
324
4,851
513,042
1,109
491
153
241
26,373
105
545
941
8,812
1,197
2,272
13,998
72
12,534
1,196
751
163
4,657
398
766
1,169
1,088
30,025
102
5,000
10,137
295
1898.
OCCUrATIONS ASM) AGES AT DKATII.
89
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
State op Rhode Island.
1898.
Forty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 81, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
ID
<
®
<
Ho
®
<
<5
Whitew<aRliei's
8
5
452
239
56.50
AVood Sawyers
47.80
556
Total
28,067
50.48
14,485
3
1
5
2
5
1
1
1
4
8
373
26
1
15
35
1
49
2
2
16
' 16
1
45
2
2
58
4
117
1,037
11
1
714,345
112
59
276
149
150
34
66
28
152
243
15,099
1,626
60
460
994
28
2,638
124
55
456
699
49
2,241
102
128
2,063
125
6,945
32,723
647
28
49.32
VIII.
Employments of Women.
Actresses
37.33
Ag'ents
59.00
Artists
Basket Makers
1
55
55.00
55.20
74.50
Box
30.00
Broom and Brush
34.00
Braid
66.00
Cap
28.00
Chaiu
38.00
Cig-ar
Dress, and Seamstresses.
Boardiiigbouse Keepers. . .
Boatwomeu
1
15
1
40
474
66
40.00
31.60
66.00
30.37
40.48
62.54
60.00
30.66
Clerks and Saleswomen . . .
Compositors
Cooks
5
1
2
1
1
2
135
28
130
58
30
80
27.00
28.00
65.00
58.00
30.00
40.00
28.40
28.00
53.84
Farming-
Hairdressers
62.00
27.50
Jewelers
28.50
Laboring"
43.69
Lace Knitters
49.00
Laundresses
Matrons
3
162
54.00
49.80
51.00
Midwives
64.00
Milliners
2
100
50.00
35.67
Musicians
31,25
Nurses.
6
33
32i
1,118
53.50
33.88
59.36
Operatives . .
31.56
Physicians
58.82
Postmistresses
1
28
28.00
28.00
1?
90 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— Continued.
OCCUPATIONS.
Public Officers
Rubber- workers
Servants
Sisters of Mercy
Stenographers
Stewardesses
Storekeepers
Superintendents
Tailoresses
Teachers
Telegraph and Telephone
Operators
Type-setters
Upholsterers
Waitresses
Total
State of Rhode Island.
1898.
e o
be™
<1
11
1
1
1
466
36
20
76
356
58
96, 3,837
42.36
36.00
20.00
76.00
59.33
58.00
39.97
rorty-Six Years and Seven
Months,
June 1, 1852, to Deo. 31, 1898.
2
20
549
33
1
2
2
2
149
242
6
1
1
10
110
589
26,273
1,258
20
114
99
126
6,935
12,357
166
58
34
291
2,865 116,989
55.00
29.45
47.86
38.12
20.00
57.00
49.50
63.00
46.54
51.06
27.67
58.00
34.00
29.10
40.87
1898.] OCCUrATTONS and ages at DEATir. 91
Table XI.— OCCUPATIONS AND AGES.— (Recapitulation.)
State of Ruodk Island.
1898.
Forty Si.x Years and Seven
Months.
June 1, 1852, to Dec. 31, 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
«
a,*
<
o
M .
i|
><
<
E-i o
<;
<
I.
Tillers of the Soil
187
13,013
69.59
7,237
482,606
66.69
II.
Professional & Personal
73
4,157
56.95
1,705
92,078
54.00
III.
Optional Activity
181
10,458
57.78
4,743
265,181
55.91
rv.
OuTDOO-R.—Zoeal
153
9,369
61.24
3,737
209,074
53.27
V.
Indoor. — Active
281
14,493 51.58'
6,473
328,277
50.71
VI.
Indoor. — A ctivity Restric-
ted
326
15,589
47.82
8,028
361,586
45.04
VII.
Occupations At Large. . .
556
28,067
50.48
14,485
714,345
49.32
VIII.
Employments of Women .
96
3,837
39.97
2,865
!
116,989
40.87
Alt, Classes
1,853
98,983
53.42
49,273
2,570,136 52.16
92
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION" REPORT.
[li
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Tillers of the Soil.
Farmers
c
03
<B
1
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II.
Professional and Per-
sonal.
Actors
-5
m
<
1898.]
OCCUPAflOltS A-iiD CAUSKS OF DEATtt.
93
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FORTY-SIXTH REGISTEATIOlSr REPORT.
[1898.
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PORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
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T'ORfY-SlXTIt REGISTRATION REPORT,
[1898.
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RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS.
GENERAL SUMMARY.
The number of births registered iu the State of Rhode Island,
during the 3"ear 1808, was ten thousand seven hundred and thirty
(10,730) ; the number of marriages, three thousand two hundred
and seventy-eight (3,278) ; and the number of deaths, six thousand
nine hundred and five (6,905).
Table XIII.
General results of Registration for ten years, lSo4--63, and for
each of the last thirty-five years.
Whole Number Living
Years. of Births. Still-born. Births. ^[arriages. Deaths.
1854-1863 38.042 1,471 36.571 14,943 24,230
1864 3.892 138 3.754 1,844 3,360
1865 3,9.55 177 3,778 1,896 3,405
1866 4.902 172 4,730 2,318 2.970
1867 5,127 163 4.964 3,344 2,889
1868 5,372 212 5,160 2.285 2,912
1869 5,245 220 5,025 2,289 3,382
1870 5,215 234 4,081 2,362 3,238
1871 5,678 223 5,455 2.336 3.344
1872 0.143 202 5.941 2.537 4.247
1873 0.022 228 5,794 2.630 4.403
1874 6,466 277 6.189 2,541 4.229
1875 6,508 246 0,262 2,485 4,317
1876 6..329 224 G.105 2.253 4,116
1877 6.235 242 .5,993 2,282 4.450
1878 6,714 248 6,466 2,324 4.441
1879 6.350 216 6,1.34 2,396 4.472
1880 6.295 192 C.103 2,769 4.829
1881 6.761 264 6.497 2.750 5.016
1882 6.825 '.^3 6.572 2,6.34 5.074
1883 7.046 25;j 6.793 2,611 5,282
1884 7,305 272 7,033 2,558 5,141
1885 7,028 271 ..6,757 2.488 5.-389
1886 7.621 293 7,328 2.750 5.849
■
Ip
114 FOKTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
Table XIII. — Continued.
Whole Number Living
Years. of Births. Still-born. Births. Marriages. Deaths.
1887 7,668 276 7,392 2,839 6,340
1888 7,840 , 295 7,545 3,023 6,594
1889 8,220. - 329 7,891 3,029 6,259
1890 8,550 296 8,254 3,195 6,934
1891 9,426 372 9,154 3,320 6,630
1893 9,370 343 8,927 3,503 7,396
1893 10,048 412 9,636 3,544 7,440
1894 9,985 .392 9,593 3,271 7,160
1895 10,249 367, 9,882 3,497 7,535
1896 11,174 424 10,750 ,..3,327 7,504
1897 11,218 423 10,795 3,137 7,110
1898 .11,143 413 10,730 3,378 6,905
During the period of forty-five years there were recorded, in
Bhode Island, 291,867 births, of which number 10,933 were still-
born, and 280,934 were living children.
During the same period there were recorded 109,586 marriages,
or 219,172 persons married, and 204,782 deaths.
These results show that in every 26.7 births there was one still-
born child, or that in every 1,000 births there were about 37 still-
born and 963 living children.
The same results also show that the ratio of whole number of
living births to the whole number of persons married, and to the
whole number of decedents respectively, during the same period,
was as follows :
Of persons married Of deaths,
For every 100 living births there were 74.5 and 72.9
The number of births in 1898 was 65 less than the previous
year ; the number of marriages 141 greater, or 284 more persons
married ; and there was a decrease of 205 deaths.
For every 100 births there were :
Of persons married. Of deaths,
In 1894 68.2 and 74.6
In 1895 70.8 and 76.3
In 1896. " 61.9 and 69.8
In 1897 58.1 and ' 65.9
In 1898. .., 61.1 and 64.4
Ift98.]
GENERAL SUMMARY.
115
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116
FOETY-SIXTH REGISTEATION REPORT.
[1898.
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180R.] GENERAL SUMMARY. 117
The varying" numbers of the events of births, niarriag'eH, and
deaths occnrring' in the dift'erent towns, durinf^ each of the six
3^ears ending* December HI, 18*.)8, are very concisely presented in
Table XIV, and a ready means is thereby afforded of comparing
and studying" the changes in the vital movements of the people in
the ditt'oront precincts during those years.
The actual increase of population in the State, for the ten years
1885 to 1895, was 80,-474, or 2G.-i5 per cent., or an annual averag-e
of two and six-tenths per cent. The increase by immigration
must have been nearly twice as large as the natural increase.
118
FOETT-SIXTH EEGISTEATION RBPOET.
[1898.
Table XV.
Births, Marriages, and Deaths in Rhode Island, in 1898, with the
number and ratio of each in every 1,000 of the Population of
each Town, and the ratio of excess of the Births over
the Deaths in every 1,000 of the Popidation.
TOWNS AND DIVISIONS
OF THE STATE.
Barrington
Bristol
Warren
Beistol County
Coventry
East Greenwich
West Greenwich
Warwick
Kent County
Jamestown
Little Compton
Middletown
Newport City
New Shoreham
Portsmouth
Tiverton
Newpokt County
Burrillville
Centeai, Falls
Cranston*
Cumberland
East Providence
Foster
Glocester
Johnson
Lincoln
North Providence
North Smithfleld
Pawtucket
Pkovidencb City. . . .
Scituate
Smithfield
woonsocket
Pkovidencb County. .
Charlestown
Exeter
Hopliinton
Narragansett District,
North Kingstown
South Kingstown
Richmond
Westerly
Washington County.
State Institutions. . .
Whole State
o
»2
o
QO
V^
g
a
°o
"S 3
T-TO
a
.2
Is
"3
p.
o
m O
be
_eS
CS o
So
So
^
s
PP
S
Pm
fi
fi
1,755
33
18.8
11
12.5
19
10.8
7,039
138
19.6
40
11.4
109
15.5
5,301
139
26.2
36
13.6
84
15.8
14,095
310
22.0
87
12.3
212
15.0
5,102
137
26.8
18
7.1
81
15.9
3,S16
39
12.1
31
19.3
53
16.5
675
24,143
7
798
10.4
33.1
9
373
13.3
15.4
156
12.9
33,136
981
29.6
205
12.4
516
15.6
930
20
21.5
2
4.3
12
13.9
1,128
17
15.1
7
12.4
17
15.1
1,494
25
16.7
3
4.0
15
10.0
22,116
577
26.1
150
13.6
349
15.8
1,307
20
15.3
10
15.3
17
13.0
1,780
36
20.2
6
6.7
28
15.7
3,038
35
11.5
11
7.2
56
18.4
31,793
730
22.9
189
11.9
494
15.5
5,830
167
28.6
32
11.0
95
16.3
17,462
563
32.2
148
16.9
218
12.5
10,284
227
22.1
69
13.4
172
16.7
8,932
238
26.6
62
13.9
146
16.3
11,432
232
20.3
74
12.9
123
10.7
1,129
21
18.6
15
26.5
17
15.1
1,549
23
14.8
7
9.0
27
17.4
12,629
197
15.7
17
2.7
130
10.4^
9,313
221
24.0
63
13.7
115
12.5
2,830
67
23.8
4
2.8
35
12.4
2,743
81
29.5
19
13.8
52
18.9
36,008
1,067
39.5
270
14.9
543
15.0
154,333
4,256
27.6
1,566
30.8
2,929
12.5
3,492
58
16.6
25
14.3
53
15.2
2,335
38
16.3
11
9.5
31
13.3
27,591
808
29.3
238
16.5
458
16.6
307,752
8,264
26.8
2,610
17.0
5,144
16.7
964
16
16.6
7
14.5
15
15.5
869
10
11.5
15
34.5
13
14.9
2,679
47
17.5
25
18.7
49
18.3
1,302
23
17.7
4
6.1
13
9.9
4,571
74
16.2
26
11.4
63
13.8
5,376
113
21.0
31
11.5
83
15.4
1,623
17
10.5
8
9.9
34
14.8
8,049
145
18.0
71
17.6
109
13.5
25,433
445
17.5
187
14.7
369
14.5
2,204
414,413
170
77.1
10,730
25.9
3,278
15.8
6,905
16.7
* Not including State Institutions.
t Geometrically estimated.
1898. J.
GENliilAL SUMMAUV
119
Births. Pi-oport'ion to l\>pnlation..
In Tiible XV, on the precedinf:;' paf^fe, may be found the varying
proportions of the number of births, marriag-es, and deaths to
every 1,000 of the population in the various towns and cities in
the State, as thej^ occurred in 1898.
In regard to births, the extreme rang-e of proportion to popu-
lation was from 10.4 in every 1,000, in West GreeuAvich, to 3.3.1,
in Warwick. Following AVarwick, in the line of largest propor-
tion, are Central Falls, with 32.2 ; and North Smithfield and
Pawtucket, with 29.5 each. Following West Greenwich, in the
line of the smallest proportion of births to population, are Rich-
mond, with 10.5 in every 1,000 ; and Exeter and Tiverton, with
11.5 each.
The proportion of births to population in all the counties
entire, and in the cities of Central Falls, Newport, Pawtucket,
Providence, Woonsocket, and the whole State, during the last
seven j'^ears, are as follows :
Births to Every 1,000 Persons.
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.
1893.
1892.
Bristol County
23.0...
...27.1...
...23.0...
...25.2...
...19.7...
...19.6...
...17.0
Kent County
29.6...
...28.0...
...30.1...
...25.2...
...23 2...
...22.9...
...23.0
Newport County
23.9...
...22.8...
...24.8...
...24.8...
.. 25.2...
...26.3...
...23.1
Newport City..
26.1...
...25.4...
...27.9...
...26.9...
.. 27.8...
...30.1...
...24.4
Providence County
26.8...
...27.9...
...28.3...
...26.8...
...28.2. .
...27.9...
...26.9
Central Falls
32.2...
...30.2 ..
...35.2...
Pawtucket
29.5...
...28.3...
...27.5...
...28.4...
...24.7...
...27.0...
...24.5
Providence City
'...27.6...
...27.2...
...27.8...
...27.5...
...28.9...
...27.9...
...27.8
Woonsocket
29.3...
...32.5...
,...33.9...
...32.4...
...32.1...
...34.1...
...31.2
Washington County
17.5...
...18.5 ..
...19.6...
...17.9 ..
...19.4...
...19.1...
...16.8
Whole State
25.9...
...26.8...
...27.3...
...25.7...
...26.6...
...26.5...
...35.2
Persons Married. Pro])ortion to Population.
The proportion to the population, of persons married, can be
more correctly shown in counties, or in cities and aggregates of
towns, than in single towns.
The following summary will present the proportions in the
manner suggested, for the last seven years:
120
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Persons Married in Evert 1,000.
1896. 1895. 1894.
..14.0 14.2 18.5.
..10.3 11.2 13.5.
..13.1 15.2 14.5.
..14.4 17.1 15.7.
..18.2 19.6 18.5.
Central Falls 16.9 14.1 15.3.
Pawtuoket 14.9 16.7 20.9 21.2 18.8.
Providence City 20.3 27.2 21.4 22.2 21.1.
Woonsooket 16.5 32.5 16.8 20.4 15.0.
Washington County 14.7 18.5 16.7 17.2 14.4.
Whole State 15.8 26.8 17.0 18. 2...... 17. 4.
Bristol County
Kent County
Newport County
Newport City
Providence County . .
1898.
1897.
..12.3...
...13.5.
..12.4...
...10.7.
..11.9..
...13.1.
..13.6...
...14.1.
..17.0...
...16.5.
1893.
.19.9.
.15.9.
.14.5.
.15.6.
.19.8.
.23.7.
,.21.4.
,.20.2.
,.14.4.
.18.7.
1893.
..15.3
..16.3
..15.9
..16.0
..20.2
..32.3
..23.4
..19.3
..16.2
..19.1
Deaths. Proportion to Population.
The number of cleatlis, in proportion to the living population,
varies considerably from year to year in the different towns.
The smaller the towns the greater generally is the annual vari-
ation.
The highest rate occurred in North Smithfield, that is, 18.9
in every 1,000 of the population ; followed by Tiverton, 18.4,
and Hopkinton, 18.3.
The lowest death rate was in the District of Narragansett,
that is, 9.9 in every 1,000 of the population ; followed by Middle-
town, with 10.0, and Johnston, with 10.4.
The following summary will give the ratios of mortality to the
population in the cities and counties of the State, during the
seven years ending December 31, 1898 :
Deaths in Every 1,000 of Population.
1898. 1897. 1896. 1895. 1894.
Bristol County 15.0 18.6 17.9 20.9 16.5..
Kent County 15 6 16.7 18.8 17.4 19.8..
Newport County 15.5 16.2 17.0 15.9 16.9..
Newport City 15.8 16.9 17.5 16.5 17.7..
Central Falls 12.5 13.2 19.9
Pawtucket , 15.0 17.7 18.3 30.1 18.7..
Providence City 12.5 18.6 19.9 21.3 20.3..
Woonsocket 16.6 17.5 . .
Providence County 16.7 17.6..
Washington County 14.5 14.7. .
Whole State 16.7 17.6 19.1.
.20.8.
,19.2.
.15.3.
....18.3..
....20.1..
....15.0..
....19.6..
17.6..
19.1..
16.4..
19.1..
1893.
.19.9.
,.19.4.
.17.9.
,19.1.
.19.6
.20.9.
.18.6.
.19.9
.12.6.
.19.6.
1893.
..20.0
..20.7
..20.1
..20.0
. 21.7
..20.9
..19.5
..20.2
..15.2
..20.1
1898.
(JKNKIiAL Sl'MMAKY.
121
The proportiou of tleatliH to the living- populutiou, in 1898, was
noticeably smaller than the annual average of the previous six
years in each county and city in the State.
, Table XVI.
Proportion of Births, Marricu/es, and Deaths to the Pojndatian, in
the Wliole State, in each of the last thirty
years, geometrically estimated.
YEAKS.
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1687
1888
1889
1890
1891
1893
1893
1894
1893
1S96
1897
1898
Popu-
lation.
BIRTHS.
Number.
211,380
218,555
225,968
233,637
241,561
249,765
358,239
262,513
266,850
871,269
275,753
280.319
284.960
289,667
294,460
399,329
304.284
311,507
318,907
326,477
334,233
842,169
3.50.293
358.008
367.125
375,836
384.7.58
393,891
403,245
414,413
5,245
5,215
5.676
6.143
6.022
6.466
6,508
6,329
6.235
6.714
6.350
6.395
6.761
6,825
7.046
7,305
7,028
7,631
7,668
7,840
8,230
8,550
9,436
9.370
10,048
9,985
9,882
10.750
10,795
10,730
Of popu-
lation,
one birth
in every
40.3
41.9
39.8
38.0
40.1
38.6
39.7
41.5
43.8
40.4
43.4
44.5
42.1
42.4
41.8
41.0
43.3
40.9
41.6
41.6
40.7
40.0
37.2
38.7
36.5
37.0
38.9
36. B
87.4
38.6
MARRIAGES.
Number.
2.289
2,362
2,336
2,537
2,630
2,541
2,485
2,253
2,282
2,324
2,396
2,769
2,750
2,634
2,611
2,558
2,488
2,750
2,839
3.032
8,029
8,195
8,320
3,502
3,544
3,371
8,497
8,.327
8,187
3,278
Of popu-
lation,
one per-
son mar-
ried in
every
46.2
46.2
48.4
46.0
45.9
49.1
52.0
58.3
58.4
58.4
57.5
50.6
51.8
55.0
56.4
58.5
61.2
56.6
,56.2
54.0
55.2
53.5
52.8
51.2
51.9
57.4
55.0
59.2
64.3
65.2
DEATHS.
Number.
8,382
3.238
3,344
4,247
4,403
4,229
4,317
4,116
4.450
4.441
4,472
4,839
5.016
5,074
5,283
5.141
5,889
5.848
6,340
6,594
6,259
6.934
6,620
7,396
7,440
7.160
7.535
7.504
7,110
6,905
Of popu-
lation,
one
death in
every
62.5
67.5
67.6
55.0
54.8
59.0
59.8
63.8
60.0
61.1
61.7
58.0
56.8
57.1
55.7
58.2
56.5
53.8
50.8
49.5
53.4
49.3
52.9
48.5
49.3
52.5
51.1
52.5
56.7
60.0
Deaths
in every
1.000 of
the popu-
lation.
16.0
14.8
14.8
18.2
18.2
16.9
16.7
15.7
16.7
16.4
16.2
17.2
17.6
17.5
17.9
17.2
17.7
18.8
19.9
20.3
18.7
20.3
18.9
20.6
20.2
19.1
19.6
19.1
17.6
16.7
132 FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTEATION REPOKT. [1898.
During" the ten years 1871-1880, the average annual birth rate
was one birth to every 39.7 of the population, or 25.2 births in
every 1,000; during- the ten years 1881-1890, the average birth
rate was one birth in every 41.0 of the population, or 24.3 in every
1,000; a falling off of a proportion of nealrly one birth in every
1,000 of the population.
From 1891 to 1898 the average annual birth rate was one birth
in every 37.7 of the population, or 26.3 in every 1,000.
During the period of ten years 1871-1880, the average annual
death rate was one in every 58.4 of the population, or 17.2 in every
1,000, according to the returns. During the ten years 1881-1890,
the average annual death rate was one in every 53.3 of the popu-
lation, or 18.8 in every 1,000 of the living. From 1891 to 1898 the
average annual death rate was one in every 53.6 of the population,
or 19.0 in every 1,000 of the living.
It must be remembered, however, that the returns during the
last ten years have been more complete than in previous years.
I
I
124
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT
[1898.
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BIRTHS, isos.
The general statistics of Inrths in Kbode Island, during- the
year 1808, derived from the returns sent to the office of the State
Registrar, niaj' be found on pages 2 to 8, inclusive, in Tables I,
II, and III.
The -whole number reported is 10,730, as before stated, and is
65 less than the number in 1897.
Sex of the Children.
Of the 10,730 children whose births were registered in 1898,
there were 5,443 males and 5,287 females. This gives 102.9 males
to each 100 females, or 507.3 males and 492.7 females in each 1,000
children.
The following Table shows the number and sex, and the pro-
portions of each sex, of the children born in Rhode Island, during
the ten years 1854-18G3, and in each of the last thirty-five 3'ears :
Table XYJI.
Males to each Per 1,000 Births
Years. Males. Females. 100 Females. Males. Females.
1854-1S63 19.:i86 13.686 103.6. or 508.S and 491.2
1864 1.949 1,W2 100.3. or 500.9 and 499.1
1865 2,096 1.857 112.9. or 530.2 and 469.8
1866 2,546 2.356 108.0, or 519.4 and 480.6
1867 2.665 2.464 107.0. or 518.7 and 481.3
1868 2,745 2,627 104.5, or 511.0 and 489.0
1869 2,685 2,500 101.9. or 511.9 and 488.1
1870 2,679 2,536 105.6, or 513.7 and 486.3
1871 2,878 2,800 102.8. or 506.9 and 493.1
1872 3,085 3,058 100.8, or .502.2 and 497.8
1873 3,145 2,887 108.6. or 520.6 and 579.4
1874 3.311 3,155 104.9, or 512.1 and 487.9
1875 3,-362 3.146 106.9, or 516.6 and 483.4
1876 3.291 3,038 108.3, or 520.0 and 480.0
1877 3,163 3,072 10.3.0, or 507.3 and 492.7
1878 .3,402 3,.312 102.7, or 506.7 and 493.3
1879 3,259 3,091 102.4, or 513.2 and 466.8
1880 3,241 3.0.->4 106.8, or 514.8 and 485.2
1881 8.498 3,2(V1 107.2. or. 517.3 and 482.7
1882 3,509 3.316 105.8, or 514.1 and 485.9
1883 .3.548 3.19S 101.4, or 503.5 and 496.5
1884 3,713 3.592 103.4, or 506.3 and 491.7
1885 3,591 3,437 104.4, or 510.3 and 489.7
128
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table XVII.— Contiimed.
Years. Males.
1886 3,897.
1887 3,968.
1888 4,033.
1889 4,193.
1890 4,351.
1891 4,926.
1893 4,765.
1893 5,105.
1894 5,139.
1895 5,136.
1896 5,461.
1897 5,493,
1898 5,443.
Males to each
^Females. 100 Females.
....3,724 104.6, or....
....3,700 107.2, or....
....3,817 105.4, or....
,...4,027 104.1, or...,
....4,199 103.5, or...,
....4,500 109.5, or....
... 4,5C5 105.8, or...,
....4,943 103.3, or...,
....4,856 , 105.6, or....
....4,746 108.2, or...,
....5,289 103.3, or...
....5,303 103 6, or...,
....5,287 103.9, or...
Per 1,000 Births
Males. Females.
...511.3 and 488.7
..517.5 and 482.5
...513.1 and 486.0
...510.0 and 490.0
...508.8 and 491.2
...522.6 and 477.4
...514.1 and 485.9
...508.1 and 491.9
...513.7 and 486.3
...519.7 and 480.3
...508.0 and 492.0
...508.8 and 491.3
...507.3 and 493.7
The average proportion for forty -five years is 104.8 males to
every 100 females. At the end of five years from birth the num-
ber of each sex is about equal, the males having a larger mortality
during that period.
Proportion of the Sexes. Localities.
In Table II, on pages 6 and 7, will be found the number of chil-
dren born in the different divisions of the State during the year
1898, together with the number of each sex.
The following Table will give more concisely the whole number
of children born, arranged according to sex and locality, and the
proportion of male children to every 100 female children :
Table XYIII.
BIRTHS, 1898.
If
o a
« S
Mo
o
ftcl
03 C
t> o o
PL
a
o
■&^
S d
m O
Q
u
o
ft
12;
a
o
$
03
PL,
O
a .
o
u
Ph
a
o
o
®
o
.a
Males
153
158
501
480
76
77
788
782
325
220
287
290
291
272
524
543
2,182
2,074
417
391
5,443
5,287
Total
310
96.2
9^
104.4
153
98.7
1,570
100.7
445
102.3
577
99.0
563
107.0
1,067
96.5
4,256
105.2
808
106.6
10,730
Males to each 100 females
102.9
Compared with the previous year, the decrease in the propor-
tion of male births in the whole State was 0.7 per cent.
The following Table exhibits the proportions of births of the
sexes for the past thirty-six years in the larger divisions of the
State and in the whole State :
]S98.]
BIRTHS.
120
Table XIX.
Number of Males to each 100 Females.
BIRTHS.
166S.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
18T0.
1871 .
1872.
1873.
1874.
1675.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
120.0
106.8
119.8
109.4
115.5
117.4
115.7
126.4
131.8
109.2
129.2
98.7
95.2
142.1
138.7
120.5
124.3
117.2
91.2
94.7
94.0
105.0
132.2
120.0
115.1
98.1
81.9
96.5
107.1
120.0
90.7
103.4
118.4
96.5
101.2
90.2
c c
9) 3
\£ o
o
98.4
87.3
118.2
113.1
98.3
88.7
116.7
111.6
97.9
92.8
113.0
111.9
103.1
104.4
102.4
120.6
95.5
110.5
111.3
110.2
97.6
111.7
107.3
81.7
121.7
105.1
122.0
113.0
110.4
102.1
101.8
102.4
116.3
95.4
108.4
104.4
o >•
97.0
90.6
108.8
103.4
117.8
100.2
102.7
100.0
132.5
109.1
117.9
101.3
97.7
108.5
98.5
94.8
103.6
113.5
102.0
112.5
97.0
92.9
98.0
102.6
106.6
105.0
107.5
106.8
118.4
102.4
97.7
181.1
100.8
108.7
97.5
98.9
111
1^^
iJ>i
101.8
107.4
118.8
104.9
106.3
101.6
98.0
105.1
100.8
103.5
104.5
110.4
104.3
108.0
100.3
101.5
105.4
102.4
105.9
103.1
103.5
102.5
104.8
100.7 j
103.9 I
103.4
103.6
108.5
107.0 j
110.7 I
I
104.1
I
110.2 !
105.0 I
102.4
103.9
101.6
111.4
97.8
113.8
108.4
104.5
102.4
107.5
104.9
95.2
95.7
109.0
102.9
109.1
106.8
104.9
106.8
105.7
107.6
109.0
106.5
102.2
105.8
103.6
105.0
107.9
107.4
101.4
98.3
109.1
100.0
104.1
99.6
109.6
105.8
104.4
105.8
59
So
108.7
103.4
88.1
124.0
120.4
136.5
120.6
99.5
113.3
110.6
104.7
94.0
134.3
103.7
95.3
76.8
106.3
95.4
115.7
105.7
102.2
99.0
104.3
121.7
106.7
110.2
110.2
97.4
106.4
98.5
109.0
106.5
115.6
108.5
96.2
102.8
^
105.8
100.3
112.9
108.7
107.7
104.5
104.9
105.6
102.8
100.9
108.6
104.9
106.9
108.3
103.0
102.7
105.4
106.1
107.2
105.8
101.4
103.4
104.4
104.6
107.2
105.4
104.1
103.6
109.5
105.8
105.8
105.6
108.2
103.3
103.6
102.9
* Including city of Newport, t Including cities of Central Falls, Pawtucket, and Woonsocket.
130
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
There will be found in the following summary in the aggregate,
the average number of males to each 100 females, born during
the thirty-six years from 1863-1898, in the different divisions of
the State :
Bristol County lll.l males to each 100 females.
Kent County 105.6 males to each 100 females-
Newport County* 104.8 males to each 100 females.
Providence County Townst 104.9 males to each 100 females.
Providence City 104.9 males to each 100 females.
Washington County 107,1 males to each 100 females.
Whole State 108.0 males to each 100 females.
Births and Season.
Table II, on pages 6 and 7 of this report, gives the number of
births occurring in the different months of the year, in the several
divisions of the State.
According to this Table, the greatest number of births in any
one month, in 1898, occurred in August, and the largest in any
quarter in the third.
The following table shows the total number of children born
in the State of Rhode Island, according to the returns, in each
quarter of each of the last six years ; and also the aggregate
number and the percentage of the aggregate of each quarter in
forty-five years, from 1854 to 1898, inclusive :
Table XX.
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.
1893.
2,374
2,291
2,674
2,709
10,048
1854-1898,
inclusive.
quarters.
Number.
Per cent.
2,686
2,562
2,802
2,680
2,749
2,386
2,983
2,677
2,604
2,461
2,790
2,895
2,260
2,345
2,704
2,573
2,368
2,511
2,524
2,583
68,844
68,604
76,043
76,749
23.72
23.64
26.20
26.44
Whole Year
10,730
10,795
10,750
9,882
9,985
290,240
100.00
Table XX presents results showing that, according to the regis-
tration of forty-five years, the average proportions of births to
the whole number of births in the different quarters of the year
were as follows :
* Including Newport city. t Including Pawtucket, Central Falls, and Woonsocket.
1808.] ijiiniis. 131
January— March 2'17.2 in every 1,000 births.
April-June 230.4 in every 1,000 l)irths.
July— September 202.0 in every 1,000 l)irlhs.
October— December •■iVAA in every 1,000 birtlis.
The proportions of birtlis in Rhode Ishiiul, in tlie different
quarters of the year, to the whole number of births in 1898, were
as follows :
1. -lanuary— !Marcli •ih.O per cent., or 250 in every 1,000
3. April— June 23.9 per cent., or. 239 in every 1,000
3. July— September 26.1 per cent., or 201 in every 1,000
4. October— December 2.5.0 per cent., or 250 in every 1.000
First six months 489 birtlis in every 1,000 of whole number.
Second six months 511 births in every 1,000 of whole number.
Births. Sex and Seaso7i.
In Table II, on pages 6 and 7, will also be found the number of
births of eacJi sex by months, as they occurred in the difterent
divisions of the State, during the year 1898. From it we ascer-
tain the number of each of the sexes born during each quarter of
the year, with their relative proportions, and also the aggregates
and proportions of the same for the whole State,
The following Table will present a summary of the quarterly
periods, number of births, and proportions of the sexes, for the
same year.
Per 1,000
Males to each each quarter.
Males. Females. 100 Females. Males. Females.
1. January— March 1,382 1,304 106.0 515 485
2. April— June 1,290 1,266 102.4 500 494
8. July -September 1,420 1,882 102.T ."iOT 493
4. October -December 1,.345 1,.385 100.7 502 498
Whole Year 5,443 5,287 102.9 .507 493
The following Table shows the number of male children born
to every 100 female rhildron, in each (quarter of the last three
years ; and also the i)roportiou of births of male children to each
100 female children born during six periods of five years each,
from ISGG to 1895, inclusive :
132
FOKTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOX EEPORT.
Table XXI.
[1898.
YEARS.
1897. 1896.
; years, years, years, rears, years, years,
1891 to IS86 to ISSl to 18T6 to 1871 to 1866 to
I 1895. 1890. 1SS5. 1880. 1875. 1870.
First Quarter 106.0 97.6 i 101.9
Second Quarter 102.4 108.7 101.6
102.7 j 101.7 105.1
100.7 ' 107.7 ' 104.2
Third Quarter
Fourth Quarter
Total Ayerage 102.9 103.6 103.3 ! 106.5
104.6
107.3
108.6
105.8
104.3
105.8
106.0
101.5
105.4
104.8
102.7
104,7
104.6
105.1
107.1
104.8
106.5
103.5
108.2
106.5
106.6
107.3
106.0
i04.8
105.2 104.5 106.2 104.2 I 106.2
The above Table shows the vaiiation of the proportions of the
sexes in the different quarters in the different years, and seems to
conchisivelj' determine that season has very little, if any, influence
in the causation of sex.
Paeentage.
By reference to Table I, page 4, in the division of births, there
will be found the parentage of the children born in Ehode Island
during the year 1898. It will be seen that of the whole number,.
10,730, there were 3,413 of native parentage, 5,307 foreign, and
2,010 of mixed parentage.
By mixed parentage is meant the children born of native fathers
and foreign mothers, and of foreign fathers and native mothei*s.
Of native fathers and foreign mothers there were 1,014, and of
foreign fathers and native mothers, 996.
The following Table will show the number and parentage of
the childi'en born in the State and the vai-iations of the same
from year to year, in each of the last three years ; and also the
number and variations occurring in four periods of five years
each, and two of ten years each, from 1858 to 1898, inclusive :
Table XXn.
PARE >"T AGE.
1898.
1897. 1896.
years.
1893 to
1897.
5
years,
1888 to
1892.
5
years.
1883 to
1887.
5 10
years, years,
1878 to 1868 to
1882. 1877.
10
years,
1858 to
1867.
NatiTB father and mother
3,413
3,453
3,422
16,762
16,511
15,001
14,169
^,645
20,321
Foreign father and mother
5,307
5,318
5,292
25,084
18,737
15,245
13,562
26,356
19,665
Native father, foreign mother. .
1,014
998
l,a39
4,819
4,021
3,044
2,327
3,135
1,690
Foreign father, natiye mother. .
996
1,026
997.
4,795
4,037
3,378
2,887
4,077
1,696
293
10,730
36,668
Total
10,7^
10,750
51,460
43,306
32,945 . 59,213
43.665
1898.]
BIRTHS.
133
Tlie followiug- Table of j^crceiitages will show, in u difiereut and
perhaps clearer way, the same chanw-es that have occuned in the
proportions of the births in the different classes of parentage
dining the last three years ; and during forty-one years, from 1858
to 1898, inclusive, in four periods of five years each and two of
ten years :
Table XXIII.
PARENTAGE.
1898. 1897.
1896.
5
years,
1893 to
1897.
5
years.
1888 to
1892.
5 5 10 1 10
years, years, years, years.
1883 to 1878 to 1868 to 185S to
1887. 1882. j 18T7. , ISti".
1 1
Native father and mother
31.81
31.99 31.83
32.60
.38.25
40.91
43.03
43.36
46.84
Foreign father and mother
49.46
49.26 49.23
48.73
43.14
41.58
41.23
44.53
45.38
Native father, foreign mother..
9.45
9.25
9.67
9.86
9.30
8.30
6.%
5.37
3.89
Foreign father, native mother..
9.28
9.50
9.27
9.31
9.31
9.21
8.79
6.74
3.91
Total
100.00
i
100.00 100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00 100.00
The registration of births, in 1898, is of interest as showing a
smaller proportion of children born of native fathers than of for-
eign fathers. A considerable number of those recorded as native
fathers were themselves children of foreign parentage.
The percentage of children of mixed parentage was about the
same, in 1898, as in the previous year.
The following table will present the percentages of children of
native and of foreign-born fathers, and of native and foreign-liorn
mothers, respectively, in each of the last three years, and in each
of four periods of five yeai"S each and two of ten years each, fi-om
1858 to 1898, inclusive :
Table XXTV^
CHILDREN WITH
1897.
1896.
5 I 5 ' 5 I 5 1 10 i 10
years, ' years, years, i years, years, years,
1893 to 1S88 to 188;i to 1878 to 1868 to 1S58 to
1897. 1892. i 1887. I 1883. ; 1877. ; 1867.
Native fathers 41.26
Foreign fathers i 58.74
Native mothers '41.09
Foreign motliers 58.91
17
41.24 41.50
58.76 i 58.50
41.49 \ 41.10
58.51 I 58.90
41.96
58.04
41.91
58.09
47.56 49.21 j 50.08
52.44 51.79 49.98
47.57
52.43
49.91 51.79
50.09 ; 48.21
48.7S
51.27
50.73
49.26
50.10 50.75
49.90 49.25
134 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
The percentage of the children born of foreign fathers and of
foreign mothers, during 1898, was about the same as in 1897.
The number of native fathers of children born, in 1898, was
1,876 less than the number of foreign fathers, and the number of
native mothers was 1,912 less than of foreign.
Births of Colored Children.
The number of births of children of colored parentage reported
for the year 1898 is 216. This number is 10 more than in 1897,
and also 10 less than in 1896.
In regard to sex, the numbers and proportions were as follows,
viz. : males, 105 ; females, 111 ; or 94.6 males to each 100 females.
As the number of colored persons in the State was, according
to the census of 1895, 7,928, the ratio of births in this class would
be 27.2 per thousand, or 1 to each 36.7 colored inhabitants.
The following summary will show the changes that have occurred
from year to year, in the proportions of the sexes of colored chil-
dren born in Rhode Island, during the last twenty -three years :
Whole Males to each
Years. Number. Males. Females. 100 Females.
1876-1885 1,763 849 913 93.0
1886 213 117 95 123.0
1887 311 Ill 100 111.0
1888 203 109 93.. 117.3
1889 194 87 107 81.3
1890 183 89 94 94.6
1891 173 86 87 98.9
1892 183 94 88 106.8
1893 203 91 113 81 .3
1894 221 113 108 104.6
1895 221 117 104 113.5
1896 336 104 123 85.3
1897 206 100 106 94.3
1898 216 105 Ill 94.6
The following Table will show the location, number, sex, etc.,
of colored births durins- 1898 :
1898.
JtlKTIIS.
135
Table XXV.
Shounny Number, Sex, etc., of Colored JJIr/hs, 1S98.
TOWNS AND CITIES.
Barriiigton
Rristol
Warwick
Jamestown
Newport Citt
New Shoreham
Portsmouth
Central Falls
Cranston
East Providence
Johnston
Pawtucket
Providence Citt —
Narragansctt District
North Kingstown
South Kingstown
Richmond
Westerly ^
Whole State
Whole
Males.
Females.
Number.
1
2
1
1
1
.3
3
3
3
34
17
IV
1
3
1
3
3
3
3
o
1
3
2
1
1
5
1
3
2
133
08
C.5
2
1
1
3
2
1
11
G
5
1
4
1
1
3
216
105
111
COUNTIES.
Bristol County 3
Kent County 3
Newport County 41
Providence County.. 148
Washington County. 21
216
Number of Child of the Mother.
In the following- tulile will be found the number of the child of
the mother born during" 1898 ; that is, how many of the children
born were reported as the first, second, or third child, etc., of their
respective mothers. The statistics on tliis subject beg-in with the
year 1857, and the following Table includes the children rei)orted
during the last six years, and also the total for forty-two 3'eai"S,
1857 to 1898, inclusive :
136
POETY-SIXTH EEGISTEATIOSr REPORT.
Table XXVI.
[1898.
Number of tub Child of the Mother.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
42 years,
1857-1898,
First
Second
Third .
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Eighth
Ninth
Tenth
Eleventh
Twelfth
Thirteenth
Fourteentli
Fifteenth
Sixteenth
Seventeenth —
Eighteenth
Nineteenth
Twentieth
Twenty-first
Twenty-second.
Unstated
a,500
1,981
1,484
1,138
825
297
224
160
107
81
44
23
12
9
3
1
1
100
Total 10,048
2,377
2,026
1,519
1,106
818
578
445
306
203
148
112
73
71
28
12
12
3
4
2,329
2,008
1,512
1,129
895
640
429
304
203
148
102
65
36
27
22
5
2
2
2
2,574
2,125
1,672
1,233
918
666
488
337
259
161
123
71
40
26
12
13
4
3
3
2,438
2,098
1,687
1,291
927
712
499
342
260
180
132
89
50
37
14
6
4
142
22
22
2,393
2,059
1,631
1,310
982
715
532
378
231
180
105
80
54
33
10
5
67,871
55,280
42,866
32,350
24,152
17,705
12,711
9,038
6,130
4,175
2,599
1,678
975
517
272
142
80
35
24
8
4
S
334
9,985
9,882
10,750
10,795
10,730
278,948
There was a decrease of 65 in the whole number of births in
1898 from the number in 1897.
There are varying differences in the proportions of all classes
in the different years.
The most of those in the class " Unstated " (number of the child
of the mother) were French Canadians and Italians.
There were eight returns of births in the seventeenth and three
in the nineteenth classes.
The proportion of each class to the whole number will be shown
by the following Table, which gives the percentage of the children
born in each of the last four years who were respectively the first,
second, third, etc., children of the mothers ; and which will also
give the average percentage of each class of births in each of the
18!JS.
nruTirf!.
137
last four years, and also in two ])eriods of ten years and two
periods of live years cominTsinq- the tliirty-one years from 1808
to 181)8, inclusive :
Ni:mi!?;i! or I'lii-; ( 'iiii.i).
First
Second
Third
F<iiirtli
Fifth
First to Fifth
Sixth and over, and unstated
Total
1898.
22.30
10.19
15.20
12.20
9.15
78.04
21.90
100.00
1807.
22.58
19.43
15.03
11.9G
8.59
78.19
21.81
100.00
1890.
23.94
19.77
15.55
11.47
8.54
79.27
20.63
1895.
23.57
20.32
15.30
11.42
9.06
79.67
20.33
100.00 100.00
5
years,
1893 to
1897.
28.78
19.90
1.5.29
11.45
8.52
78.94
21.00
100.00
5
years,
1888 to
1892.
10
years,
1878 to
1887.
10
years,
1808 to
25.20
23.7
25.2
19.77
19.1
20.7
14.94
15.5
1.5.5
11.10
11.7
11.4
8.23
8.8
8.4
79.24
78.8'
81.1
20.76
21.2
18.9
100.00
100.0
100.00
Table XXVII.
Shoiviug the Ages of tJie Fathers and Mothers of Children horn
in 1898.
Ages
OF Mothers.
05
Ages of Fathers.
u
in
1
1
1
5
12
£
od
>>
00
£
2
n
1
t
o
CO
^
^
^
§
o
in.
3
i
<i>
>^
o
£
SS
?
in
in
o
in
13
1
O
d
{5
18 years
1
14
1
1
1
6
14
22
2
1
8
67
35
6
S
1
5
98
45
17
8
2
7
769
1,109
332
91
23
15
8
1
1
1
162
1,401
1,078
397
85
29
3
8
1
2
r.
19 years
16
239
1,106
718
242
101
14
6
1
1
1
29
1.58
719
454
164
47
7
7
29
20-25 years
1
2
18
84
256
168
57
15
2
1
]
I.IU
2888
25-30 years
30-35 years
1
1
12
28
9
4
2,719
2,021
1,078
505
.35-40 years
40-45 years
::
45-50 years
50-55 years
183
55-00 years
36
GO 05 years,
11
05-70 years
3
70-75 years
2
4
a
ITnstated
2
3
7
IS
42
19
10
59
159
Number of Mothers. . .
8
19
48
128
186
2,394
3,182
2,453
1,593 j 004
55 1
59
10,780
138 FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATIOK REPORT. [1898.
The nativity of the mothers under 19 years was as follows : of
the eight at 15 years, 4 were American, 2 were Italian, 1 was
Canadian, and 1 Portuguese.
Of the nineteen at 16 years, 17 were American, 1 was Scotch,
and 1 Italian.
Of the forty-eight at 17 years, 25 were American, 9 Italian, 6
Canadian, 3 Portuguese, 2 Armenian, 2 Swedish, and 1 Russian.
Of the one hundred and twenty-eight at 18 years, 81 were
American, 20 Canadian, 8 Italian, 5 English, 4 Portuguese, 3 Rus-
sian, 2 Swedish, 1 Armenian, 1 Irish, 1 Nova Scotian, 1 Scotch, 1
Syrian.
The 10,730 children were divided as follows, to mothers of dif-
ferent age periods :
Number of Mothers. Per cent.
Under twenty years 389 3.63
Twenty, and under twenty-five 2,.394 22.31
Twenty-five, and under thirty 3,182 29.65
Thirty, and under thirty-five 3,453 22.86
Thirty-five, and under forty 1,593 14.85
Forty, and under forty-five 604 .- 5. 63
Forty-five and over 56 53
Unstated age 59 55
Total 10,730 100.00
Plurality Births.
The general statistics in relation to plural births, in Rhode
Island, may be found on page 8, table III.
There were one hundred and fifteen cases during the year, one
hundred and twelve of which were twins and three were triplets,
thus making the number of two hundred and thirty-three children.
Of the 233 children of plural birth, 109 were males and 124 were
females.
The cases occurred in the different divisions of the State as fol-
lows : Bristol county, 1 ; Kent county, 8 ; Newport county towns,
3 ; Newport city, 10 ; Providence county towns, 32* ; Providence
city, 50 ; Washington county, 8.
The following exhibit will show the parentage of children of
plural birth in Rhode Island, in 1898, and number of each :
* Including Central Palls, Pawtucket, and Woonsocket.
1808.] itiiiTiFS. 130
Parents both native Americans v;5
•' " Austrlans 1
" British Americans 2
" French Canadians 17
" " born in England '^
France 1
" " '■ Germany 2
Ireland 12
Italy 8
" " " Portugal 4
" ■* ■' IJussia , 3
Scotland o
Sweden 1
Native father and British American mother 2
Native father and F"renfli Canadian mother 3
Native father and Enijrlish mother 2
Native father and Irish mother 7
Belgian father and Irish mother j
British American father and Irish mother 2
English father and American mother 4
English father and Irish mother 2
French Canadian father and American mother 2
German father and Swiss mother 1
Irish father and native mother 0
Irish father and English mother 1
Norwegian father and Swedish mother 1
Scotch father and British American mother 1
Total births 115
Total children 233
The months in which the phirality births occurred Avere ;is t\)l-
lows :
■lanuary 18 April 7 July M October 7
February 0 May 12 • August 12 November 9
March 10 June 5 September -1 December 8
First Quarter 37 Second (Juartor. . .21 Third Quarter 30 Fourth Quarter.. . .24
First half of year 01 Second half of year 5»
Total 11.-,
The soii^i'il stiitistics of births, aiul number of C(m\s reported
in Rhode Ishind during- a period of forty -live years, that is, from
1854 to 1808, inclusive, are as follows :
140 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION" REPORT. [1898.
385,740 cases of single births giving 285,740 children.
3,015 cases of twin births giving 6,030 childi'en.
31 cases of triple births giving 93 children .
1 ease of quadruple births giving 4 children.
Of tlie whole number of cases of child-birth (288,787) during the
forty -five years, one in 95.8 produced twins, one in 9,316 produced
triplets, and one in 288,787 produced quadruplets.
Of the whole number of children born during the same period
(291,867), ascertained from the reports, one in every 48.4 was a
twin ; one in every 3,138 was a triplet.
Of the 3,047 cases of plurality births which have occurred in the
State during the last forty-five years, there were 1,154 cases in
which both parents were natives ; 1,461 cases in which both parents
were foreign ; 423 cases in which the parents were mixed, that is,
one native and one foreign parent ; and 9 in which the parentage
was not stated.
The whole number of children born in plurality cases, during
the forty-five years, was 6,127, of whom 3,089 were males, and
3,034 were females ; the sex of the remaining four was not given.
Still-Born.
The whole number of still-born children reported in Rhode
Island, for the year 1898, was 413 ; this number is 10 less than for
the year 1897.
The following are the numbers reported from the different divis-
ions of the State :
Bristol County 11
Kent County 33
Newport County Towns 11
Newport City 31
Providence County Towns 60
Central Falls 8
Pawtuoket 28
Providence City 208
Woonsocket 20
Washington County 13
Whole State 413
The following Table will give the number in each town from
which still-births were reported, with the sex, parentage, and
color :
1898.]
BIRTirS.
141
Ta]$le XXVIII.
Still-Born, 1898, LocaHiy, Number, Sex, Parentage, and Color.
TOWNS AND DIVISIONS OF
THE STATE.
Bristol
Warren
Bbistol Coux']
Coventry
East Greenwich.
Warwick
Kemt County...
Little Compton
Middletown
Newport City
New Shoreliam
Portsmouth
Tiverton
Newport County .
Burrillville
Central Falls
Cranston
Cumberland
East Providence
Glocester
Johnston
Lincoln
North Providence —
Pawtucket
Providence City
Soituate
woonsocket
Providence County,
Exeter
North Kingstown.
South Kinpstown.
Westerly
Washington Coi>
42
4
8
12
8
14
1
3
12
3
28
208
8
324
3
6
1
3
Total 418
18
17
112
2
12
182
PARENTAQK.
142
3
10
240 178
10
13
2
12
3
15
131
1
12
120
198
3
5
1
1
1
2
4
8
12
8
14
1
3
12
3
28
193
8
20
309
3
13
393
15
142
FORTY-SIXTH KEGISTEATION EEPORT.
[1898.
Summary of Sex of Still- Born.
The following- table shows the number and sex of the still-born
children whose births were reported in Rhode Island during- each
of the last five years, and also of a period of forty -five years, ex-
tending from January 1, 1854:, to December 31, 1898 :
Table XXIX.
Jan. 1, 1854,
SEX.
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.
to
Dec. 31, 1898.
Males
240
258
244
233
211
6,470
4,591
Females
173
165
180
144
181
Total
413
423
424
367
392
11,061
The average proportions of the sexes of the still-born, for the
period of forty-five years, were as follows : In every 100 still-
births there were about 58 males and 42 males.
Season of Still-Births. — During 1898 the proportions in relation
to season, by percentage, were as follows :
1898. 1898.
First Quarter 25.42 Third Quarter 22.52
Second Quarter , 27.60 Fourth Quarter 24.46
Per cent, first half of the year 53 . 02 Last half of the year ,
46.98
The births of the still-born in the different months of the year,
although somewhat variable in number, do not, as a rule, show-
great discrepancies.
Parentage of the Still-Boen.
Of the 413 still-born children reported in 1898 there were 176
of native, and 237 of foreign parentage, reckoned by the nativity
of the fathers, that is, the father's name given : and 171 of native
and 242 of foreign, reckoned by the nativity of the mothers, name
of father given or not given.
1898.]
BITlTnS.
143
Illegitimates.
In the following- Table will be found the whole inimbor of ille;,'-it-
inijite births returned during 1898, with the sex, color, parentage,
and locality of birth :
Table XXX.
Illegitimates, 1S98. '»
S
a
o
ja
SEX.
COLOR.
PAnENTAOE.
"3
TOWNS.
Is
a
6
3
O
5
1
•cc
a o
|l
1'"
Bristol
1
1
1
8
1
2
6
3
2 i
70
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
37
4
1
83
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
61
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
9
1
1
1
7
1
2
6
2
43
2
2
1
1
1
1
NEwroKT City
2
1
5
East Providence
1
Qlocester
Lincoln
North Smithfield
1
27
3
43
Charlestown
UopkintOD
111
56
55
99
12
76
35
51
There were returns, dTuing 1898, of 111 children of illegitimate
parentage. The number is 17 less than that of the previous year.
Sex. — Of the 111, there were 56 males and 55 females.
144
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898'.
Color. — Of tlie 111 illegitimates born during- 1898, 99, or 89,2
per cent., were white ; and 12, or 10.8 per cent., were colored.
Parentage. — Of the 111, 76, or 68.5 per cent, of all, were born of
native mothers ; and 35, or 31.5 per cent., of foreign born mothers.
The colored illegitimates were all of native parentage. There
were of the 99 white illegitimates, 64 born of native mothers, and
35 of foreign mothers.
The ages of the mothers were as follows :
No. of
Age. Mothers.
16 3
17 3
18 ,.. 7
19 14
20 15
31 9
32 4
No. of
Age. Mothers.
23 14
24 4
25 6
26 2
27 9
28 4
29 2
No. of
Age. Mothers.
30 8
31 3
33 t
35 %
39 1!
Unknown.. i
Total , 1111
Fifty-one of the illegitimates were born of indigent, pauper, or
criminal mothers, in public, charitable, or penal institutions.
Forty-three of these fifty-one births occurred at the Lying-in-
Hospital, in the city of Providence.
The proportion of illegitimates to the whole number of births
was about one in every 97 cases, or about ten in every 1,000.
MARRIAGES, 1898.
The number of marriages registered in Rhode Island, during"
the year 1898, was 3,278. This number is 49 less than in 1896,
and 1-41 more than in 1897.
The general statistics of marriage, in 1898, in relation to season
and number, in the different divisions of the State, may be found
in Tal)le IV, on the ninth page.
The statistics in relation to the proportion to population of per-
sons married in 1898, in each of the towns and general divisions
of the State, may be found in Tables XV and XVI, on pages 118
and 121.
The following Table will present the number of marriages, and
the ratio of marriage to population, in each year for a period of
thirty -nine years, 18G0 to 1898, inclusive :
146
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table XXXI.
YEARS.
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1,748
1,533
1,450
1,618
1,844
1,896
2,318
2,344
2,285
2,289
2,362
2,336
2,537
2,630
2,541
2,485
2,253
2,282
2,324
2,396
2,769
<s> a
p.rH
Org
O to fc,
Jp-I o
50.0
56.8
61.1
54.7
50.1
48.7
39.9
39.8
40.5
47.5
46.0
46.5
42.9
41.3
50.8
52.0
57.3
56.6
55.7
57.8
49.9
a>
%^
^ P
oSPh
oo g
mo O
20.0
17.6
15.1
18.3
19.9
20.5
25.1
25.1
24.8
21.1
21.7
21.5
23.2
24.2
19.6
19.2
17.5
17.7
17.9
17.5
20.0
YEARS.
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
2,750
2,634
2,611
2,558
2,488
2,750
2,839
3,022
3,029
3,195
3,320
3,502
3,544
3,271
3,497
3,327
3,137
3,278
Annual average..
0"^
fto >.
O ai t-
a. t; "^
50.3
52.5
54.4
58.1
61.3
56.5
55.8
53.5
57.8
54.1
53.5
52.4
53.6
57.4
55.0
59.2
64.3
63.2
53.7
Season.
The following' Table will show the number and percentag-e of
marriages in Bhode Island, in each month and each quarter of
the year 1898, together with the aggregate number and percent-
age in each quarter for forty-five years, viz., from 1854 to 1898,
inclusive :
1898.J
MAKUIACiKS.
Taijle XXXII.
147
MONTHS.
January- ■
February
Marcli....
April.
May..
June..
July
August
September.
October . . .
November .
December. .
Total.
•£2
S5
am
2671
I
258}-
I
152J
3211
I
201 1-
I
396 J
1861
I
231 }•
I
332 J
3431
I
384 1-
I
210 J
Number of Mar-
riages each Quar-
ter, 1898.
1st Quarter. .. 675
2d Quarter ... 918
3d Quarter.... 749
4th Quarter . . 936
3,278
Oao
20.59
28.00
22.85
28.56
100.00
Number of Mar-
riages per Quarter,
45 yrs., 1854-1898.
1st Quarter. .23,.536 21.48
2d Quarter... 28,284] 25.82
3d Quarter... 25,627 28. S
4th Quarter.. 32,118 29.31
♦109.585 100.00
The largest number of marriages in any one month, during 1898,
occurred in the month of June. For thirty-eight years previous
to 1892 the greatest number of marriages was in the month of
November. Since then, with the exception of in 1895, the greatest
number of marriages has been in the month of June. The rule
has been as follows : the largest proportion in the last quarter •
the next largest in the second quarter ; followed by the third
quarter ; and, finally, the tirst quarter having the smallest propor-
tion of any. In 1893, 189-4, and 1896, the largest proportion was
in the second quarter.
During 1898 the proportions in the different quarters, from the
largest to the smallest, were as follows : fourth quarter, 29.31 per
cent. ; second quarter, 25.82 per cent. ; third quarter, 23.39 per
cent. ; tirst quarter, 21.48 per cent.
Natb'ity of Persons Married.
The following Table shows the nui/iher of marriages, according
to the nativities of the parties, for each of the last four years, and
* Including 20, date not given, recorded previous to 1860.
148
FOKTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
also for the aggregate of twenty-five years, from 1858 to 1882, in-
clusive ; of five years, from 1883 to 1887, inclusive ; of five years,
from 1888 to 1892, inclusive ; and of five years, from 1893 to 1897,
inclusive :
Table XXXIII.
BIRTH-PLACE.
1898.
1897.
1896,
1895.
5
years,
1893 to
1897.
Total.
5
years,
1888 to
1892.
Total.
5
years,
1883 to
1887.
Total.
35
years,
1858 to
1882,
Total.
United States
1,5S3
991
402
363
1,494
942
344
357
1,587
1,021
363
356
1,649
1,088
390
370
7,846
5,318
1,785
1,827
7,813
4,973
1,637
1,645
7,157
3,601
1,323
1,165
33,553
13,753
Native groom, foreign bride
Foreign groom, native bride
Not stated
3,488
3,876
64
Total
3,278
3,137
3,337
3,497
16,776
16,068
13,246
54,734
It will be understood that in the above enumerations the parent
nativity of the persons married is not considered, but the country
where born.
Parties born in the United States, although children of foreign
born parents, are reckoned as natives.
In the following Table are given the percentages by birth, of
native, foreign, and mixed marriages, in each of the last four years,
and in the aggregate of five years, 1893 to 1897, inclusive ; of five
years, 1888 to 1892, inclusive ; of five years, 1883 to 1887, inclu-
sive ; and of twenty-five years, 1858 to 1882, inclusive :
Table XXXIV.
BIRTH-PLACE.
United States
Foreign countries
Mixed nativity...
Total
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
5 years,
1893-1897.
5 years,
1888-1892.
5 years,
1883-1887.
46.43
30.23
23.34
47.62
80.03
32.35
47.70
30.69
31.61
47.16
31.11
21.73
46.81
31.65
21.54
48.62
30:95
20.43
54.02
37.19
18.79
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
25 years,
1858-1883.
61.30
25.13
13.57
100.00
It will be of some interest to notice that by the exhibit of the
two preceding Tables it is shown that, although the marriages of
1898.]
MAIlUIAOrS.
149
the Uiitivo boiii (wliotlior the issue of foreiiirii Itoiii parents or u.-u
tives) have, as a rule, hicreased in numhers, they have also steadily
decreaaeiJ in proportion, ■with two or three exceptional years, that
is, to the whole number of marriages ; while the marriages of the
class of the exclusively foreign born have been, for the past thirty
years, gradually increasing in proportion.
Denominational: — The 3,278 marriages in 1898 were performed
by clergymen of various denominations, or by civil authority, as
follows :
Denominational.
Boman Catholio 1.315
Baptist 507
Protestant Episcopal 378
Congregational 284
Methodist 271
Free Baptist. . , 91
Lutheran 75
Universalist 67
Christian 47
Presbyterian 32
Justices of Supreme Court 31
Hebrew 30
Advent 23
Seventh Daj- Baptist IG
United Presbyterian IG
Evangelical 12
Advent Christian 12
Primitive Methodist 10
People's Mission 10
Disciples of Christ 8
Unitarian 7
Armenian 5
Second Advent 5
Independent 4
Friends' Ceremony 3
Latter Day Saints 3
New Jerusalem 2
Warden of New Shoreham 1
Denomination not stated 10
Total 3.278
150
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATIOif REPORT.
[1898.
Ages of the Married.
In the following Table the varying ages of persons married
during 1898 are presented :
Table XXXY.
•
AGES OF BRIDES.
CO
g
o
o
AGES OP GROOMS.
CM
O
^
^
§■
}p.
o
i6
o
g
Jg
g
!>
o
2
o
o
O
o
O
o
o
o
o
g
t)
§
S
la
o
o
iO
o
CD
o
!z;
Under 20
52
307
102
22
745
495
3
124
361
1
16
69
1
12
3
••
78
20 to 25
1,193
25 to 30
1,042
30 to 35
22
112
146
92
27
5
1
405
35 to 40
13
46
77
51
44
7
5
243
40 to 45
4
14
25
23
30
17
6
119
45 to 50
5
3
7
7
11
4
25
5
19
11
13
11
2
10
1
1
1
83
50 to 55
1
54
55 to 60
3
3
1
1
1
5
2
3
2
1
5
1
2
8
4
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
31
60 to 65
11
65 to 70
1
10
70 to 75
6
75 to 80
1
9,
3
151
Number of Brides . . .
501
1,446753
270
68
44
28
7
9
■•
1
3,278
1898.]
MARRIAGES.
IT)!
The extreme discrepancies in the ages of some conples married
in 1898 were not so frequent as in some previous years.
The same results in 1898, in rehition to numbers in the diflerent
ag-e periods, may be presented in a diflerent and perhaps clearer
waj^ as follows :
Table XXXVI.
1898.
o
u
<u
a
in
o
o
o
s
o
o
iri
3
O
o
•a
2
lO
o
o
§
o
in
in
o
g
o
in
i-
O
o
o
o
78
501
1,193
1,446
l,04i>
753
405
270
243
151
119
68
83
44
54
28
31
11
9
10
6
1
3
579
2,639
1,795
675
394
187
127
82
38
20
10
3
The whole number of persons in each divisions of ages, of both
sexes, married in Khode Island in each of the last thirty-three
years, that is, from 18GG to 1898, inclusive, is presented in the fol-
lowing Table :
153
FOETY-SIXTH EEGISTRATlON REPOET.
[1898.
Table XXXVII.
YEARS.
1867.
1870. ,
1871..
1872,
1873. ,
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1886.
1887.
1889. ,
1890. .
1891.
1893.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
693
696
644
642
744
697
786
762
770
681
691
631
618
639
688
599
498
497
484
438
505
501
582
543
596
1,931
1,886
1,835
1,814
1,
1,914
2,073
2,177
1,992
2,058
1,741
1,745
1,832
1,879
2,301
3,208
2,125
2,108
2,027
1,973
2,133
2.
2,427
2,463
2,693
3,141
3,011
2,777
2,760
3,763
2,647
2,490
2,639
1,025
1,104
1,050
1,051
1,084
1,118
1,182
1,156
1,179
1,108
1,041
1,118
1,123
1,156
1,262
1,410
1,377
1,370
1,289
1,296
1,552
1,552
1,608
1,493
1,632
1,442
1,729
1,869
1,613
1,887
1,841
1,746
1,795
419
416
433
468
415
393
434
50'
459
475
450
459
441
481
556
547
563
486
569
540
603
607
640
712
673
635
732
776
680
767
713
659
675
213
211
319
22'
216
228
237
253
268
252
224
244
259
273
339
298
301
319
307
309
283
294
330
379
320
315
389
436
375
417
352
359
394
127
148
133
134
159
115
131
140
159
150
154
125
162
133
163
187
161
183
153
163
174
162
307
182
206
158
301
337
183
327
204
184
187
73
81
87
101
101
80
93
74
78
91
107
103
115
114
103
103
114
105
121
102
115
122
133
150
142
124
125
127
59
In the following Table will be found the number and proportion
of the persons married under 20 years of age, both sexes, in eight
1898.
Marriages.
153
periods of five years each, from 185G to 18'.).'), inclnsive; for the
whole period of forty years, iiiid in 179G, 1897, and 1898 :
Table, XXXVIII.
5-YEAR PERIODS,
1i
a
Eh o.
o
i =
a
a
«
2
1856-1860
15,8.38
16,682
23,196
25,058
24,048
26,082
29,670
31,268
3,294
2,406
3.419
3.696
3,267
2,516
2,727
3,249
20 79
18G1-1865
14.42
1866-1870
14 74
1871-1875
14.75
1876-1880
13 59
1881-1885
9 65
1886-1890
9 19
1891-1805
9 48
40 years. 1856-1895
194,842
6.654
6,274
6.556
24,574
617
543
579
12 61
1896
9 27
1 897
8 64
1898
8 83
Per cent., first fifteen years
Percent., second fifteen years.
Per cent., last three years
.16.37
.12.60
. 8.92
154
fOKTlr-SlXTH ilEGiSTEATIOiq" REPORT.
[1898.
Proportion of Sex.
Table exhibiting the percentages of grooms in each division of
ages, in each of the last thirty -nine years :
Table XXXIX.
TEARS.
861,
862,
863,
864.
865.
866.
867.
868,
869
870,
871
872,
873,
874,
875,
876,
877,
878
879
880,
881
882,
883,
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
893
893
894
895
42.8
44.5
37.8
38.0
38.8
37.0
40.9
40.1
39.9
39.6
40.4
40.1
41.3
42.4
40.4
40.9
37.5
36.0
38.5
37.8
38.9
37.2
86.0
36.2
36.2
34.7
35.2
37.1
36.1
37.6
36.9
44.7
40.1
35.3
37.4
36.0
35.5
35.5
36.4
36.9
25.4
27.9
29.6
37.3
38.4
S7.0
27.9
28.2
27.7
28.1
28.9
28.2
26.7
27.2
37.8
28.6
30.3
29.0
28.8
27.5
29.7
31.4
31.7
39.1
30.2
31.9
31.6
31.1
37.8
30.8
26.4
29.3
30.7
29.3
30.6
33.2
32.6
31.8
16.3
15.5
18.3
17.3
17.9
18.9
16.4
16.8
17.1
18.5
16.0
16.5
16.6
17.0
17.5
17.6
17.9
18.7
18.0
19.3
19.9
19.5
30.0
17.7
21.1
30.9
19.6
19.6
19.8
31.3
18.9
17.3
19.0
31.0
19.9
21.0
19.6
19.3
19.8
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.8
7.4
7.5
6.3
6.8
6.1
6.1
6.4
4.9
5.2
6.0
6.4
6.1
5.6
5.9
6.3
5.4
5.8
6.8
6.1
7.2
6.2
6.8,
6.8
6.2
6.5
6.6
6.1
5.3
6.1
6.3
6.8
6.3
6.1
6.3
6.1
3.3
4.2
5.9
5.9
4.3
4.7
4.1
4.1
4.6
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.4
4.1
4.4
4.2
4.3
6.9
4.3
4.8
4.8
4.0
4.3
4.3
5.0
4.8
4.0
3.8
3.7
4.4
4.0
3.3
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.9
3.5
4.0
3.5
1898.]
MA Kill AGES.
155
Table exhibitin-j;- tlio percentag-es of brides in eacli division of
ages, in each of the last tliirty-iiino years :
Table XL.
YEARS.
ri860.
1801.
18G2
1863.
1864.
1865.
1866.
1867.
1868.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1870.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.,
1884.,
1885.,
1886.,
1887.,
1888.,
1889.,
1890.,
1891..
1892. .
1894.
1895.
1896.
1897.
11898.
25.8
29. 6
24.9
24.9
24.2
22.6
24.7
25.4
24.4
24.1
26.8
24.6
26.7
25.3
26.3
23.9
25.6
23.4
22.7
22.8
•21.1
19.0
10.7
1G.2
16.4
14.9
15.8
15.9
16.4
15.1
15.4
17.4
16.8
16.2
15.7
15.3
16.4
14.9
15.3
44.1
42.0
41.3
42.6
43.4
43.3
43.9
40.5
40.9
40.5
39.4
41.9
40.5
40.8
.38.1
42.1
39.8
40.4
40.4
40.7
44.2
43.0
44.8
44.2
43.0
44.6
42.4
44.1
44.3
43.7
47.3
49.9
45.9
43.0
47.0
43.0
44.1
43.9
44.1
3
17.0
15.2
16.7
16.9
17.8
19.1
17.4
19.3
18.1
18.7
17.9
19.1
18.4
17.5
19.3
16.8
17.6
18.8
19.3
19.4
18.0
21.5
20.9
20.6
21.3
21.8
24.5
22.8
82.1
21.5
20.4
17.0
20.1
22.0
20.0
23.4
22.1
23.1
22.9
9.1
7.8
11.8
9.8
10.3
11.0
11.0
10. 0
11.6
12.1
10.8
10.1
9.9
12.0
11.1
11.8
12.0
12.1
12.2
13.1
12.0
11.3
12.6
13.3
13.3
13.2
12.5
13.1
12.4.
14.7
12.0
11.4
13.0
13.3
12.3
12.8
13.4
18.2
12.9
u
0)
o
"O
o
c
■*-•
S3
o
o
in
2.6
4.1
4.1
4.1
2.9
3.5
2.7
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.9
3.1
o o
2.7
3.9
4.0
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.0
3.3
3.8
3.9
4.3
4.2
3.8
3.3
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.6
3.1
3.1
4.1
3.4
4.3
3.8
3.5
3.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.7
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.1
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100 0
100.0
lOO.O
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
156
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTEATIOIST EEPORT.
[1898.
It will be noticed in the preceding tables that the proportions
of persons married of both sexes, under 20 years of age, largely
decreased during the last decade.
Of grooms, the proportion, compared with the first decade, has
decreased nearly 40 per cent., and of females about 37 per cent.
The proportion of males married, between the ages of tAventy
and twenty-five, has decreased over 6 per cent., and has corre-
spondingly increased in the more advanced age periods.
The proportion of females married, between twenty and twenty-
five years of age, has not varied much, while of those between
twenty-five and forty there has been an increase of proportion
similar to that of males.
Number of Times Married.
There will be found in the following Table the number of grooms
and of brides who were married for the first, second, third, etc.,
time in 1898 :
Table XLI.
/' •
First
Marriage.
Second
Marriage.
Third
Marriage.
Fourth
Marriage.
Total.
2,790
3,896
421
365
6T .
16
1
3,278
Brides
3,278
The proportion of grooms married for the first time, in 1898, was
85.1 per cent, of the whole number, and the proportion of hrides
married for the first time was 88.3 per cent.
The following Table will show not only the number of times
each of the parties was married, but also the number of bachelors
and widowers who married spinsters, the number who married
widows of first or second widowhood, etc., and of spinsters and
widows who married bachelors, and widows of the second, third,
or fourth marriage, etc. :
1898.]
MAKKIAOKS.
157
TAJiLE XLII.
BRIDES.
■1
E
o
GROOMS.
§
g
CO
1
O
o
1
First marriage
2,605
256
35
182
ICVS
a
1
2.790
1 43(
Second marriage
154 i 10
29 3
Third marriage
67
Total brides
2.896
365 I i*^
1
3.278
It will be seen, by Table XLII, that 185 bachelors married
Avidows, 3 of Avhom married brides that had been twice widowed.
Of the 488 widowers who married in 1898, 291 married spinsters,
and 197 married widows. Of the widows who married widowers,
13 had been twice married previously, and 1 three times.
Marriages of Persons of Color.
The number of marriages of persons of color in Rhode Island,
in 1898, was 85. This includes seven man'iages in which one of
the parties was white. The number and color of the individuals
was, therefore, 163 persons of color and 7 persons white. The
white persons were females. The marriages, however, may be
properly included in the above class, inasmuch as the offspring of
such marriages are persons of color.
The number reported during 1898, from the different towns, was
as folloAvs, viz. :
Warren 2
Newport 13
Portsmouth 1
Central Falls 2
Providence City 62
Exeter 2
South Kingstown 2
Westerly 1
Total 85
30
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTK A.TIOX REPOET.
[189S.
MaREIALtES of THE Dr^OECED.
The follo^viiLir Table will gixe tlie towns fi'om wliieli returns of
marriage with the facts of diroree were reported during- 1898, the
whole number of marriages of divorced persons, whether of one
or both piuties : also whether the second or third marriage of the
divorced groom or bride :
Table XUH.
X
•3
^
S— ;
-
—
-
—
~ S
*
*
3
^r
U
3:
S£
5:
TOWNS.
S
11
■f =■
^^
--3
c
:. C
i
X
S t.
Si
■^£
S^
§
P^
o
1 !H
■=
3
•z
^
a
a
m
^
m
f
96
i
I
2
108
2
4
1
3
5S
3
1
2
56
2
I
1
4T
5
54
:
^
Bristol
3
1
a
Warren .i
Coven try
1
Warwick
10
6
1
3
11
S
5
3
6
3
1
1
5
3
5
3
1
1
1
N^EwpoBT Crrr
Tivarton
BarrillTine.
1
3
1
(">rNTK»T, Fi^rs. .
Prsiiistnn
:
4
3
1
8
1
Cumberland
3
East ProTidenct? ...
5
1
„
5
3
5
3
1
8
3
1
5
:
3
1
5
1
4
2
2
o
•Johnston
Pa \» V I rKT.T
...
1
Softn3»r«» ....
Smithfield.
WOOXSOCKET . .
3
1
Eseier
Hopkiaton
-1
o
o
1
1
2
"Vorch Kic^5ro^v~n
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
Westerly
1
Total
174
IN'*
r<i
P.V,
-J
-
95
3
1S9M.J
NrArtRIAGES.
IT) 9
There were 174 marrias-es, in 189S, in which one <5r both of the
parties had been divorced.
The proportion of the luunher of niarnage.'s of which one or both
of the parties had been divorced, to the whole number of mar-
riag-es, was about one in every 10, or 5.3 per cent.
But the proportion of divorced jjer.'^on.s married during 1898, to
the whole number of persons married in the same year, was about
one in every 35, or 2.9 per cent., or 29 in every 1,000.
The number of divorced persons married, in 1808, was one less
than in the previous year.
These 1T4 marriages of divorced persons were performed by
clergymen of the different denominations, or by civil authority, as
follows :
Baptist 68
Methodist 29
Congregational 20
Univei-salist 13
Free Baptist 10
Justices of Supreme Ci.>urt 8
Christian 7
Protestant Episcopal 3
Presbyterian :i
Roman Cathollf' :j
Hebrew 2
Advent.. :
Unitarian . i
Lutheran 1
Disciples of Christ . :
Independent i
Second Adveut 1
Unknown j
Marriage and Education. — Of the number of persons married,
in 1898, 406 signed their marriage certificates with a mark. The
following will show the number of males and females who did so,
and their nativity :
Whole Xo.
Males .191
Females 21o
Native.
.. 41...
.. -tr...
Foreiarn.
.... 150
.... ltS8
Total 401).
8S.
S18
BlYOliCES, 1898.
According- to the returns made to the Secretary of the State
Board of Health (State Registrar) by the clerks of the Supreme
Courts of the different counties of Rhode Island, the number of
applications for divorce, during 1898, was six hundred and fifteen
(615).
The number of divorces granted, during" 1898, was four hundred
(400).
There were 71 more applications, during* 1898, than during the
preceding year, and the number of divorces granted was 28 more.
Divorces are decreed for the following seven statute causes, viz.:
1. Adultery.
2. Extreme cruelty.
3. Wilful desertion for five years of either of the parties, or for
a shorter period, in the discretion of the court.
4. Continued drunkenness.
5. Neglect or refusal to provide necessaries (having ability)
for the subsistence of a wife.
6, Gross misbehavior and wickedness other than aforesaid.
7. Impotency.
Divorces are also decreed, or marriages set aside, in the discre-
tion of the court, for ascertained affinity, consanguinity, idiocy^
insanity, penitentiary crimes, and bigamous or otherwise illegal
marriage.
1 8!»8. ]
DIVORCES.
k;i
The following- Table shows the number of applications for di-
vorce, and the nninl)er q-ranted, in 1808, in each county of the
State ; also the causes alleged for the applications :
Table XLIV.
o
Causes Alleged.
■c
^
,
0*
si
a
m
'
•a f'
be
COUNTIES.
"a,
<
a
s!
0
c «
tX)
Ol
o
O
a)
O
3
a
5
o
o
e
a
pj
k.
SfO)
4>
•a
?-
a
a
7
I •«
X
9
21
8
o
(UJ',
o
e
•t Ol
p
14
31
7
22
11
<
4
5
2
10
6
o
2
5
3
10
21
13
o
3
4
5
t>
HJta
^
Bristol
30
66
42
526
95
333
1<»
86
9
220
179
18
132
7
333
17
80
9
3
1,033
62
615
400
104
247
235
149
394
101
3
—
1,233
There were, during the year 1898, six hundred and fifteen (615)
applications for divorce, and the whole number of causes alleged
was twelve hundred and thirty-three (1,233). There was, there-
fore, an average of rather more than two causes alleged in each
application.
The causes alleged why divorces should be granted in the ap-
plications, during 1898, were 187 more in number than in 1897.
In order to show the actual number of applications, and the
number of divorces granted in each of the last twenty-six years,
the following summary is presented :
163 FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
Applications
Applications Divorces refused or continued
for divorce. granted. or withdrawn.
18T3 261 173 88
1874 276 242 34
1875 227 1.58 69
1876 .'.... 254 196 58
1877 257 178 79
187S 258. 196 62
1879 255 246 .. 9
1880 347 273 74
1881 350 268 83
1883 339 271 68
1883 321 257 64
1884 320 261) 54
1885 293 227 66
1886 336 257 79
1887 322 248 74
188S 304 224 80
1889 366 ' 274 92
1890 337 244 83
1891 362 275 87
1893 412 396 116
1893 529 301 228
1894 506 280 226
1895 516 373 143
1896 526 363 163
1897 544 373 172
1898 615 400 215
36 years, total 9,433 6,858 2,565
The average annual proportion of decrees of divorce granted
during the last twenty-six years, to the applications therefor, was
72.8 per cent.
During the last ten years the proportions were as follows :
1896, 1897, 1898.
.69.0 68.4 65.0
The proportion of divorces granted, in 1898, to the whole number
of marriages during the same year, was one divorce to every eight
and two-tenths marriages.
The proportion of applications for divorce to whole number of
marriages, during the year, was one application to every five and
three-tenths marriages.
Years
....1889,
1890,
1891,
1892,
1893,
1894,
1895,
Per cent
....74.8...
...74.6..
...76.0...
...71.8...
,..56.9...
,..55.3...
...72.3.
1808, 1
nivoiiCKs,
1C:J
Tlie followinj^'- Tiible shows tho number of divorces granted in
each connty, and tlio whole State, in each of the last thirty years,
and the proportion of niarriag^es to each divorce <^ranted in each
year :
Table XLV.
YKAKS.
18G9.
isro.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.
1884.
1885.
1866.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891.
1892.
1693.
1894.
1895.
1696.
1897.
1898.
Bristol
Couuty.
Kent
County.
15
18
11
13
22
20
18
15
9
11
19
23
26
18
15
20
9
17
23
14
27
19
20
19
10
22
17
21
20
22
•25
12.5
11.8
17.9
15.7
9.8
8.0
8.6
12.8
16.3
13.3
9.0
9.4
7.3
10.3
11.5
8.0
18.0
11.0
8.0
13.5
8.8
12.1
11.2
12.4
23.8
9.0
9.9
7.5
8.5
9.3
Newport
County.
11
10
15
9
12
17
15
13
4
14
1
17
20
21
18
11
18
16
19
•2h
27.7
20.3
49.7
22.9
21.9
29.0
23.4
20.5
26.0
12.8
24.1
17.6
16.9
13.0
21.2
15.7
11.2
12.3
13.4
46.0
14.0
2.32.0
12.6
11.6
9.9
12.3
21.3
11.3
12.9
9.9
Providence
County.
120
152
123
149
131
190
120
148
134
156
195
208
207
221
214
209
186
194
187
188
211
196
214
WashlnRton
County.
13.8
11.3
13.3
12.6
14.8
10.0
14.9
11.1
12.4
10.9
9.1
9.7
10.0
8.9
9.2
9.3
10.1
10.9
11.8
12.5
11.2
12.3
11.2
2.36 I 11.6
235
11.5
207
12.4
318
8.8
.S04
8.8
300
8.1
3S3
7.8
21
18
22
6
10
11
20
21
12
20
23
19
11
13
21
12
26
24
13
16
24
14
19
22
26
10
13
SI
19
a> O
tit.
15.5
9.3
11.4
8.9
33.7
11.6
20.5
8.8
9.9
17.3
9.7
17.0
11.0
16.2
13.3
8.2
15.0
7.3
7.9
16.5
10.8
8.8
14.3
10.4
8.0
6.8
11.8
10.1
9.7
9.8
Whole
State.
B
O
B
o
a 6
o
?,
0)0
tt,>
r.
•=«
o
>
OJ
O
s
162
200
242
158
190
178
196
246
273
268
271
257
266
227
237
248
224
274
244
275
296
301
280
373
863
372
400
14.1
11.8
161 I 14.5
200 I 12.7
173 15.2
10.5
15.7
11.5
12.8
11.9
9.7
10.1
10.4
9.7
10.2
9.6
11.0
10.7
11.4
13.5
11.1
13.0
12.1
11.8
11.8
11.7
9.4
9.2
8.4
8.2
164 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTEATION REPORT. [1898.
The ratio of divorces granted in the entire State, during 1898,
to the whole number of marriag-es during the same year, was one
divorce to about every eight and two-tenths marriages, as pre-
viously stated.
During the ten years 1869 to 1878, inclusive, the ratio of divorce
to number of marriages was one divorce to every thirteen ; during
the ten years 1879 to 1888, inclusive, the ratio was one divorce to
every ten and six-tenths marriages.
The average of the last ten years was one divorce to about every
ten and four-tenths marriages.
During the thirty years 1869-1898 the average proportions of
divorce to marriage, in the several counties and the State, have
been as follows :
Bristol County One divorce to every 20.8 marriages.
Kent County One divorce to every 11.7 marriages.
Newport County One divorce to every S9.9 marriages.
Providence County One divorce to every 10.9 marriages.
Washington County One divorce to every IS.l marriages.
Whole State One divorce to every 11.4 marriages.
1808.]
DIVORCKS,
1G5
?^ ~
X
(J
\ ^
OJ T-H
C^ i-H
rH C<
>
DEATHS, 1898.
The number of deaths registered in Rhode Island, during 1898,
according to the returns made to the State Registrar, was six
thousand, nine hundred and five (6,905).
This number is smaller by 599 than that of the year 1896, and
is 205 less than that of 1897.
The death rate (16.7 in every 1,000 living persons) was nine-
tenths less than that of the previous year.
The following summary will show the death rates per 1,000 for
each of the last five census years, in comparison with the last five
years :
1875. 1880. 1885. 1890. 1895. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. 1898.
16.7 17.5 17.7 20.7 19.6 19.1 19.6 19.1 17.6 16.7
Since 1876 the returns have been more complete than previously,
and during the last ten years few deaths have occurred in the
State which were not reported.
On the following page will be found the death rates, by coun-
ties, for thirty-eight years ;
1808.]
DEATHS.
10'
Table XLVII.
Denlh rates per 1,000 lirinf/, hy counties, for thirty -eir/ht years, from ISGl to 1S9S.
inclusire ; also the averurje rate of each period of fux years each, from
1861 to 1895, inclusive, for the whole State.
YEARS.
o
n
a
1
o
o.
OJ
'A
§
1
1
it)
a
1
STATE.
ANNUAL AVERAGE OF
FIVE-TEAB PERIODS,
1861-1895.
Five years, 1861-1865
17.7
19.2
17.0
15.7
17.9
15.5
16.3
21.1
18.4
14.7
14.9
14.7
18.2
17.5
13.2
19.2
17.9
16.5
17.7
17.7
16.3
19.2
18.2
21.3
17.6
22.1
20.5
20.0
19.9
16.5
20.9
17.9
18.6
15.0
15.9
14.2
15.1
13.7
16.7
13.5
17.5
16.1
13.8
13.2
14.9
11.7
13.1
14.2
15.1
14.9
16.5
15.3
14.6
17.1
16.4
]7.r,
15.5
18.4
20.1
17.6 i
18.0 i
20.7
19.4
19.8 ;
17.4 i
18.8 i
16.7
15.6
18.9
17.3
15.0
14.7
13.2
14.1
12.2
14.5
19.0
10.8
13.5
13.5
12.4
13.7
14.8
14.5
15.7
17.2
17.7
14.5
14.5
15.0
15.1
18.0
14.7
16.5
20.6
20.1
17.9
16.9
15.9
17.0
10.2
15.5
17.7
16. G
16.4
17.0
16.0
15.5
15.9
21.2
22.0
17.7
17.5
16.8
18.7
18.3
17.2
18.5
19.3
19.7
20.8
17.8
18.5
19.2
21.1
21.0
19.2
22.1
18.6
20.2
19.9
19.1
fO.l
19.2
17.6 !
16.7
12.4
11.4
10.9
10.0
12.8
12.0
12.3
14.7
15.1
13.7
15.5
15.9
12.8
13.0
11.1
12.7
11.9
11.0
9.8
12.6
14.0
15.0
15..-.
16 0
14.6
13.5
12.6
15.2
12.6
16.4
15.0
15.3 1
14.7
14.5
17.1
16. n
15.6
15.7 ^
1
15.6
14.9J
15.41
19.1
20.2 1-
16.3
16.7J
15.91
,r.!
17.2)-
16.2
17.5J
18. M
18.4
19.1 ;•
16.9
17.7 1
18.81
10.9
20.4 \
19.0 j
20.7J
19.61
20.1
19.6 y
-'■'!
19.6J
19.1
17.6
16.7
...17.1 per 1,000 living.
1806
1867
1868
...15.6 per 1,000 living.
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
...17.5 per 1,000 living.
1874
1-75
1876
1877
1878
...16.8 per 1,000 living.
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
...18.0 per 1,000 living.
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889 •
...19.8 per 1,000 living.
1890
1891
1892
1893
...19.6 per l.COO living.
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
Annual average, thirty-five yeai
•s, 1861-1895
...17.8 per 1,000 living.
168 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
Sex of Decedents.
Of tlie 6,905 persons whose deaths were returned, during the
year 1898, 3,554 were males, and 3,351 were females ; the ratio
standing" at 106.1 males to each 100 females, or about 515 males
and 485 females in every 1,000 decedents.
The following Table will show the number and proportion of
males and females among the decedents in Rhode Island, during
the ten years 1853 to 1862, inclusive ; also in each of the thirty-
six years from 1863 to 1898, inclusive, and for the entire period of
forty-six years :
Table XL VIII.— DEATHS.
Males to
Males. Females. every 100 females.
lOyessrs, 18.53-1862 10,930 11,269 96.9
1863 1 ,621 1,586 102.2
1864 1,633 1,727 92.4
1863 1,686 1,719 98.1
1866 1,497 1,473 101.5
1867 1,448 1,447 99.7
1868 1,413 1,499 94.3
1869 1,696 1,686 100.6
1870 1,588 1,650 96.2
1871 1,621 1,723 94.1
1872 2,118 2,129 99.4
1878 2,166 2,237 95.5
1874 2,111 2,118 99.7
1875 2,108 2,209 95.4
1876 1,969 2.147 91.7
1877 2,132 2,318 92.0
1878 2,161 2,280 94.8
1879 2,183 2,289 95.4
1880... 2,366 2,463 96.0
1881 2,467 2,549 96.8
1882 2,487 2.587 96.5
1883 2,027 2,655 99.0
1884 2,486 2.655 93.6
1885 2,(i07 2,782 98.7
IKKli 2,8^3 3,016 93.9
1887 3,177 3.163 100.4
18(<S 3,199 3,395 95.4
1889 3,093 3,166 97.7
1890 3,501 3,433. 102.0
1891 3,341 3,279 101.9 ^
1892 3,725 3,671 101.5
1893 3,789 3,651 103.8
1894 3,559 3.601 98.8
1895 3,799 3,736 101 .6
1896 3,874 3,630 106.7
1897 3,587 3,523 106.7
1898 3,554 3,351 106.1
46 years 102,146 103,812.
1898.1 DEAtns. 16^
The followiug- table of hirt/ia, during the same period of time as
the iireeedino:, Avill show by comparison tlie difTerent jiroiKJitions
of the sexes in the two ckxsses of events :
Table XLIX.— BIRTHS.
Males to
Males. Females. every 100 female?.
10 years, 1S53-18C2 18.377 17.200 106.4
18C3 1,892 1,788 105.8
1864 I.n49 1.042 100.3
1865 2,096 1,857 112.9
1866 2.546 2.256 108.0
1867 2,655 2,464 107.0
1868 2,745 2,627 104.5
1869 2,685 2.560 104.9
1 870 2,679 2.536 104 .9
1871 2.878 2,800 105.8
1872 3,085 3,058 100.9
1873 3.135 2,887 108.0
1874 3.311 3.1.55 104.9
1875 3.362 3.146 106.9
1876 3.291 3.038 108.3
1877 3,1G3 3.072 103.0
1878 3.402 3.312 102.7
1879 3.2.59 3.091 105.4
1880 3,241 3,054 106.1
1S81 3,498 3,263 107.2
18S2 3,.509 3,316 105.8
1S83 3.548 3,498 101.4
1884 3,713 3..592 103.4
1885 3.591 3.437 104.4
ISKO 3.897 3,724 104.6
1887 .3,968 3,700 107.4
ISSS 4,02;3 3.817 105.4
1889 4.193 4,027 104.1
1890 4,351 4,199 103.2
1891 4,920 4,.-)00 109.5
1892 4.765 4.505 109.3
1893 5.105 4,943 103.3
1894 5,129 4.856 105.6
1895 5,136 4.746 108.2
1896 5,461 5.289 103.3
1897 5,493 5,30J ia3.5
1898 5,443 5,287 102.9
46 years 149,500 142,004 105.3
170
FORTY-SI^TH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Season and Mortality.
The whole number of decedents, and the sex of the same, in
each month of the year 1898, and in each division of the State,
may be found in Table V, on the tenth and eleventh pages.
The influence of season upon mortality may be further illus-
trated by the following- Table, which shows the number and per-
centage of deaths, compared with the whole number of deaths, in
each quarter of each of the last five years, and in the aggregate
for forty-five years, 1853 to 1897, inclusive :
Table L.
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.
45 years,
1853-1897.
SEASON.
S
a
5?5
o
o
s
Oh
a
c
o
CD
CM
S
a
<v
o
S
xi
s
o
S
Ph
0)
a
a
<D
S
Ph
u
6
3
(V
o
0
Ph
January-March .
April-June
July-September .
Oct.-December..
1,6S7
1,643
1,998
1,63T
23.56
S3. 79
28.94
23.71
1,937
1,540
2,024
1,609
27.24
21.66
28.47
22.63
1,833
1,856
2,212
1,603
24.43
24.73
29.48
21.36
1,962
1,673
2,091
1,809
26.04
22.20
27.75
24.01
1,919
1,696
2,056
1,489
26.80
23.69
28.71
20.80
47,004
42,029
55,526
48,235
24.38
21.80
28.80
25.02
Total
6,905
100.00
7,110
100.00
7.504
100.00
7,.535
100.00
7,160
100.00
192,794
100.00
Comparing the percentages of 1898 with those of the forty-five
years, we find that of the first quarter is .82 per cent, smaller ; the
second quarter is 1.99 per cent, larger; the third quarter .14 per
cent, larger; and the last quarter 1.31 per cent, smaller than for
the average of the forty-five years. The greatest mortality for any
one season of any year is usually found in the third quarter, but
in 1890, owing in large measure to the epidemic of influenza, the
first quarter had the largest mortality.
1898.]
^
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171
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15 — t-
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O = —
£_5 c ;5's c.xj«
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cs — C5 c;
fir; :o I-? TT-
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172
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Nativity of Decedents.
There may be found in Table I, on pages 2-5, the number of
decedents in 1898, by division of the two classes of native and
foreig-n born.
Of the whole number of decedents, 6,905, 4,957 were native born,
that is, were born in the United States, and 1,948 were born out-
side of the United States.
Parentage of Decedents.
Of the whole number of decedents, 6,905, reported in 1898, 2,938
were of native, and 3,967 were of foreign and unknown parentag-e.
By the term '^ ioveign pa?'e?Hage" is meant the decedents whose
fathers were born in some other country and not in the United
States. The grandchildren of the foreign born are reckoned as of
native parentage, if their fathers were born in the United States.
The following eleven towns reported a larger number of decedents
of foreign parentage than of native, namely : Warren, Warwick,
Burrillville, Central Falls, Cumberland, Johnston, Lincoln, North
Providence, North Smithfield, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woon-
socket ; also the State Institutions at Cranston.
These numbers varied from a moderate excess to three or four
times as many of foreign as of TLdXvuQ lyarentage.
The following Table gives the number and proportion in every
one thousand deaths of decedents of native and of ioreign paroit-
age, in each of the last five years ; and in the aggregate for forty
years, or from 1858 to 1897, inclusive :
Table LII.
1898.
1897.
1896.
1895.
1894.
40 years,
185S-1897.
PARENTAGE.
§3
a
1
o
s
Si
CD
Oh
S
15
o
o
05
a
3
o"
o
u
s
s
o
o
Ph
S
a
1
S
1
o
s
P-I
Native
2,938
3,967
425.5
574.5
3,102
4,008
436.3
563.7
3,088
4,416
411.5
588.5
3,244
4,291
430.5
569.5
3,054
4,106
4-26.5
573.5
103,927
102,579
206,506
503.5
496 7
Total
6,905
1000.0
7,110
1000.0
7,504
1000.0
7 535
1000 0
7,160
1000.0
1000 0
1898.] DEATHS. 17,3
Age of Decedents.
In Table I, on pa^es 2-5, may be found the aggres^ate and aver-
age age of all the decedents whose deaths oceuiTed in 1898, and
with the age of each sex, in each town and county in the State.
By that Table it will be seen that the average age of all the
male decedents in the State, in 1898, was 3-1.34 years, and that the
average age of all the female decedents, in the same year, was 36.34
years ; the average age of all decedents, of both sexes, was 35.31
j-ears.
The average age of the total decedents in the State, in 1898, was
six one-huudredths of a year less than the average for 1897.
The average age of the male decedents, in 1898, was greater by
sixty-three oue-hundredths of a year, and the average age of the
female decedents was sixty-two one-huudredths of a year less than
in the previous year.
The followiugjTable ^Nill present, separately, the average age of
the male and female decedents, and the average age of all dece-
dents in each year for thirty-eight years ; also the average age in
seven periods of live years each, from 1861 to 1895, inclusive :
22
174
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT.
Table LIII.
[1898.
YEARS.
1861
1863
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875,
1876
1877,
1878,
1879
1880,
1881
1882
1883,
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889,
1890
1891
1892
1893
1594
1895
1896
1897
^^
> o
26.95
29.64
28.29
28.13
26.88
31.13
32.16
30.47
28.62
31.02
32.57
28.41
26.18
28.03
29.72
31.47
29.25
29.02
31.29
29.62
30.99
31.33
33.64
32.29
33.53
33.02
30.97
83.17
32.20
31.04
82.70
32.96
30.97
82.47
31.70
80.86
33.71
34.34
? d
boa
^^
05,
30.58
32.65
80.86
30.43
28.97
35.07
35.86
35.08
31.29
32.75
34.43
31.15
28.62
31.66
32.75
33.21
31.56
31.11
83.24
32.06
34.07
35.57
37.44
35.12
35.60
34.91
32.91
35.74
35.74
34.26
36.28
37.75
33.99
34.40
36.49
34.47
37.06
36.34
^<
Average Age,
5-year periods,
1861-1895.
28.821
31.15
29.56 1-
29.40
27.69J
33.091
34.01
32.85 I-
30.25
81.90J
33.521
29.
27.42 1-
28.86
31. 27 J
32.371
80.45
30.09 }
33.29
.30. 86 J
32.551
33.50
35.55 !-
33.76
34.59J
34.011
81.95
84.53 1-
34.00
33.62J
34.471
35.34
32.46 1-
I
83.44 I
34.08J
32.61
35.37
35.31
1898.]
DEATHS.
175
Tlio above Table shows that the averag-e longevity of the dece-
dents ill lUiode Island increased nearly five years, during a period
of tliirty-tive years, ending with 181)5.
The following- Table will present some of the facts of the preced-
ing as occurring in the difl'erent divisions of the State, as well as
of the State at large. It will show the average age of the dece-
dents in each of the larger divisions of the State, in each of the
last four years, and also the average of each of seven periods of
five years each, comprising- the thirty-five years from 1863 to 1897,
inclusive :
Table LIV.
Divisions
OF THE State.
Bristol County
Kent County
Newport County
Providence County*.
Providence City
Washington County.
Whole State.
1898.
1897.
189C.
1895.
Si
ooo
^'2
r a
oo >.
OOi-O
00 in
1878-1882,
5 years.
40.09
37.84
40.88
43.94
42.78
39.76
38.45
36.68
32.74
31.79
80.92
33.15
31.07
32.22
37.66
37.11
39.57
41.37
37.27
39.22
39.98
40.63
43.41
39.21
32.18
33.98
29.74
31.90
30.79
31.63
31.83
80.60
33.18
33.44
31.33
31.76
32.03
33.44
32.19
29.50
50.'25
4fi.O?
44.95
48.35
46.55
46.77
43.39
41.01
35.31
35.37
32.61
34.08
33.59
34.19
33.97
31.86
OCIO
33.61 35.12 34.78
36.20 34.77 ! 35.81
I
40.68 i 40.04 33.54
28.46 25.26 29.16
27.19 25.45 28.50
41.14 39.67 30.87
30.28 i 31.66 i 30.73
By reference to Table LIV, it will be seen that the average age
of all decedents during the last four years is nearly five years
greater than the first period of five years, 1863-1807.
Percentage of Decedents by Different Ages.
In Table YI, on pages 12 to 17, inclusive, will be found the num-
ber of deaths in 1898, in each town and each county, of each sex,
and in each period of life, with the percentage of the whole num-
ber of deaths in each division to the population of the same bj'-
geometrical estimation from the census of 1895.
The following Table shows the percentage of decedents in each
division of ages, to whole number of deaths, in each of the last
six years, and in the aggregate for three periods ; one of twenty
years and seven months, from June 1st, 1852, to December 31,
1872, inclusive; one of ten years, from 1873 to 1882, inclusive; and
one of ten years, from 1883 to 1892, inclusive :
* Exclusive of Providence city.
176
FOETY-SIXTH REGISTEATION EEPORT.
[1898.
Table LV.
PERIODS OF LIFE.
Under 1 year
1 and under 2
2 and under 5
Total
5 and under 10
10 and under SO
20 and under 30
30 and under 40
40 and under 50
50 and under 60
60 and under 70
70 and under 80
80 and under 90
Over 90 and not stated
Total
1898.
22.9
4.7
4.1
31.7
2.4
8.8
8.0
8.1
8.1
10.1
11.1
10.1
5.6
1.0
100.0
1897.
22.5
4.9
4.5
31.9
2.5
4.4
8.0
7.7
7.6
8.5
11.5
10.9
6.0
1.0
100.0
1896.
24.4
4.7
5.9
35.0
3.1
4.4
8.0
8.0
7.6
8.9
10.0
9.0
5.0
1.0
100.0
1895.
21.7
5.3
6.3
33.2
3.6
4.3
8.6
7.5
8.0
8.6
10.3
9.8
5.3
.9
100.0
1894.
23.1
4.8
5.1
33.0
2.7
5.1
8.6
7.4
8.5
8.9
10.2
9.3
5.0
1.3
100.0
1893.
23.3
5.2
5.3
33.7
3.9
4.5
7.9
8.0
8.4
8.9
10.0
8.9
4.8
1.0
100.0
30.4
5.6
5.8
31.8
3.5
5.1
8.7
7.9
7.5
8.5
9.7
9.9
5.9
1.5
100 0
IN
OS
ff o
18.9
8.4
34.9
5.0
5.8
9.2
7.8
6.9
7.2
8.2
8.8
5.1
1.1
100.0
17.8
8.8
8.7
35.3
4.8
6.0
9.6
8.4
7.3
7.0
7.6
7.2
5.1
1.1
Compared witli the average of thirty years, ending with 1882,
the average proportion of the mortality of children under one
year of age, during the last six years, was 4.8 per cent., or about
48 in every one thousand deaths more than the average in the
longer period.
The proportions in the other periods were not greatly different
from previous years, although there was some increase of per-
ce ntage in the age periods above fifty 3'^ears.
The following Table will present the varying proportions of
deaths to whole number of deaths, in four different periods of life,
from 50 years of age to 90 years, grouped in four periods of aver-
ages of ten years each, 1853-1892 ; in 1893, 1894, 1895, 1896, 1897,
and 1898 :
1898.
DEATirS.
177
Table LYI.
Age of
Decedents.
oS2
"a
Pr.ct.
50 to 60 1 6.7
60 to 70 6.9
70 to SO.
80 to 90.
7.3
4.6
SS5
Pr.ct. Pr.ct.
7.3
8.3
8.4
5.4
7.2
8.2
8.8
5.1
Pr.ct.
8.5
9.7
9.9
5.9
1893.
10.0
8.9
4.8
1894.
Pr.ct. Pr.ct.
8.9 8.9
10.2
9.3
5.0
1895.
Pr.ct.
8.6
10.8
9.8
5.3
1896.
Pr.ct.
8.g
10.0
9.0
5.0
1897.
Pr.ct: Pr.ct.
10.1
11.1
8.5
11.5
10.9
6.0
10.1
5.6
Colored Decedents.
There were 196 deaths of persons of color during 1898.
The towns from which they were returned, and number in each,
were as follows :
Providence City 117
Bristol 2
Warwick 3
Jamestown 1
Newport City 39
Cranston 16
East Providence 2
Johnston 1
Pawtucket 3
Hopkinton 2
Narragansett 2
South Kingstown 5
Richmond 1
Westerly 2
Total 196
Season. — The deaths in the different months were as follows :
m
I'ORTY-SiXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Months. Deaths.
January 13
February 13
March 18
Months.
April . . .
May —
Deaths.
13
16
June 19
Months. Deaths.
July 17
August 30
September 18
Months. Deaths.
October 16
November 8
December 16
Pirst Quarter 43 Second Quarter. . .48 Third Quarter 65 Fourth Quarter . . .40
First six months, 91 ; second six months, 105. Total, 196.
The following summary will show the proportion, to the whole
colored population, of each of the events of birth, marriage, and
death of colored persons, during the twenty-one years from 1878
to 1898, inclusive :
879.
881.
885.
887.
One Birth
in every
....36.4....
....39.6....
....47.1....
....34.3....
,...36.8
....83.4....
....34.8....
....36.7....
....34.6....
,...35.8
....37.6....
890.
891.
89S.
895.
896.
897.
.45.3.
.42.8.
.40.6.
.38.6.
.34.3.
.35.9.
.35.1.
.38.5.
,37.9.
One Person
married in every
39.2
51.4
........43.3
39.2
44.5
63.3
46.0
51.7
43.2
38.9
55.0
52.0
57.6
41.2
38.5
44.2
56.6
42.6
38.9
36.0
48.2
One Death
in every
....40.2
37.3
....44.0
....35.4
....45.4
....39.7
...34.5
....40.1
....37.8
....37.2
....38.0
....40.0
.. .41.0
....36.4
....31.3
31.3
....34.2
32.1
....37.9
....41.3
....41.8
In every one thousand of the colored population there were, in
1898 :
Of Births.
26.4...
Of Persons Married.
20.8
Of Deaths.
23.9
The following exhibit will show the number of living births,
marriages, and deaths among the colored population of Rhode
1«U8. I DKATIIS. 179
Tsl.uul, during' ten years, from 18G1 to 1870, inclusive ; 10 years,
from 1871 to 18H0, inclusive ; 10 years, from 1881 to 1800, inclu-
sive; and for 1801, 1802, 180:J, 180i, 1895, 1800, 1897, and 1808, and
the aggregate of the same :
10 years, 1801-1870 1,131 births 557 marrla^'es 1,153 deaths.
10 years. 1871-1880 1,GI5 births 705 marriages 1,573 deaths.
10 years, 1881-J890 1.951 births 752 marriages 1,800 deaths.
1891 173 births 95 marriages 304 deaths.
1892 182 birtlis 98 marriages 236 deaths.
1893 203 births 90 marriages 2.50 deaths.
1891 221 births 07 marriages 222 deaths.
1895 221 births 93 marriages 247 deaths.
1890 220 births. . 102 marriages 209 deaths.
1697 200 births 110 marriages 192deaths.
1898 216 births 85 marriages 196 deaths.
Total, 38 years 0,348 births 2,754 marriages 6,342 deaths.
During the first ten years (1861-1870) there were 22 more deaths
than births ; during the second ten (1871-1880j, 42 more births
than deaths ; during the last ten years (1881-1890), 94 more births
than deaths. During 1891 the number of births was 31 less than
the number of deaths. During 1892 the number of births was 54
less than the number of deaths. In 1893 the number of births
was 47 less than the number of deaths. In 1894 the number of
births was 1 less than the number of deaths. In 1895 the num-
ber of births was 26 less than the number of deaths. In 1896 the
number of births was 17 more than the number of deaths. In
1807 the number of births was 14 more than the numl)er of deaths,
and in 1898 the number of births was 20 more than the number of
deaths.
182
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT
[1898.
S Co
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1898.1
DKATIIK.
183
- B
3«
( AT Si:s OF DKATII, l<Si)8.
The statistics of the causes of death in Khode Island, in 1898,
may be found in Tables YII, VIII, IX, and X. The whole num-
ber of deaths, as previously stated, was 6,905, which was 205 less
than the number returned in 1897, and 599 less than the number
reported in 1896. The number of which the cause of death was
reported was 6,885, and the number of which the cause was not
stated was 20.
The following Table shows the number of deaths, in 1898, in
each large division of the State, and the number and proportion
in each division from which causes were reported unknown :
Table LYII.
Bristol
County.
Kewport
County
Towns.
9
256:
t> o o
a
o .
S o
'Ji O
1
a
o
G
o
p.
(D
,!2:
4J
<o
o
3
at
PL.
a
■Si
a
a
o
1
o
Number of deaths
Cause not stated
212
516
3
145
2
1,168
3
869
3
218
349
1
548
1
2,929
8
458
6.905
20
172 T9
888
184
349
543
866
345
29
186
FOETT-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table LVIII.
Proportion of Deaths reported with " Causes Unknoivn " in each
Division of the State, for a period of forty -three years,
from 1856 to 1898, inclusive.
YEARS.
856-1860, One in every.
861-1865, One in every
866-1870, One in every.
871-1875, One in every.
876, One in every
877, One in every
878, One in every
879, One in every
880, One in every
1-1880, One in every.
881, One in every
882, One in every
883, One in every
884, One in every
885, One in every
-1885, One in every.
5, One in every
7, One in every
8, One in every
9, One in every
0, One in every
6-1890, One in every.
891, One in every
892, One in every
893, One in every
894, One in every
895, One in every
891-1895, One in every.
896, One in every.
897, One in every.
898, One in every.
State Divisions.
Wo
18.1
33.1
83.9
38.6
11.5
201.0
32.1
16.6
21.9
31.9
204.0
37.6
40.4
100.0
185.0
75.4
110.5
212.0
251.0
208.0
228.0
1,155.0
5.0
13.1
8.9
8.6
7.9
17.7
7.4
9.2
23.5
17.2
13.0
11.6
15.9
40.0
355.0
go
20.1
192.5
343.0
408.0
152.0
413.0
96.3
192.3
522.0
277.5
116.6
536.0
172.0
7.2
16.1
26.7
13.1
18.5
9.7
9.0
12.4
13.5
19.9
11.2
10.9
15.0
81.6
137.0
18.8
86.0
73.5
152.7
221.0
236.0
125.1
598.0
591.0
64.2
173.0
123.7
159.6
127.7
104.6
'2 «
o o
7.1
9.9
9.9
11.9
13.7
9.5
10.5
18.1
7.3
10.6
15.3
91.7
45.6
15.7
87.0
782.6
164.3
176.7
109.0
154.8
159.0
240.0
70.3
91.6
280.6
126.5
707.5
139.5
596.3
30.';
83.4
124.3
323.0
124.2
225.1
122.3
39.6
143.0
187.0
392.8
372.1
309.1
242.2
195.1
264.0
293.8
120.0
190.0
189.0
175.0
212.0
324.0
144.9
90
151.8
155.6
187.4
366.1
7.3
23.7
16.4
13.6
22.8
16.0
21.7
8.6
17.8
26.9
6.5
7.7
17.0
90.4
52.2
14.0
55.2
351.0
368.0
338.0
159.0
171.2
154.0
184.0
307.0
402.0
123.7
195.2
383.0
184.5
9.4
15.1
14.1
17.1
19.3
23.2
21.1
17.6
20.7
25.2
14.4
18.8
38.4
123.4
91.3
28.6
113.7
333
235.7
160.0
161.0
177.6
194.0
264.0
109.9
130.2
144.9
152.5
284.4
345.2
106.8
66.0
70.9
58.4
* Not including Providence city.
I8!)S.
CAUSKS OF r»KATFr.
187
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188 PORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
The number of deaths from consumption, in 1898, was 109 more
than in 1897, an increase of over 14 per cent.
From pneumonia there was a decrease of 93 deaths from that
of the previous year, or over 14^ per cent. The fatality from
pneumonia has, however, been slowly increasing, in proportion to
whole number of deaths, for the last twenty years.
From diseases of the heart there was a decrease of 28 deaths
from 1897. For more than 16 years, previous to 1898, diseases of
the heart have been steadily increasing as causes of death, the
mortality in 1897 being the largest ever recorded in this State.
There were 93 deaths from diphtheria, in 1898, a decrease of 138
from the number in 1897. ■
From kidney diseases there was an increase of 84, or nearly 22
per cent, over the number in 1897.
ISOS.] CAUSES OF DEATH. 189
COMPAILVTIYE STATISTICS AND (X)MMENTS.
There have been presented in the preceding- pages, numerically
and in tabular form, the different causes of death in Rhode Island,
in 1898, with various summaries and illustrations. In Tables VII
and Till they were presented at considerable length, in various
specific terms ; in Table IX more or less grouped in a general
nosological arrangement ; and in Table X the same for a period
of forty-six years.
In Table YII the number of deaths from each cause and of each
sex is shown, for each month in the year, and the nativity and
parentaije of the decedents from each cause during the year.
In Table YIII the number of decedents of each sex, from each
cause, in the t/ijferoit periods of life, is given.
In Table IX, with the classification and percentage of causes of
death, the number of each general cause, in each division of larger
population, is given.
In Table X a nosological summary of causes of death for the
whole State, in each of forty-six years, is given.
Table LX is a compend, in part, of Tables YII, YIII, and IX,
previously alluded to, and contains the particulars of the most
important causes of death in 1898, and comprises the principal
causes which will be commented upon in the following pages :
90
FOETT-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
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CAUSKS OK DKATir.
191
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192 FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
Deaths from Accidents. 1898.
The number of deaths from accidental causes of all kinds, re-
ported in Rhode Island, in 1898, was 296.
Among the 296 deaths from accidents there were 19 from
asphyxia ; 4 from bicycle accidents (collision of bicycles, 1 ; col-
lision of bicycle with team, 1 ; fall from bicycle, 2) ; 21 from burns
and scalds ; 60 from drowning ; 7 by electric car (5 were struck by
car while walking on or crossing track ; 1 by falling or stepping
from car while in motion ; 1, a child, deaf and dumb, was run over
by car while rolling a hoop) ; by elevator, 4 (fall into well, 3 ; 1
crushed between floor of car and door) ; 7 by exposure to cold and
storm ; 58 from falls ; 9 from firearms ; 23 from insolation ; 1 by
lightning ; 5 by machinery ; 3 from overdose of medicine ; 8 from
poison ; 30 by railroad ; and 37 by various other accidents.
Among the groups of causes there were in detail causes as fol-
lows :
Asphyxia. — By bed clothing, 6 (infants) ; by overlaying, 4 ; in
sewer trench, by caving in of sand, 1 ; by illuminating gas, 3
(adults) ; by smoke in burning building, 3 ; by piece of meat, 1
(adult) ; while in drunken stupor, owing to position of head, 1.
Total, 19, or 6.4 per cent, of the whole number of accidents.
Burns and Scalds. — In burning building, 3 (ages, 21, 65, 67
years ; by explosion of kerosene lamp, 3 (ages, 18, 22, 49 years) ;
by upset kerosene lamp, 1 (child pulled lamp from table) ; by ex-
plosion of oil-stove, 1 (adult) ; plajdng with matches, 3 ; by clothes
taking fire from bonfire, 1 (age, 5 years) ; by falling into pail or
tub of hot water, 2 (children under 5 years) ; by hot fat, 1 (age, 1
year) ; by upset teapot or gravy dish, 3 (infants) ; manner unspeci-
fied, 3. Total, 21, or 7.1 per cent, of whole number of accidents.
Droioning. — Bathing, 12 ; from wrecked schooner or^ sloop, 3 ;
by capsizing of boats, 9 ; by falling overboard from small boats,
6 ; while crossing ice, 1 ; from a scow, while riding a bicycle on
same, 1 ; in uncovered cistern, 1 (age, 3 years) ; by falling into
while playing on edge of water, 7 (ages, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7, 9 years ; 1
in bath-tub (climbed into tub while mother was hanging out
clothes, age, 1 year) ; found in water, manner unknown, 19. Total,
60, or 20.1 per cent, of whole number of accidents.
1898.1 CAUSES OK i»i;atii. 193
Fidls. — Fi(Mu l)uil(liiiy or staj^fing-, 4; into oojil-lioU', 1; down
stairs or steps, 17 (ages, 1, 15-20; 1, 20-30; 3, 40-50; 4, 60-70; 4,
70-80; 4, 80-00); from ladder, 2; from, or over, a Icdf^e, 1 ; from
load of hay, 1; from tree, 1; from Avindow, 4 (a<jcs, 1, 1, 2, 97
years) ; on ice, 3 (ages, 8, 42, <j5 years) ; from tniek in mill, 1 (age,
13 years) ; from high bed, 2 (infants) ; from cradle, 1 ; on floor,
ground, or sidewalk, 7 ; from veranda, 1 (age, 84 years) ; from
chair, 1 (age, 90 years) ; on jiicket fence, 1 (age, 8 years) ; in
bleachery, 1 (machinist) ; unsi)ecitied, 9. Total, 58, or 19.(5 per
cent, of whole number of accidents.
Fireanas. — Seven out of the nine accidents by firearms occurred
while out hunting ; 2, by the careless handling of loaded revolvers
in the hands of others.
Overdone of Medicine. — One by chloral, and 2 by morphine (self-
administered),
I^ii^vn. — Ammonia, taken bj" mistake for Jamaica ginger or other
medicine, 2 ; corrosive sublimate, given by mistake to child, 1 ;
corrosive sublimate or acetic acid taken by mistake in one case,
and muriatic acid in another ; 1 by strychnia (tablets found and
eaten by child) ; turpentine or a polishing liquid drank while
under influence of liquor, 1 ; by lead (a painter), 1.
Baihoad. — Fourteen were walking on or crossing track, 1 was
trying to climb on moving train, 1 at grade crossing (crawled
under gate), 1 stnick by engine while trying to stop runaway
horse. Of the employes that were killed, 5 were on track and
were struck by engine, 3 were thrown or fell from moving train, 1
was caught between car and bumping-post, 1 caught between
moving car and station platform, 1 was struck by overhead bridge,
1 while coupling cars, and 1 in a collision.
Accidents, Various. — Thrown from carriage or wagon, 10 ; 1
each : by explosion of djaiamite (while heating it in water over a
forge), thrown from saddle h\ fall of horse, over-exertion from
bicycle riding (peritonitis), kicked by a horse, crushed by grind-
stone, by falling tree, by violent exercise (peritonitis), stepped on
broken bottle (tetanus), foot-ball accident — rupture of bladder, hit
by derrick-boom, crushed between car and post at coal whari,
slight injury to thumb (septicjrmia), wound of lung while trying
to stop runaway horse, hanged himself by clothesline to door (in
play, age, 16 years), chestnut in bronchial tube (age, 2 years), blow
on stomach while diving (peritonitis), stepped on rusty nail (septi-
194 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT. [1898.
csemia), crushed skull by falling boiler at brewery, cut in knee-
joint with axe, fracture of skull — struck on head in drunken row,
shocked by live wire (a lineman), injury to foot — cause unknown,
by swallowing copper coin — causing- gastro -enteritis, injury to toe-
nail (gangrene), wound of hand with nail (septicaemia) ; unspeci-
fied, 2. Total, 37.
Of the whole number of deaths by accidents, 233 were males
and 63 were females ; 111 were of native and 185 of foreign parent-
age, or 37.50 per cent, of native to 62.50 of foreign.
Of the sexes, the proportion was 78.72 per cent, of male dece-
dents to 21.28 per cent, of female decedents.
In regard to periods of life, the decedents from accidental causes
were divided as follows : under 5 years, 43 ; 5, and under 10, 19 ;
between 10 and 20, 29; between 20 and 40, 67 ; between 40 and 60,
76 ; over 60, 62.
In regard to sectional divisions of the State, 11 of the deaths
from accidental causes were in Bristol county ; 18 in Kent county ;
26 in Newport county ; 219 in Providence county ; and 22 in Wash-
ington county.
The whole number of deaths from accidental causes, in 1898, in
proportion to the w/iole numher of deaths in the State, was about
43 in every one thousand. The number in proportion to the whole
population was .71 in every one thousand.
The number of deaths in each division of the year was as fol-
lows :
First Quarter 52 Thii-d Quai-ter 101
Second Quarter 56 Fourth Quarter 87
First half 108 Second half 188
Whole year 296
In the following Table may be found the number, sex, parent-
age, and locality of mortality f^'om accidents, for thirty-three
years, ending December 31, 1898 :
1898.]
CAUSES OF DEATH.
195
Table LXI.
MortnliUi in the Stfttefrom Accidevtx, \r,ith the Percevtar/e of the Whole Number of
Denthn; Sex, rarentrir/e, and Locality, for thirtji-threc yearH, from
ISGG to ISOS, inclnsire, in three periods of fire years each,
and f 01- each of the last eighteen years.
1
©
o
VARIETIES.
o
SEX.
PARENT-
AGE.
STATE DIVISIONS.
YEARS.
2
o
CO
-a
a
zS
n
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si
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2
n
01
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'55
s
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a
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1
5 yrs. 1866-
1870
490
77
124
89
14
43
143
2.18
375
115
238
252
22
84
46
187
162
39
5 yrs, 1871-
1875
610
78
164
90
21
71
186
2.97
493
117
283
827
26
46
50
200
240
48
5 yrs. 1876-
1880
607
75
166
69
28
58
14
197
2.72
450
157
249
358
17
58
47
178
281
81
1881
155
16
29
19
9
20
19
43
3.09
107
48
62
93
5
17
12
60
56
5
1882
178
17
40
31
6
16
8
60
3.50
130
48
72
106
5
9
15
60
80
9
1883
153
18
27
21
6
16
12
53
2.83
117
36
61
92
4
8
9
63
66
3
1884
197
20
41
31
7
16
11
71
3.82
147
50
90
107
5
19
14
65
76
18
1885
173
19
42
25
9
15
9
54
3. SO
135
38
72
101
5
6
8
58
83
13
1881-1885...
856
90
179
127
37
83
59
281
3.20
636
220
357
499
24
59
58
306
361
48
1880
190
23
58
19
6
20
9
55
3.25
141
49
84
106
16
11
16
62
72
13
1887
206
17
39
17
23
7
24
14
65!
3.24
158
48
92
114
5
11
23
81
71
15
1888
190
27
46
18
8
12
25
8
46
2.87
145
45
63
127
4
6
14
70
88
8
1889
216
20
52
31
25
7
23
9
49
4.10
146
70
88
128
2
14
13
73
101
13
1890
250
20
71
82
26
11
31
12
47
3.60
199
51
99
151
7
"
24
75
111
16
188G-1890...
1052
107
266
117
82
43
123
52
202
8.29
789
263
426
626
34
59
90
861
443
65
1891
233
18
52
21
29
16
30
17
50
3.54
174
59
78
155
5
18
16
95
89
10
1892
309
21
48
33
60
20
29
8
90
4.18
225
84
115
194
8
IS
21
100
158
9
1893
264
284
26
28
47
52
25
29
25
20
14
8
39
86
14
21
74
40
3.55
8.27
195
189
69
45
88
74
176
160
0
6
21
24
21
18
75
88
126
81
12
1894
17
1895
293
28
61
57
2
8
86
26
75
3.89
2S3
60
88
205
6
23
18
85
141
25
1891-1895...
1383
121
260
165
136
06
170
86
329
3.69
1016
317
443
890
84
99
89
443
595
73
1896
296
25
39
48
8
36
24
116
3.04
226
70
101
195
6
25
84
85
ISO
17
1897
263
41
40
64
7
24
22
65
8.70
197
66
94
160
12
15
22
87
115
12
IS98
206
21
60
58
8
30
19
100
4.29
233
68
111
1
185
11
18
26
85
m
82
Total,33yrs
5803
1
035
1298
827
218
232
688
276
1679
3.33
4415
1888
2308j
8501
186
408
1
452
1982
2470|
855
* Kxclusivt" i)f I^rnviileiu'i' citv.
]96
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTEATION" REPOET.
[1898.
Table LXII.
Mortality in fhe State from Alcoliolism, with the Percentage of the Whole Nmnher
of Deaths, Sex, Parentage, and Locality, foi^ thirty-three years,
from 1866 to 1898, indusim.
a
o
03 to
a
a
O
u
SEX.
PARENTAGE.
DIVISIONS OJ
THE
5TATE.
YEARS.
Is
%
53
73
52
17
16
17
19
16
m
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3
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a
fl
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a
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5 years, 1866-1870
5 years, 1871-1875
5 years, 1876-1880
1881
63
93
79
24
28
29
27
23
.40
.45
.35
.51
.58
.54
.53
.41
9
20
27
12
13
8
6
45
3
3
6
8
5
32
37
25
5
8
7
10
6
30
56
54
19
20
22
17
16
5
2
2
1
6
6
4
6
9
6
1
18
25
18
9
10
9
11
25
48
45
14
18
16
12
7
3
3
4
1
]^882
1
1883
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
"1884
1
1885
1
1881 1885
130
12
16
16
31
25
.50
.20
.25
.32
.50
.37
85
9
14
10
23
20
36
2
4
5
12
8
94
10
12
11
19
17
3
1
2
3
2
6
1
2
2
1
46
3
5
5
13
11
67
7
4
9
14
11
5
1886
1887
1
1888
1889
2
2
1
1890
1
1886 1890
100
29
36
44
39
24
.31
.47
.. .48
.59
.54
.32
76
22
27
34
33
19
24
7
9
10
6
5
31
8
8
15
12
5
69
21
28
29
27
19
1
1
1
3
1
3
4
6
4
4
7
2
.37
10
12
9
14
10
45
13
17
23
16
13
2
1891
1893
2
1893
3
1894
2
1895
1
1891-1895
172
34
36
45
751
.48
.45
.51
.65
.43
135
28
26
37
565
37
6
10
8
186
48
7
10
13
239
124
37
26
33
512
3
1
23
8
2
1
3
36
17
6
5
3
64
55
10'
11
13
233
82
14
15
22
363
1896
1
1897
4
1898
4
Total, 33 years..
32
Exclusive of Providence city.
1808.] f'AL'SKS OF DEATir. 10?
Apoplexy and Paralysis,
There were 410 deatliH from apoplexy .'uid ])aralysis in IHiode
Tslaud, ill 18!)8, acconliiig' to the returns. The iinmber reported
is 53 less than in the year 1897.
The whole number of deaths from these two causes represents
fi.02 per cent, of all causes, and a proportion of 1 to every one
thousand of the population.
Of the sexes, there were 203 males and 213 females.
Of parentage, 245 were of native parentage, and 171 of foreign.
As observed in previous reports, the older native population
has steadily been, in a very large proportion, more prone to apo-
plexy than the foreign, or the children of the foreign population.
It will be observed that the proportion of deaths from apoplexy
and paralysis, to the whole mortality from all causes, has steadilj^
increased from about three and three-quarters per cent., during
the first quinquennial (186G-1870), to nearl}^ five and three-quar-
ters per cent., during the quinquennial (1891-1895).
The following Table will present the sex, parental, and local
relations of apoplexy and paralysis, as causes of death, during
the last thirty-three years : (Providence city not included in the
Providence county statement.)
198
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTEATIOK REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXIII.
Mortality in the State from Apoplexy and Paralysis, 1S66 to 1898, inclusive.
|i
Is
o
^1
S CD ^-
III
a
o
SEX.
PAEBNTAGE.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE
YEARS.
to
a>
a
to
!>
1
'3
;->
o
.2 3
U o
mo
Wo
o >>
o
2g
a
tu
-a
PmO
fl
o
s >>
1866-1870. .
15,391
574
3.73
384
290
464
110
53
43
77
145
324
33
1871
3,344
156
4.66
73
83
113
43
10
17
15
40
61
13
1872
4,247
135
2.97
62
63
96
29
17
9
10
37
52
10
1873
4,403
134
3.04
59
75
109
25
9
8
17
26
57
17
1874
4,339
156
3.69
84
73
120
36
14
10
16
43
59
15
1875
4,317
166
3.61
79
87
133
33
7
13
17
46
75
8
1871-1875..
20,540
787
3.59
357
380
571
166
57
57
75
181
304
63
1876
4,116
165
4.01
79
86
130
35
13
11
13
45
68
15
1877
4,450
181
4.07
87
94
123
58
10
10
18
52
74
19
1878
4,441
188
4.23
104
84
145
43
13
16
21
58
66
15
1870
4,472
230
4.92
114
106
146
74
12
9
29
71
89
10
1880
4,829
315
4.67
109
106
157
58
18
13
22
71
78
13
1876-1880..
32,308
969
4.77
493
476
701
368
65
59
101
297
875
72
1881
5,016
244
4.86
116
138
170
74
17
15
25
70
101
16
1883
5,074
265
5.22
139
136
168
97
15
29
24
65
117
15
1883
5,283
275
5.22
138
137
192
83
11
28
22
75
118
31
1884
5,141
298
5.80
135
163
176
122
21
14
28
108
105
S3
1885
5,389
289
5.38
144
145
183
106
16
18
38
99
110
18
1881-1885..
25,902
1,371
5.29
673
699
889
482
80
104
127
417
651
93
1886
5,849
333
5.70
173
160
230
103
11
27
32
108
120
35
1887
6,340
328
5.17
161
167
313
115
21
27
23
101
128
38
1888
6,594
367
5.41
164
303
234
133
29
26
29
118
137
33
1889
6.359
323
5.17
140
183
204
119
33
33
28
101
106
33
1890
6,934
31,976
341
4.91
168
173
S06
135
21
21
23
110
144
22
1886-1890. .
1,692
5.29
806
886
1,087
605
105
133
135
533
635
151
1891
6,620
335
5.08
160
175
307
128
17
29
33
118
118
21
189S
7,396
362
4.29
176
186
195
167
12
29
39
124
134
34
1893
7,440
407
5.47
206
301
227
180
21
28
26
138
171
23
1894
7,160
445
6.23
231
214
243
202
19
83
40
155
165
33
1895
7,535
417
5.53
5.71
199
218
288
179
18
87
29
80
150
153
37
1891-1895. .
.36,151
1,966
972
994
1,110
856
148
167
685
741
138
1896
7,504
419
5.58
199
220
235
184
20
30
43
146
141
40
1897
7,110
469
6.70
229
340
263
206
13
33
40
175
184
24
1898
6,905
416
6.02
203
213
245
171
17
30
48
136
152
83
* Not including Providence city.
1898.] causes of death. 199
Table LXIV.
Aijesof Dccedentxj'rum Ajiuplexy and Puralynia, in each of the last thirty three years.
Periods of Life.
Al'olT.KXV AND I'AKALYSIS.
1866.
1807.
18U8.
1869.
1870.
1871.
1872.
1873.
1874.
l!-75.
1870.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881.
1882.
1883.,
1S84.
1S85.,
188G..
1887..
1888.,
1889.,
1890..
1891..
1892..
1893..
1894..
1895..
1890. .
1897..
1898..
Total .
155
187
11
14
11
16
7
10
13
18
11
13
15
17
19
16
24
17
13
12
359
16
6
11
12
9
14
17
14
9
19
13
12
14
18
18
20
28
19
21
25
25
26
29
36
29
24
40
45
39
39
34
37
87
9
15
16
20
12
21
20
22
30
23
25
24
41
27
21
36
41
45
32
29
52
50
61
45
52
61
60
62
88
76
76
77
75
1,344
24
38
27
28
33
46
26
35
39
40
43
50
40
57
59
55
57
56
68
76
65
90
85
87
84
88
91
110
108
101
118
136
108
2,168
95
94 ]
112 j
96 I
100 i
92 I
100
90
95
108
111
106
110
144
117
7
17
16
15
20
15
11
16
25
22
23
22
26
38
34
42
38
49
45
44
51
85
60
39
50
47
49
43
65 I
63 1.
55 I
..L
54
8,478 1.198
29
200 fokty-sixth kegistratiok repoet. [1898.
Appendicitis.
From a greater perfection in diagnosis of disease of the abdom-
inal viscera, the disease known as appendicitis has received greater
attention. This was probably reported in previous years under
the head of diseases of the bowels, intussusception, or peritonitis.
During 1898 there were 45 cases of appendicitis reported, and
of this number operations were performed in 24 cases.
As there were 11 deaths from peritonitis, in 1898, this would rep-
resent over 80 per cent, of the combined numbers.
Of the 45 cases of appendicitis, 29 were males, and 16 were
females. Fifteen were of native, and 30 of foreign parentage.
Brain Diseases.
The number of decedents from diseases of the brain proper, in
1898, was 327.
This number represents 4.73 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .79 to every one thousand of the whole ^ojndation.
Of the 327 decedents, 176 were males, and 151 were females.
In regard to parentage, 131 were of native, and 196 of foreign
parentage.
The deaths in the different seasons of the year were as follows :
First Quarter 88 Third Quarter 83
Second Quarter 93 Fourth Quarter 63
First half 181 Second half 146
Whole year 337
Brain diseases occur largely in children. Of the 327 decedents
from those causes, in 1898, 133 were under 5 years of age, and 19
were from 5 to 10 years of age.
The following Table will present the statistics of mortality from
diseases of the brain, for thirty-three years :
1808.
C'ACSrO.S ()!■• DKATn.
201
T.vi'.LK LXV.
Mortalitt/ in Ihe State from Bniin DiseaneK, with the Percentage, Sex, Parentage,
and Locality, for thirty-three years, from 1S6G to ISUS, inclusice.
.a
1 1
s pq
o
0}
SEX.
PARENTAGE.
DIVISIONS OP THE
STATE.
YEARS.
i
S
1 v'
>
1
s
tifi
'E o
ll
u ■
.Jo
g
It;
ll
£5
e
o
c
o
a
o
" .
ll
lSOG-1870
465
607
150
160
143
163
164
3.02
2.95
3.64
8.59
3.19
3.65
3.39
249
381
92
88
75
82
87
216
276
58
72
67
81
77
274
358
89
91
76
88
89
191
249
61
69
66
75
75
21
12
8
3
1
3
3
24
82
11
7
13
13
6
84
89
7
11
12
15
12
189
167
39
49
45
51
56
222
337
85
85
68
75
81
25
1871-1875
20
1S76
.5
1S77
5
1878
3
1S79
6
1880
6
1876-1880
779
186
181
187
148
189
3.49
3.69
3.50
3.54
2.88
2.. 51
3.44
3.09
3.81 1
3.21
3.58
3.13
424
103
93
1 96
90
i 98
355
83
88
91
58
91
483
i 85
92
100
77
94
346
101
89
87'
71
95
13
7
4
8
4
2
50
11
10
14
9
11
57
14
10
15
8
20
240
58
71
41
53
394
91
80
94
83
100
25
ISSl
1SS~
6
1883
4
1884
3
1885
3
1881-1885
1880
891
182
203
212
189
217
, 480
108
120
114
91
113
411
74
1
83 I
1
98
98
104
448
' 84
103
109
96
119
443
98!
100
103
93
98
25
4
8
4
5
7
55
14
9
19
12
13
67
18
14
12
17
17
275
69
75
76
72
90
448
78
95
90
78
85
21
4
1887
1S88
2
11
1S89
5
5
1886-1890
1891
1,003
222
246
257
221
258
3.14
3.36
3.33
3.46
3.09
3.42
546
135
180
139
122
123
457
87
116
118
99
135
511
108
122
116
93
126
492
114
124
141
128
132
28
8
8
12
4
14
. 67
19
22
17
24
25
73
19
27
23
18
22
882
93
96
100
82
81
426
78
83
98
84
105
27
5
1892
10
1893
7
14
1 895
11
1891-1895
1,204
299
328
327
5.903
8.83
3.98
4.61
4.73
8.41
649
152
179
176
8,186
555
147
149
151
2,717
565
186
151
181
3,007
639
163
177
196 i
2,896
46
10
7
5
167
107
24
26
26
411
104
38
SO
26
468
452
139
178
157
2,129
448
79
78
100
2,532
47
1896
9
1897
1808
9
13
TuImI, :« years..
196
♦ Exclusive of Providence city.
25
202 forty-sixth registration report. [1898.
Bronchitis.
The number of decedents in 1898, whose deaths were reported
as having- been caused by bronchitis, was 236. This is 10 more
than in 1897.
This number represents 3.42 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .57 to every one thousand of '(hiQ pop^ilation.
Of the 236 decedents, 109 were males, and 127 were females ; or
at the rate of 85 males to each 100 females.
In relation to parentage, 76 were of native, and 160 of foreign
parentage.
In regard to age, 129 of the decedents were under 5 years of age,
10 were between 5 and 20 years, 7 between 20 and 40 years, 21 be-
tween 40 and 60 years, and of the remaining 69 decedents above
60 years of age, there were 31 deaths from chronic bronchitis.
During the first four months of the year the decedents from
bronchitis numbered 115, during the last four months the number
was 66.
The very large increase in the proportionate mortality from
bronchitis, during the last twenty years, will scarcely fail to be
noticed in Table LXVI.
The following Table will show various facts in relation to the
mortality from bronchitis, for thirty -three years :
1898.1
CAUSES OF D EAT FT.
W.]
TAliI.E LXVI.
Mortality in the State from Bronchitis, thirty-three yvars, I811G to 1S98, inclusive.
' i
V
Q
0
.0
S
3
55
a
8
u
SEX.
PABBNTAOB.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE
YKAUS.
CO
0)
"5
i
S
>
1
1
It
•Co
a s
4) 0
MO
n
^8
0
c*
2§
fl-O
9
a
•0
cuo
B
0
^8
1860-1870
99
.64
43
56
47
52
1
4
7
29
.50
2
1871
24
25
27
30
57
.78
.65
.64
.96
1.39
10
10
12
22
32
14
15
15
17
25
11
11
11
12
29
18
14
16
27
28
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
0
6
21
17
16
18
32
.33
1872
1873
1
1874
1
1875
1
2
1871-1875
172
.84
86
86
74
98
1
2
4
45
116
4
1876
57
09
80
02
91
1.46
1.62
1.89
1.47
1.86
23
.<}2
30
31
49
34
37
50
31
42
26
35
37
31
44
31
34
43
31
47
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
G
1
6
5
6
22
22
21
21
46
44
48
34
50
2
1877
1876 .'
1
1879
1880
1
1870-1880
359
1.61
165
194
173
186
4
12
18
93
228
4
1881
84
.87
48
36
39
45
1
1
2
25
53
.>
188-^
100
1.27
39
61
47
53
3
2
6
25
60
4
1883
111
118
2.10
2.29
56
58
55
60
51
40
60
78
5
0
2
3
8
42
42
57
62
2
1884
1885
108
8.08
82
86
91
77
5
3
13
71
76
1881-1885
581
2.24
283
298
268
313
20
8
32
205
308
8
1886
174
176
2.96
2.77
75
90
99
86
81
60
93 i
110
8
3
4
(i
9
19
74
63
83
84
1
1887
1
1888
228
3.45
105
123 i
79
149
3
4
17
110
88
6
1889
260
275
1,113
4.20
4.01
128
140
132
135
90
116
170
159
4
5
8
4
18
15
109
107
110
138
11
1890
0
1880-1890
3.48
538
575
426
687
18
26
78
463
503
25
1891
247
3.74
108
139
95
152
13
15
21
85
111
2
1892
308
4.16
147
161
117
191
5
15
21
130
130
7
1893
315
4.24
164
151 :
105
210
4
9
21
150
126
5
1891
254
3.55
112
142 1
82
172
4
15
11
98
120
6
1895
274
3.64
138
141 1
1
92
182
8
15
19
103
122
7
1891-1895
1,398
3.87
004
734
491
907
34
69
93
500
009
27
1896
m
8.68
143
138
101
175
8
19
9
112
110
12
1897
220
3.18
123
108
88
143
G
19
13
88
94
6
1898
236
8.42
109
127
76
160
1
6
14
It
67
103
15
* Bxclusive of Providence city.
204 F0RTY-SI:S;TH EEGISTRATIOlSr EEPORT. [1898.
Cancer.
There were 279 decedents, in 1898, wliose deaths were caused by
cancer, according to the returns. The term cancer includes all the
various kinds, and in whatever place located.
This number represents 4.04 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .62 to every one thousand of ihe po2Julation.
The varieties of cancer, as reported, may be found in Tables
VII and VIII, on pages 22, 23, 37, and 38. They are classed in
Table IX as follows : cancer in various localities, or cancer vari-
ous, 46 ; cancer of abdomen, 8 ; of the breast, 32 ; of face, 8 ; of
the liver, 36 ; of rectum, 14 ; of the stomach, 64 ; of the uterus, 71.
In 1898 the deaths from cancer, in the several divisions of the
year, were as follows :
First Quarter 71 Third Quarter 74
Second Quarter 64 Fourth Quarter 70
First half 135 Second half : . . 144
Whole year 279
Seoe. — Of the 279 decedents from cancer, 83 were males, and 196
were females ; or 30 males and 70 females in every 100.
Parentage. — There were 159 of native parentage, and 120 of
foreign.
The following Table will show the facts of mortality from can-
cer, in relation to sex, parentage, and locality, for thirty-three
years :
1808.]
CAUSES or i)i:.\T[r.
205
Table LXVII.
Mortality in the State from Cancer, 186G to ISDS, inclimve.
0)
Q
o
s
1
g
o
u
SKX.
PARENTAGE.
DIVISIONS OF
THE
5TATE.
YEARS.
i
18.
CO
•a
6
>
B
1
1^
4^
C >•
15
Providence
County.*
e
u
s
a
o
hi
r. yoari^. 18(;0-1870
328
2.13
98
230
269
1
59
19
33
38
87
131
20
1871
60 2.13 :
95 2.46
100 2.53
87 2.13 :
25
26
45
23
24
41
69
61
64
71
47
66
76
67
62
19
29
30
20
33
4
4
4
3
7
7
6
6
6
5
9
12
12
7
25
21
32
24
25
25
50
44
38
49
4
1872
4
1873
8
1874
3
1875
95
2.81
5
1871-1875
449
2.18
143
306
318
131
15
32
45
127
206
24
1870
106
135
2.72
3 17
27
29
38
39
45
79
106
81
86
80
72
87
79
70
73
34
48
40
55
52
5
3
i 5
9
5
6
11
6
10
8
9
8
9
12
27
37
37
28
20
53
66
48
66
68
7
1877
13
1878
119 2.82
125 1 2.96
125 2.72
10
1879
7
1880
4
1870-1880
610 2.73
178
432
381
229
27
40
46
155
301
41
1881
145 1 2.90
40
105
90
55
8
10
12
42
05
8
1882
132 2.75
40
92
82
50
5
15
9
43
52
8
1883
169 1 3.20
51
118
105
04
3
17
12
49
86
2
1884
150 3.05 j
39
117
88
68
2
18
21
41
70
4
1885
193 , 3.59 1
795 1 8.07 1
52
141
114
79
8
9
8
67
242
88
301
13
222
578
4T9
316
26
69
02
35
1880
162 2.77
42
120
75
87
6
11
9
37
87
12
1887
l.-JO 2.50
49
110
96
63
8
5
10
49
80
<
1888
193 2.93
189 1 3.03
165 i 2.41
868 2.71
07
65
56
126
124
109
128
104
92
65
85
73
9
4
14
10
10
10
12
13
13
57
57
46
68
82
74
17
23
1890
8
1880-1890
279
48
63
54
67
589
129
128
151
147
495
104
108
124
121
373
73
78
81
93
41
8
7
6
13
46
11
16
15
11
57
15
16
17
23
246
46
57
56
75
411
83
75
92
78
07
1891
177
181
2.67
2.45
14
1892
10
1893
205 2.75
214 2.99
19
1894
19
1865
234 3.11
1,011 2.79
226 1 8.01
2.54 3.57
279 1 4.04
74
160
106
128
13
1
47
6
12
18
12
05
21
14
18
17
88
12
22
21
79
96
419
89
103
119
17
1801-1895
290
61
77
88
715
165
177
196
558
117
128
169
463
109
120
120
313
81
86
75
70
1890
17
17
1898
25
• Exclusive of Providence city.
206 forty-sixth registration report. [l8l:>8.
Child-Birth.
Under the head of " Child-birth " are included, in this connec-
tion, puerperal convulsions, and whatever causes of death that
may have occurred as the direct result of child-birth, or parturi-
tion.
The number reported in 1898 was 71, 25 of which were from the
immediate effects of child-birth, including- metritis, hemorrhage,
rupture of uterus, etc. ; 10 from peritonitis ; 14 from puerperal
nephritis and convulsions ; 22 from puerperal fever or septicaemia.
Of the whole number, 22 were of native, and 49 of foreign pa-
rentage.
This number represents 1.03 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .17 to every one thousand of ihe population.
There were 14 more deaths from "child-birth" in 1898 than in
1897.
The following Table will present the various relations in regard
to the mortality from child-birth, for thirty-three years, 1866-1898 :
isos.]
CAirSKS ()V DKATH,
207
Table LXVIII.
MortnUlij ill the Stale from ChiUl-Birth, with the Percenturje of the Whole Number
of Deaths, Parentage, and Loculitri , for thirty-three yearn,
from 1S6G to ISDS, iuclusirc.
YKARS.
PS
ES
1800-1870.
1871-1875.
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1876-1880.
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1881-1885.
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1886-1890.
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1891-1895.
1890.
1807
1898
Total, 33 years.
155
245
48
46
43
43
1.01
1.19
1.24
1.09
1.01
1.02
51 j 1.11
231 I 1.04
CO
50
58
47
47
262
41
53
51
41
41
274
32
75
57
72
55
291
50
57
71
1.636
1.28
1.03
1.10
.91
.87
1.04
.70
.71
.77
65
.58
.86
.35
1.01
.76
1.01
.73
1.03
.94
1 1
PARENTAGE.'
i
>
So
"53
s
1
j 62
93
111
134
21
27
1! IS
28
23
20
21
22
23
28
106
125
26
34
18
32
f
26
32
17
30
; 21
26
j 108
154
1 17
24
i 15
38
: 13
38
' 14
27
12
29
92
182
8
24
29
46
23
34
15
57
16
39
91
200
16
34
18
39
23
49
626
1,010
DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
"E o
*^ a
C 3
(U o
of?
15
3
4
4
24
3
1
9
5
8
3
1
88
2
6
130
o 5
90
24
21
28
543
>o
56
no
23
17
21
23
27
111
29
125
12
17
26
I
20 ' 3
13 4
_J7_' 3
117 i 12
I
iq I •>
19 J
29 ! 9
29 4
32 4
30 4
139 I 23
17 6
22 4
32
729
3
101
♦ Exclusive of Providence city.
208 FOETY-SIXTH REGISTRATION" REPORT. [1898.
Cholera Infantum.
The number of deaths from cholera infantum, according- to the
returns for 1898, was 468.
This number represents 6.78 per cent, of deaths from all causes,
and a proportion of 1.13 to every one thousand of ^e population.
Of the 468 decedents, 240 were males, and 228 were females.
Of parentag-e, 163 were of native, and 305 of foreign parentage ;
or about 187 of foreig"u to every 100 of native parentag-e.
The mortality from cholera infantum, during- 1898, was .80 per
cent, g-reater than during- the year 1897.
As may be seen on the following- pag-e, the number of decedents
from cholera infantum, during the thirty-three years from 1866 to
1898, inclusive, was 11,065.
The proportion to total mortality, for the period of thirty-three
years, was 6.3 per cent. For 1892 the proportion was 8.6 per
cent. ; for 1893, 8.1 per cent. ; for 1894, 6.9 per cent. ; for 1895, Q.Q
per cent. ; for 1896, 7.3 per cent. ; for 1897, 5.9 per cent. ; and for
1898, 6.7 per cent.
There were 105 males to every 100 females among the decedents
during the thirty-three years ; and 187 decedents of foreign pa-
rentage to every 100 of native, during the same period.
The following Table shows the whole number of reported deaths
from cholera infantum ; the sex and parentage of the decedents ;
and the number in each of the larger divisions of the State, in
each of the last thirty-three years :
1898.]
CAUSES OF DEATH.
209
Table LXIX.
Mortnlitji in the State from Cholera Tnfdntum, ISGG to 1S9S, inclusire.
i
o
b
E
3
a
SEX.
PARENTAGE.
1
DIVI8IONB OF THE
STATE.
YEARS.
1
I
1 ' 00*
1 a
403
85
195
148
140
156
8
73
a
842
87
196
137
125
162
1
1
'u. C
39
14
16
17
4
20
>>
ll
44
12
16
14
12
16
n
46
12
21
16
5
20
£0
0
a
•a
tt
324
62
151
99
184
186
C
5 years. 186G-18T0
1871
1872
1873
7-15
172
391
285
265
318
4.84
4.82
S.71
6.19
5.86
6.97
852
82
167
165
115
155
893
90
224
120
150
163
245
59
157
120
84
108
47
13
80
19
1874
26
1875
IK
1871-1875
1,431
250
259
168
6.97
5.75
5.52
3.58
! 724
131
139
96
i 88
i 123
707
119
120
72
73
124
684
105
96
73
71
109
747
145
163
95
90
138
71
5
12
7
8
13
TO
12
13
14
16
11
74
29
9
7
21
10
528
68
96
64
51
93
582
124
122
71
59
100
106
1876
12
1877
1878
.«;
1879
161 ! 3.43
247 5.12
1,085 4.86
6
1880
20
1876-1880
577
130
173
124
177
150
754
179
200
239
209
282
508
110
152
118
148
129
454
102
133
104
139
128
631
138
192
138
186
1.51
805
234
210
283
264
880
45
10
20
12
10
5
66
22
11
7
12
2:i
76
14
19
22
26
16
372
75
132
88
114
133
476
102
130
108
144
86
50
1881
240
325
242
325
279
4.54
6.10
4.37
6.00
4.02
17
1882
13
1883
5
1884
19
18a'5
16
1881-1885
1,411
377
855
467
396
5.45
6.14
5.36
6.78
fi ni
657
198
155
228
187
300
606
143
145
184
182
202
806
170
210
186
162
155
57
4
16
18
18
19
75
29
16
35
82
57
97
15
35
28
20
88
542
194
160
219
199
245
570
120
119
149
116
209
718
137
201
183
180
150
801
148 ,
120 i
144 1
8,878
70
1886
15
1887
1886
1889
9
18
11
1890
582 8.01
19
1886-1890
2,177
546
63;^
603
496
500
6.81
8.25
8.56
8.10
6.93
6.64
7.. 55
7.26
5.98
6.78
6.. 37
1.109
298
336
324
248
268
1,469
313
204
240
5,793
1,068
248
297
279
258
238 1
1,309
211 i
228
5.272 '
1,871
876
423
417
884
845
75
21
18
11
18
14
77
5
12
14
395
169
68
77
82
1
76 '
57
3(iO
62
63
62
971 ^
131
50
43
44
25
19
181
38
30
28
701 1
1,017
255
281
267
225
241
1,269
«r
179
211
4,640 j
72
1891
15
189a
18
1898
16
1894
27
1895
19
1891-1895
2.778
545
425
468
11,065
883
165
160
163
4.278
1,895
380
265
805
6,792
90
1896
15
1897
21
1898
9
Total, 33 years..
480
' Not including Providence city.
210 fokty-sixth registration report. [1898.
Consumption.
The decedents from consumption, dnring- 1898, numbered 886.
The number is 109 more than in the preceding- year.
This number represents 12.83 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of 2.14 to every one thousand of ih.e population.
Sex.—Oi these 886 decedents, 460 were males, and 426 were
females ; being- about 93 female decedents to every 100 male de-
cedents.
For the period of twenty years (1866-1885) there were nearly
124 females to every 100 male decedents from consumption, and a
very considerable excess every year since, excepting in 1890, 1891,
1893, 1897, and 1898.
Parentage. — There were 272 decedents of native parentag-e, and
614 of foreig-n ; a proportion of 226 of foreign parentage to every
100 of native.
Season. — The largest number of deaths, 87, occurred each in
March and May ; the next largest, 86, in November ; the smallest,
60, in October.
The number in each quarter of the year was as follows :
First Quarter 226 Third Quarter . . 211
Second Quarter 230 Fourth Quarter 219
First half 456 Second half 430
Whole year 886
Ages. — During 1898, of the 886 decedents from consumption,
254 were between the ages of 20 and 30; and 179, or over one
quarter, were between the ages of 30 and 40.
In order to show more concisely the relation of age to mortality
from consumption, during 1898, the following age periods and
numbers are presented :
Under 10 years of age 110
Between 10 and 20 years 80
Between 20 and 30 years 254
Between 30 and 40 yeai's 1T9
Between 40 and 50 years 115
Between 50 and 70 years 123
Over 70 years 26
Total , , ,.,..,,..........,,.,, 88(i
1898.] cArsKs ()!• dkatii. '^11
TllO followilii;' 'r;il)I(> sliows tlio totill (Icatlis from ;ill icportcil
Jkihnrii cif list's, witli tlie iiiiiiihiT i\,\n\ jxrcinldt/r of (l(>;it,]is from con-
sumi)ti(Mi of tlio siime, in each of the hii-f,''e divisions of the St;it(i,
juid ill tlic whole State, 'm each of the lant Hcrentee.n ycurs, aiul also
th(( ao-o'iv^ate for a ]iorio(l of thirty years, from IHCl tr) 1S!)(), in-
clusive :
CONSUMPTION.
STATISTICS BY COUNTIES
NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE,
THIRTY-EIGHT YEARS.
214
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
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(/'AUSKS OF DKATM,
215
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2t6
FOSiTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT,
[1898.
Table LXXI.
Mortality in the State from Consumption, with the Percentage of the Whole Number
of Deaths, from all causes, and the Sex, Parentage, and Locality,
in the Aggregate of Different Periods, 1866-1S98.
a
o
o
a
o .
.2
si
o
a
o
.SEX.
1
1 PARENTAGE.
1
DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
YEARS.
1,244
1,267
1,435
1,692
382
312
391
356
422
S
1
Is
i
t4
a
o
o
o
'^-
cq
a
a
o
O
B
o
a
o
o
*
a
a
o
O
a
o
a
m
-O
'>
1
O
o
a
o
a
o
O
a
o
-a
.s
to
1866-1870
2,718
2,883
3,271
3,729
826
710
800
727
852
17 66
14.03
14.66
14.40
14.12
11.19
12.13
11.61
12.29
1,474
1,616
1,836
2,037
444
398
409
371
430
1,567
1,504
1,473
1,427
308
266
284
239
280
1,151
1,379
1,798
2,302
518
444
516
488
572
122
94
104
113
23
20
28
20
31
231
213
194
208
43
34
55
45
38
219
163
188
242
57
41
32
37
51
891
953
1,048
1,222
276
246
, 273
267
305
1,051
1,234
1,498
1,751
368
823
862
315
394
204
1871-1875
226
1876-1880
239
1881-1885
193
1886
1887
59
46
1888
50
1689
53
1890
33
1886-1890
3,915
740
759
722
705
839
12.24
11.18
10.26
9.72
9.85
11.13
1,863
380
360
364
337
392
2,052
360
399
358
368
447
1,377
248
249
230
214
284
2,538
492
510
492
491
555
122
17
29
18
10
29
215
47
51
55
46
54
218
51
45
35
46
59
1,357
236
265
259
242
271
1,762
347
342
328
325
304
241
1891
42
1892
27
1893
27
1894
36
1895
32
1891-1895
3,765
846
777
886
22,790
10.41
11.27
10.93
12.83
13.11
1,833
409
395
460
10,598
1,932
437
382
426
12,192
1,225
273
269
272
9,387
2,540
573
508
614
13,403
103
27
13
29
727
253
59
55
54
1,482
236
66
55
60
1,447
1,273
292
283
307
7,626
1,736
367
341
405
10,145
174
1896
35
1897
80
1898
31
Total, 33 years..
1,363
* Exclusive of Providence city.
1808.]
r'AUSKS OF DKATH.
2] 7
Consumption. Proport'inu <>f Jhdths to pDjxihd'nn,.
The proportion of deaths from coiisuinptioii to the jK>j>ii/ati<jii
ill tlie different localities in the State, during- the last thirteen
years, may be seen in the following- summaries :
For five years, ISSG to JSUO, iucliisire.
Persons,
One Death to every
Bristol County 494 or.
Kent County 569 or.
Newport County 708 or. ,
Providence County* 598 or.
Providence city 3.56 or.
Washington County 497 or.
Wliole State .420 or.
in every 1,000
of Population.
.2.09
.1.85
.1.48
.1.91
.2.82
.2.10
2.40
Fo)' five i/cais, 1S91 to IS05, inclusive.
Persons,
One Death to every
Bristol County 671.
Kent County 577.
Newport County G47.
Providence County* 537.
Providence City 413.
Washington County 700.
Whole State 497.
In every 1,000
of Population.
.1.74
.1.73
.1.58
.1.91
.1.34
.2.02
1S06.
I'ersons,
One Death to every
Bristol County 456 or
Kent County 526 or
Newport County 474 or
Providence County Towns 457 or
Central Falls 000 or
Pawtucliet 013 or
Providence city .• 404 : or
Woonsocket 4,55 or
Washington county 713 or
Whole State 406 or
In every 1,000
of Population.
2.19
1.90
2.11
2.19
1.05
1.6;J
2.47
2.12
1.40
2.15
* Kxclusive of Providence citv.
218
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
1897.
Persons,
One Death to every
Bristol County 954
Kent County 583
Newport County 5T3
Providence County Towns 583
Central Falls 938
Pawtucket 562
Providence City 444
Woonsocket 482
Washington County 840
Whole State 519
In every 1,000
of Population.
1.05
1.71
1.74
3.04
1.07
1.78
S.25
3.08
1.19
1.93
1S9S.
Persons,
One Death to every
Bristol County 486
Kent County 613
Newport County 530
Providence County Towns 539
Central Falls 602
Pawtucket 508
Providence City 381
Woonsocket .400
Washington County 820
Whole State 468
In every 1,000
of Population.
3.06
1.63
1.89
1.85
1.66
1.97
2.62
3. .50
1.23
3.14
There was an increase in the mortality from consumption, in
1898, as compared with the preceding- year, not only in numbers,
but also in proportion to the population.
1898. I CAUSKS OF DEATH. ^il'.t
Choup.
There were 9 decedents from croup, in 1S1)8, as aj^ainst 17 in
1897.
Sex. — Of the 9 decedents from croui), in 1898, there were 4
males and 5 females, a proportion of 80 males to each 100 fe-
males.
Parentage. — There were 3 decedents of native parentage, and
G of foreign parentage. The proportions were in the ratio of
200 of foreign to each 100 of native parentage.
Age. — There were 4 of the decedents under 1 year of age, 4 of
1 year and under 2, and 1 between 5 and 10.
Season. —
First Quarter 4 Third Quarter 1
Second Quarter 3 Fourtli Quarter 1
First half 7 Second half 2
Whole year 9
The following Table will exhibit various facts in relation to
mortality from croup for thirty-three years :
220
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXXII.
Mortality in the State from Croup, from 1866 to 1S9S, inclusive.
J3
cS
a>
P
o
V
S
a
ID
o
' SEX.
PARENTAGE.
DIVISIONS OF
THE STATE.
YEARS.
g
>
0
o
'S o
pqo
a 3
Ma
o >.
tzio
o
c*
o
C
CD
d
3
&J0 .
B >>
1866 1870
237
367
102
95
93
96
66
1.47
1.79
2.61
2.23
2.20
2.28
1.45
113
198
50
48
45
58
33
115
169
53
47
48
38
34
96
164
42
34
43
40
27
131
203
60
61
50
56
39
6
13
1
4
14
3
3
13
80
6
3
3
6
3
19
^ 13
1
15
4
82
131
26
47
25
25
20
99
169
65
40
39
43
30
8
1871 1875
11
1876
4
1877
1878
5
1879
4
1880
6
1876 1880
453
101
77,
71
80
94
2.03
2.16
1.60
1.40
1.55
1.74
333
45
41
33
40
45
219
56
36
39
40
49
186
38
33
33
32
42
266
63
45
38
48
52
25
2
1
1
2
4
21
6
2
6
11
8
27
4
6
4
4
6
143
38
33
25
29
46
317
49
33
35
34
28
19
1881
2
1883
3
1883
1884
1885
2
1881-1885
423
90
113
79
80
83
1.63
1.53
1.79
1.19
1.38
1.19
203
45
58
43
37
53
220
45
55
36
43
30
177
39
43
34
24
28
' 246
51
70
45
56
55
10
2
9
4
3
2
33
18
13
2
15
14
34
12
4
7
1
2
171
34
43
34
27
32
178
32
39
27
33
31
7
1886
2
1887
1888
6
5
1889
1
1890
3
1886-1890. .......
1891
1892
415
67
89
50
32
30
1.39
1.46
1.20
.67
.45
.40
236
40
52
39
16
14
209
27
37
21
16
16
168
17
44
13
10
9
277
50
45
37
22
21
20
1
1
4
1
61
11
10
11
7
6
26
11
21
3
2
4
160
27
21
25
15
11
162
16
33
7
9
16
1
3
1893
1894
1895
1891 1895
268
24
17
9
2,232
.84
.32
.24
.13
1.28
151
16
11
4
1,164
117
8
6
5
1,068
93
5
4
3
896
175
19
13
6
1,336
7
81
45
4
8
2
217
41
150
99
12
5
4
807
72
' 8
4
2
911
4
1896
1897
1898
1
Total, 33 years.
66
* Exclusive of Providence city.
IS'.IS. I CArSHS OK DKATll. 22l
DlAURTKEA AN' I) DYSENTERY.
There were 5)8 decedents from diarrhtjea and dysentery, in 18'.)8.
This number rei)resents 1.4 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .24 to every 1,000 of the population.
/Sex. — Of the 08, 53 were males, and 45 were females, or a pro-
portion of 118 males to every 100 females.
Parei\taxie. — There were, of the 98 decedents, 33 of native par-
entage, and 65 of foreign parentage, or a proportion of al)out 1*.)7
of foreign parentage to every 100 of native.
Age. — There Avere 35 of the decedents from diarrh(pa and dys-
entery under 5 years of age, aud there were 51 over 50 years of
age, leaving 12 for all the 45 years between 5 and 50.
Locality. — Of the 98 decedents, 72 were in Providence county,
and 5 in Newport county ; 2 were reported from Bristol county,
14 from Kent county, and 5 from Washington county.
Seaso7i. — Fifty-nine of the deaths from diarrhoea and dysentery
occurred during the months of July, August, and September.
The decrease in mortality from diarrhoea and dysentery, in 1898,
compared with the previous year, was al)out 8 per cent.
The following Table Avill show the deaths from diarrhoea and
dysentery, with the percentage, sex, parentage, etc., for each of
33 years, beginning with 18G6 :
222
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXXIII.
Mortality in the State from Diarrhma and Dysentery, 1866 to 189S, inclusim.
.a
o
S
S
|2i
0)
o
u
ID
PL,
SEX.
PARENTAGE.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE.
YEARS.
«
"S
^
IS
"3
S
P
>
.2 pi
!- O
<S o
Mo
o
n*
'OS
o
q
m
£"5
a
o
be
^6
5 years, 1866-1870
1871 1875
677
580
123
142
93
97
98
4.40
2.60
2.96
3.19
2.09
2.17
2.03
353
317
66
64
42
48
49
324
263
56
78
51
49
49
333
305
52
73
51
47
50
354
275
70
69
42
50
48
36
27
3
8
5
9
4
46
46
6
6
8
6
6
89
23
3
9
3
10
10
215
183
41
54
34
27
32
254
289
65
55
39
43
43
47
12
1876
5
1877
10
1878
5
1879
3
1880
4
1876-1880
1881
553
119
158
■ 183
153
130
3.47
2.37
3.11
3.45
3.98
3.23
269
56
75
86
74
61
283
63
83
96
79
59
273
54
69
88
69
51
279
65
89
94
84
69
29
2
7
10
7
32
4
4
7
5
6
33
3
38
16
11
6
188
47
57
74
66
62
243
57
64
75
56
35
6
1882
3
1883
3
1884
5
1885
4
1881-1885
1886
732
159
199
157
159
182
2.89
2.72
3.11
2.31
2.54
2.62
352
64
107
69
73
84
380
95
92
88
86
98
459
74
99
80
63
63
331
70
70
97
67
74
401
89
129
60
92
108
28
7
6
6
1
5
26
11
16
8
12
9
64
1
4
3
17
32
306
73
93
54
71
77
287
59
72
71
50
63
315
58
89
66
43
37
21
8
1887
9
1888
15
1889
8
1890
6
1886-1890
856
143
199
159
124
101
2.68
2.16
2.69
2.14
1.73
1.34
397
69
100
79
61
38
378
51
82
56
36
40
478
92
117
103
88
61
25
4
6
5
6
56
15
14
14
8
9
47
13
8
7
4
3
367
48
76
60
59
41
46
1891
5
1892
6
1893
7
1894
10
1895
5
1891-1895
726
89
107
98
4,417
2.01
1.18
1.50
1.42
2.54
347
49
48
53
3,185
379
40
59
45
2,332
1
265
40
37
33
1,985
461
49
70
65
2,433
21
2
1
3
161
60
5
14
14
299
35
8
7
5
311
284
39
41
32
1,655
293
28
36
40
1,785
33
1896
^
1897
8
1898
5
Total, 33 years..
206
* Exclusive of Providence city.
1808.] CAL'SKS 01- DKATII. 223
DirilTllEKIA.
Tlie munlx'v of deatlis from diplitlieria, in 1808, wuh 03, which
wiis 138 less than in 1807, or a decrease of al)out GO per cent.
This number represents 1.35 per cent, of all causes, or a propor-
tion of .22 to every one thousand of the population.
/Se,v. — Of the i)3 decedents, TjI were males, and 42 were females.
Pxreiittuje. — There were 34 of native, and .50 of foreign parent-
acfe, or a pvojiortion of about 173 of foreign parentage to every
100 of native.
Season. — There were 30 deaths from diphtheria in the first quar-
ter, 24 in the second (juarter, 7 in the third quarter, and 32 in the
fourth (piarter.
Age. — There were 64 deaths under 5 years of age, 25 between
5 and 10, 2 between 10 and 15, 1 between 15 and 20, and 1 above
20 years of age.
Loadifi/. — Of the 93 decedents, 72 were in Providence county,
none in Bristol county, 12 in Kent county, 5 in NeM'port county,
and 4 in Washington county.
The following Table shows the mortality in the State from
diphtheria for thirty-three years, beginning with 1866, also the
percentage of deaths, the sex, parentage, etc. :
224
PORTY-SIXTH EECtISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXXIV.
Mortality in the State from Diplitheria, 1S66 to 1898.
P
So
c
o
SEX.
PAKENTAGE.
1
DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
YEARS.
to
s
0)
>
OS
'A
a
'S
o
<» o
Mo
o >.
IS
c*
> s
£8
c
-a
So
a
o
tt. :
1866-1870.
1871-1875.
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
15,391
20,540
4,116
4,450
4,441
4,472
4,829
181
242
159
493
435
259
152
1.18
1.18
3.86
11.56
9.80
5.79
3.40
83
118
77
239
224
121
73
98
- 1
124
82
253
211
138
79
103
154
69
233
. 201
143
75
78
88
90
259
234
116
77
5
4
1
12
21
7
3
28
35
2
44
29
19
6
30
20
9
2
23
20
2
40
54
29
1^
106
95
63
44
105
111
295
245
106
61
34
24
7
17
11
12
17
1876-1880.
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
22,308
5,016
5,074
5,282
5,141
5,389
1,497
216
101
95
119
99
6.71
4.63
1.99
1.88
2.31
1.88
734
106
48
39
65
47
763
110 1
53
56 1
54
52
721
118
55
45
47
48
776
98
46
50
72
51
44
10
1
8
5
100
16
3
7
1
5
56
8
4
3
9
6
415
53
29
26
39
39
186
64
114
58
56
86
818
116
48
54
58
37
313
98
108
98
97
94
64
13
17
4
4
7
1881-1885.
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
25,902
5,849
6,340
6,594
6.259
6,9.34
31,976
6,620
7,396
7,440
7,160
7,535
630
228
287
191
184
211
2.43
3.90
4.53
2.86
2.93
3.04
305
98
135
87
80
112
325
130
152
■ 104
104
99
313
101
101
79
89
1
93
317
127
186
112
95
118
24
20
15
13
3
1
32
21
11
3
10
9
30
23
4
9
11
16
45
2
35
10
7
5
1886-1890.
"1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1,101
102
89
157
133
340
3.44
1.50
1.20
2.11
1.86
4.51
512
52
48
75
74
166
589
■ 50
41
,82
59
174
463
48
44
57-
61
145
638
54
45
100
72
195
52
2
1
1
3
54
7
1
11
3
7
63
6
8
13
8
6
378 ! 495
40 47
23 39
67 j 65
72 47
221 j 94
59
17
3
9
1891-1895.
1896
1897
1898
Total,
33 years
36,151
. 7,504
7,110
6,905
173,787
821 ■
283
231
93
5,079
2.24
3.77
3.25
1.35
2.92
415
149
120
51
2,487
406
134
111
42
2,592
355
120
84
34
2,347
1
466
163
147
59
2,732
7
5
3
144
29
19
19
12
328
41
6
8
5
259
423
109
111
32
1,748
292
I 140
86
40
2,333
29
4
4
4
267
* Exclusive of Providence city.
1808.] CAiisKs (II' i)i;.\'iii. 226
Fever, Malarial.
TIio uumber of deutlis, (lurii]<^- 18'J8, froju diseases cliissed as
fever malarial, Avas 31. The number in 1897 was 44 ; in 189G was
42 ; in 1895 was 29 ; in 1894 was 2() ; in 1893 was 20 ; in 1892 was
36 ; in 1891, 31 ; in 1890, 42 ; in 1889, 40 ; in 1888, 71 ; in 1887, 85 ;
in 1886, 44 ; in 1885, 30 ; 1884, 25.
Se;v. — Of the 31 decedents from malarial fevers, in 1898, 15 were
males and 16 were females, or 94 males to every 100 females.
Parentage. — There were, of the 31 decedents from malarial dis-
eases, 10 of native parentage, and 21 of foreig-n.
Season. — The deaths from malarial diseases occurred in the dif-
ferent seasons of the year as follows :
First Quarter 7 Tliird Quarter 10
Second Quarter 5 Fourth Quarter 9
First lialf 12 Second half 19
Whole year 31
Age. — The number of decedents in the different periods of life
was as follows :
Under 5 years of age 2
From 5 to 20 years of age S
From 20 to 40 years of age 10
From -10 to GO years of age 5
CO and over G
Total 31
Localities. — Bristol county, 1 ; Kent county, 0 ; Newport county,
2 ; Providence county, 26 ; Washing-ton county, 2.
Fevers, Typhoid, etc.
The number of decedents whose deaths were returned as having
been caused by " fever " of some form, not malarial nor cerebro-
spinal, was 76. Deaths from puerperal fever are not included.
The following Table exhibits, for each of the last thirty-three
years, the number ami the percentage, and the sex and parentage
of the decedents from fevers returned as from typhoid, and the
number in each division of the State :
226
FOKTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXXV.
Mortidity in th.e Stale from Fevers, Typhoid, etc. — 1S6G to 1898, iadusive.
«
o
u
s
1 3
a
o
u
1
SEX.
1
PARENTAGE.
1
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE
YEARS.
1
1
6
>
n
0
l|
'C 0
P30
c 3
OJ 0
Wo
+3
n
is
0
a
■a
h
a
0
be .
s >■
Is
1866-1870
18T1-18T5
1876
1 641
1
740
126
134
150
114
158
4.2
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.4
2.7
3.4
314
350
65
63
68
47
74
327
890
61
71
82
67
84
398
419
71
65
77
63
94
243
321
55
69
73
51
64
35
12
5
8
13
4
8
39
43
9
10
13
13
12
34
13
8
6
6
5
243
263
44
52
59
44
66
184
299
33
44
47
40
52
63
89
32
1877
12
1878
12
1879
7
1880
15
1876-1880
1881
682
143
239
258
165
158
3.1
2.8
4.7
4.8
3.2
2.9
317
74
111
146
83
71
365
69
118
112
82
87
370
74
100
117
78
70
312
69
129
141
87
88
38
4
6
9
6
57
13
11
16
7
14
38
14
5
10
12
8
265
58
56
82
66
69
216
41
145
134
64
53
68
13
1882
6
1883
7
1884
9
1885
8
1881-1885
953
169
127
235
143
107
3.7
2.9
2.0
3.6
2.3
1.5
485
78
67
125
85
58
468
91
60
110
58
49
439
76
58
88
56
39
514
93
69
147
87
68
32
6
2
20
2
7
61
8
14
24
17
8
49
11
9
14
9
5
331
66
49
66
46
37
437
70
38
102
60
43
43
1886
8
1887
15
1888
9
1889
9
1890
7
1886-1890
781
149
133
115
159
125
2.5
2.2
1.8
1.6
2.2
1.7
413
86
75
65
93
73
368
63
58
50
66
52
317
56
55
41
46
55
464
93
78
74
113
70
37
5
5
4
5
3
71
8
12
7
13
7
48
17
9
5
13
11
264
46
49
40
56
52
313
63
51
52
70
48
48
1891
10
1892
7
1893
7
1894
2
1895
4
1891-1895
681
113
66
76
4,733
1.9
1.5
0.9
1.1
2.7
392
66
43
49
2,429
289
47
23
27
2,304
253
44
33
23
2,296
428
69
33
53
2,437
23
6
4
2
188
47
8
4
3
333
55
9
4
11
3,5
243
39
25
20
1,693
284
43
33
39
1,838
30
1896
8
1897
6
1898
1
Total, 33 years..
356
* Exclusive of Providence city.
]S08.] CAUSES OF DHATFT. 227
During- 1898, of the 76 decedents from typhoid fever, there were
40 nijiles juid 27 females, a in'0])ortioii of about 181 males to every
100 females. The ditt'erence in the sexes of the mortality from
fevers is not usually very great.
During- the period of thirty-three years, 18G6 to 1898, inclusive,
the proportions of the sexes of the decedents from " fever," in the
State, were 95 females to every 100 males.
Parentage. — There were 23 decedents from enteric fever, of
native parentage, in 1898, and 53 of foreign parentage, a pro-
portion of 70 of foreign and 30 of native in every 100 decedents.
Season. —
First Quarter 20 Third (iuiirter Kj
Second Quarter 1-^ Fourth Quarter 28
First half 33 Second half 44
Whole year 7G
The following Table shows the number of decedents from fevers,
in each division of ages, in each of the last thirty-three years, in
the State of Ehode Island :
228
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXXVI.
Mortality from Typlioid Femr in Age Periods.
Periods of
Life.
YEARS.
d
53
d
in
o
o
d
o
lO
d
CO
O
o
1
d
o
i
d
in
_o
o
d
o
i
d
o
o
s
o
o
>
o
a
o
CO
o
1366
23
17
10
10
26
13
17
27
10
23
21
22
17
19
35
25
24
36
24
K5
29
24
27
18
13
12
10
6
18
10
10
6
8
10
6
8
18
10
18
13
14
14
10
13
16
7
13
9
22
25
13
12
9
8
27
12
11
10
11
7
8
9
3
4
5
21
33
10
14
31
20
34
34
26
19
15
18
27
14
34
19
44
46
19
16
35
16
42
29
13
25
18
16
31
10
18
8
26
33
31
28
46
38
54
31
32
43
24
36
47
26
43
29
69
75
47
25
41
31
75
41
35
50
42
43
57
56
35
22
23
31
12
8
9
19
18
20
25
9
18
14
20
13
15
23
14
27
31
22
26
20
16
29
18
14
20
20
15
21
15
13
11
21
16
11
8
25
16
9
13
5
10
9
8
11
6
12
11
14
12
9
11
14
10
16
8
5
10
15
10
12
7
16
9
9
9
8
10
9
8
9
12
13
10
10
6
5
12
3
10
9
9
11
12
11
17
5
12
9
6
7
10
10
6
9
6
3
1
14
4
5
8
8
4
11
7
3
6
16
7
2
12
5
13
10
10
10
12
8
8
3
5
6
6
6
6
3
5
7
3
1
10
2
5
6
8
5
3
8
6
4
6
2
3
8
3
11
9
8
5
6
5
4
4
3
4
3
1
2
2
4
5
1
1867
2
1
1868
1869
2
2
2
1
2
2
1870
1
1871
1873
1873
1874
1^75
1876
1877
3
o
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
4
3
1
1878
1
1880
1
1888
2
1884
1
1886
1
1888
1890
1
1893
1894
1
1896 ....
Total 33 years
615
375
732
1,314
603
364
287
233
155
43
13
1898.
rAFSES or DKATFf.
:i29
s
■-*->
CO
rs;
00
OS
o
(iO
'■4)
'^
o
P*^
^
o
^
Eh
^
o
CO
^
?~
c
Qi
<4)
;^
<!>
bs
Co lai
I
o ■
O
-
T
-^ c-
—
•"
— —
a
CO
CO :
CO ^
o
1-1
""1 , .
f-i 1^
o
in
t"
CI :
ira 11?
oo
1-H
' tH
i~l
r-4
iM t~i
J5
r-
C-.
-r 1-
t '/,
00
«
--^
— ^
1-1 ^
-M
.0
t- o
cc X
vj
'M
Ol
— -M
rt ^
CO
•d
•o
-t .O
lO X
QC
-H
Ol
« oq
1-H ,-,
1 IM
1 OS
X
-f
CO -*
l- o
00
1-1
1-1
Ol
1-1 -H
-H (N
I-H
(N
-* «D
00 CO
00
1-H
(M
(N 1-1
tH <N
g
lO
Ci O
Ci CO
00
T-H
^
— < 1—1
i-t 01
OS
00
(M
-* t-
Ol Ol
00
1—1
S<J
Sq (M
oi o«
CO
CO
O
O? 05
OI Ol
CO
1-1
CO
(M Ol
01 Ol
1-
OD
o
tH iO
CO Ol
CO
(M
Ol Ol
01 1-1
oo
o
O lO
-H Ol
CSJ
'jq
CO oi
01 01
00
o
O? (M
o ^
00
!M
CM iM
01 -H
s
'M
n o
t uO
oo
C-?
'>
a CO
Ol Ol
CO
GO
X
:
cr ^
rt<
: cT
oi oi
t~
-t
- -
oo
-i<
: ct
■>x c?
s
X
: It
-- .o
CO
rH
-N
! 1.0
Ol 0-1
o
-*
: '--
i.O lO
cc
1—1
CO
; cc
Ol 01
Ci
1--
t-
: t- Ci X
00
(M
: cN
1-1 r-,
CO
'i*
: -f cr t-
oo
CO
! CO oi oi
o
: X t- CO
00
T-l
CO
: 'IH (M eo
o
: <N t- o
1-1
CO
: Tji (N CO
X
«
'--.
•—
T.
-^
'd
~
*2^
;^
OS
'—
x —
■Jl
as
— _
— .-
, •' —
— T'
t
^
h— ' ^
-- ^
■r. —
^
.~
> r
—
z
'■ t' 1.
tZ — .
i;
<*
/<
'. I--
''. ^
230 forty-sixth registratioiir report. [1898.
Diseases of the Heart.
The number of decedents from the various forms of diseases of
the heart, as reported in 1898, was 549. The number is 21 less
than that of 1897.
This number represents 7.95 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of 1.32 to every one thousand of the population.
Bex. — There were 295 male decedents, and 254 female dece-
dents ; a proportion of about 116 males to every 100 females, but
these proportions, although varying" from year to year, are not
greatly different.
Parentage. — Of the 549 decedents from diseases of the heart,
in 1898, there were 282 of native parentage, and 267 of foreign, a
proportion of about 106 of native parentage to every 100 of for-
eign. Except in 1892, 1893, and 1896, it has been the invariable
rule of the whole period of registration that the native population
is more subject to heart disease than the foreign.
The following Table exhibits, for each of the last thirty-three
years, 1866 to 1898, inclusive, the number and percentage, and the
sex and parentage of the decedents from diseases of the heart,
and the number of the same in each division of the State :
1898.
CAUSES OF DKATll.
231
Tai!LE LXXVIII.
Mortality from Diseases of tlic Heart, ISGG to ISOS, iiiclndre.
YEA US.
5 years, 18GC-1870
1871-1875
187G
1877
1878
1879
1880
1876-1880
1881
1883
1883
1884
1885
1S81-1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1886-1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1891-1895
1S9G
1897
1898
Total, 33 years..
0}
Q
3
4.)
a
u
590
8.83
1
922
4.49 !
166
4.03
182
4.09
166
8.73
202
4.78
231
5.08
947
4.25
264
5.65
255
5.31
325
6.20
285
5.60
349
6.48
1,478
5.71
330
5.20
406
6.40
'436
6.56
460
7.35
405
5.84
2,037
6.37
480
7.25
506
6.84
535
7.19
476
6.65
535
7.10 i
7.01 ;
2.532
556
7.41
570
8.02
549
7.95
10,181
5.86
458
86
94
88
114
125
507
181
116
167
135
162
152
205
196
233
222
1,008
248
260
264
251
260
282
464
80
106
133
139
158
150
187
178
201
240
227
183
1,029
232
246
271
225
275
1,283 1,249
294
805
295
5,169
266
254
5,012
PARENTAOE.
395
595
109
110
109
127
146
601
154
162
179
163
198
850
184
240
240
258
219
1,141
244
252
264
246
275
DIVISIONS OP THE STATE.
346
no
93
146
122
151
622
146
166
196
202
186
236
254
271
230
260
1,281
1,251
266
1
290 1
295
275 i
282
267 j
5,712
4,469 :
01 3
"C o
no
195 I 22
827
57
72
57
75
85
34
44 107
64
21
22
20
16
14
93
19
9
17
323
O 3
a> o
WO
20
21
22
31
49
143
37
47
43
32
41
200
40
88
42
734
ID
o
O
u
a*
s
£>.
o
^3
4) 0
©2
^ c
P-O
>■ -1.
Gd •^
!>0
48 184 262 26
82 I 248
38
57
38
38
59
79 230
24 78
23 55
70
25
94
127 I 379
82
123
122
143
114
465 I 60
86
93
83
111
104
477
121
142
172
139
159
160 I 584
137
163
174
161
180
168
193
210
199
172
942
210
200
238
192
210
211
815
1,050
38
189
231
42
200
230
44
171
237
881
8,000
4,627
16
11
18
12
81
88
30
26
31
29
28
144
37
26
30
»
36
163
39
51
3S
666
* Exclusive of Providence city.
232 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
Sex. — Of the 10,181 persons deceased from diseases of the heart,
in the last thirty-three years, 5,169 were males, and 5,012 were
females ; or 103 males to each 100 females.
Parentage.— Oi the 10,181 decedents, during thirty-three years,
5,712 were of native parentage, and 4,469 of foreign. The pro-
portions would, therefore, stand as follows : To every 100 of for-
eign parentage there were about 128 of native ; or about 56 native
and 44 of foreign parentage in every 100 deaths. This difference
has been gradually diminishing. In 1892 there were 2 more
deaths of foreign than of native parentage ; in 1893 there were
7 more deaths of foreign than of native parentage ; in 1896 there
were 24 more deaths of foreign than of native parentage ; in 1897,
however, there were 20 more deaths of native than of foreign
parentage ; and in 1898 there were 15 more deaths of native than
of foreign parentage,
, Diseases of the heart rank second in the order of causes in
1898.
I'he following Table shows the number of decedents from dis-
eases of the heart, in each divisional period of life, in each of the
last thirty-three years.
1808.]
TAirsKS or DKATII.
233
Tai'.le LXXJX.
Mortality from Diseases of t/ie Heart, in Age Periods.
Periods of
Life.
YEA US.
u
o
5
o
o
es
O
3.
Si
s
•6
f,
§
§
o
•a
o
g
s
K
1866
18
8
14
17
10
23
21
4
186T
11
11
10
13
22
16
27
4
1808
!.■)
d
13
11 ; 14
28
2.)
5
1869
21
4
14
18 20
22
21
7
1
1870
19
9
27
19
20
6
12
12
11
IG
11
10
22
28
26
13 20
19 23
21
36
36
35
50
23
28
29
42
40
3
6
13
9
12
1
1S71
1
1872
19
18
21
31
25
27
1873
2
1874
2
1575
14
16
25
20
32
29
41
9
1876
14
15
16
19
15
10
11
8
9
f
10
15
20
18
13
18
19 1 20
18 27
38
45
36
51
49
39
33
35
36
49
10
13
11
16
28
I
1877
1878
16
25
23
26
33
38
1880
1
1881
32
13
26
33
37
49
53
21
1882
22
17
24
25
36
51
61
17
2
1883
39
13
21
33
52
65
70
26
1884
15
25
21
32
45
61
50
32
4
1885
88
13
24
42 61
69
78
24
1886
89
18
28
38 I 52
68
69
18
1887
52
30
23
35 ' 61
79
87
39
1888
89
25
30
54 \ 84
97
74
33
1889
45
25
37
45 ; 69
85
118
35
1
1890
34
15
24
53
69
78
96
36
1891
40
18
45
41
85
109
101
38
3
1892
54
21
82
59
93
111
104
31
1
55
40
27
28
48
36
68
64
81
69
116
102
97
102
42
35
1
1894
1895
33
20
44
57 82
137
111
51
1896
40
33
46
65 : 98
106
117
50
1
1897
40
34
43
68 1 74
145
117
4'.l
1898
34
22
81
57 ; 91
1.34
i;io
50
Ti)t<il, 33 years
943
546
840
1,139 1.607
2,177
2,180
777
«
29
234 FORTY-SIXTH KEGISTRATIOX REPORT. [1898.
The results of thirty-three years of registration, with record of
ag-es of decedents from diseases of the heart, show in periods of
twenty years each of life, the following percentages :
Under 20 years of age 9.3 per cent.
Between 20 and 40 13.6 per cent.
Between 40 and 60 27.0 per cent.
Between 60 and 80 42.3 per cent.
Orer 80 7.6 per cent.
Xot stated 0.2 percent.
Total 100.0 per cent.
It will be seen that more than 42 per cent, of all the deaths
from diseases of the heart were of persons over 60 years of age,
and under 80.
Diseases of the heart have acquired large importance as a cause
of death. From 38.7 in every 1,000 deaths from all causes, in 1866,
heart diseases gradually increased to about 73 in every 1,000, in
1889, and falling back to slightly less than 60 per 1,000, in 1890,
and rising to 72.5 per 1,000, in 1891, and falling to 68.4 in 1892.
In 1893 there were 71.9 deaths from heart diseases in every 1,000,
in 1894 there were 66.5 deaths in eveiy 1,000, in 1895 there were
71.0 deaths in every 1,000, in 1896 there were 74.1 deaths in every
1,000, in 1897 there were 80.1 deaths in every 1,000, and in 1898
there were 79.5 deaths in every 1,000.
Influenza.
The event, during the first four months of the year 1890, of a
very extraordinary and perhaps unprecedented prevalence of a
form of influenza, which was unlike that of ordinary occurrence
in that it affected indiscriminately all the functions and nearly all
the organs of the body, varying with the individuals attacked,
and the reappearance of the same, although in greatly lessened
numbers, in 1891, warrants a continued notice not given previous
to 1890 in the Registration Reports to the affection so named.
The disease was, in 1890, most largely confined to the respira-
tory passages, and resulted in a largely increased mortality from
bronchitis and consumption. During 1891 the disease was equally
as severe, affecting in a larger measure the brain and other nerve
centres, and the direct mortality was even larger than that of 1890.
The prevalence was largest during the second quarter of the year,
and again in December.
1898. J CAfSES OF f»F.ATfr. 235
The increase iu December of 1801 was follr>we<l bj- a sudden
ang-raentation in the first four months of the folIowing^ year, 1802,
the greatest number of deaths, 108, occuning in Januaiy of 1802.
The total for 1892 was 336, or about twice as much as for either
of the previous yeai-s. In 1803 there were 84 deaths reported as
resulting- from intiuenza. This was 251 less than in 1802. In 1804
there were 166 deaths from influenza reported, an increase of 0.=3
per cent, from 1893, and a decrease of over 50 per cent, from 1802.
In 1805 there were 115 deaths from influenza. In 1806 there were
but 42 deaths from influenza. In 1807 there were 153 deaths from
influenza. In 1808 there were 75 deaths from influenza.
,SVi,/'._Of the 75 deaths from influenza, in 1808, 20 were males
and 46 were females, a proportion of 52 males to eveiy 100 fe-
males,
Parerd'Kjfi.—Tixa parent nativity of the decedents was 40 of
native and 35 of foreign.
Season.— Oi the 75 deaths from influenza, during 1808, 24 oc-
curred in the first quarter of the year, 27 in the second, 3 in the
third, and 21 in the fourth quarter.
^4^g._There were 16 under 5 years of age, 2 from 5 to 20 years,
10 from 20 to 40, 13 from 40 to 60, 20 from 60 to 80, 14 from 80
years of age and over.
The following Tables will show the proportionate nativit}% sex,
and locality of the disease.
The greatest mortality appears to be among females, there
being 153 females to eveiy 100 males. The nativity appears to
be nearly equally divided between native and foreign, there being-
101 foreign to 100 native.
The largest number of deaths occurred in Providence citv, but
this is not out of proportion to the proportionate number and
density of population.
Refendng to the age periods, it will be seen that the greatest
age is 70 to 80, there being 267, or 20.27 per cent, of the whole
number of deaths from this disease. Taking the three decennials
including 60 to 00 we have 644 deaths, or 48.80 per cent, of all
by ages.
By season, the greatest number of deaths occurred during the
winter months, the most severe being during Januar}-, Febi-narv*,
and December. The number in Januai-y and Febniary make a
total of 674, or 51.18 per cent, of all.
236
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Mortality in the State from Influenza, 1S90 to 1898, inclusive.
CS
a>
P
o
ID
a
3
CO
o
Ph
SEX.
PABBNTAGE.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE.
YEARS.
<D
S
iz;
d
o
.s ^
E o
>>
+j a
P 3
® o
Wo
4^
> 3
o
C*
P-O
0)
o
a
©
PhO
3
o
M .
1890
168
177
366
85
166
115
42
153
75
2.42
2.67
4.54
1.14
2.32
1.53
.56
2.15
1.09
72
67
142
34
62
48
15
52
29
96
110
194
51
104
67
27
101
46
68
91
170
47
88
63
16
72
40
100
86
166
38
78
52
26
81
35
6
7
11
7
6
3
2
3
8
14
14
27
3
9
10
1
6
3
12
14
13
5
15
9
2
3
5
61
60
115
33
48
42
30
72
30
70
69
144
33
75
41
6
64
26
5
1891
13
1893
26
1893
5
1894
13
1895
10
1896
1
1897
5
1898
3
1890 1898
1,317
2.04
521
796
655
662
53
87
78
491
527
81
Influenza by Age Periods, 1890-1898.
YEARS.
u
HI
3
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
m
_o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
17
21
33
4
12
10
4
22
8
131
9.95
o
o
19
29
74
13
32
16
13
22
7
235
17.08
o
o
o
o
11
19
41
16
17
9
6
25
8
152
11.54
>
O
3
cS
O
to
o
!5
1890
14
11
26
7
6
14
1
11
12
102
7.75
18
12
20
5
14
10
3
1
4
87
6.61
4
2
4
2
1
2
S
1
18
1.37
8
8
6
3
5
5
1
5
1
42
3.19
14
14
13
6
11
8
1
2
4
73
5.54
£2
6
19
1
6
6
2
10
6
78
5.92
18
14
25
20
9
2
10
5
110
8.35
17
42
74
16
37
24
6
38
13
267
20.27
5
1
3
2
4
3
1
5
6
30
2.28
1
1891
1892
1893
1
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1890 1898
2
Per cent, of all ages, 9
.15
* Exclusive of Providence city.
1 808. 1
OAUSns OF DF.A'rif.
"SI*} t
Influenza by Months, ISHO-ISOS.
YKAh'S.
>.
cS
3
l_
108
4
198
5
10-,'
12
9
26
471
5
£
1
27
3
r)2
1
27
20
4
67
2
203
J3
1
11
1
31
2
10
43
5
29
15
147
a
<
8
22
27
19
9
16
11
13
132
CS
•?>.
4
19
9
12
7
7
5
4
9
76
o
•?
2
19
6
4
3
6
4
3
5
52
a
2
2
1
2
5
1
m
s
s
2
2
2
1
u
s>
Xi
S
a>
a
s>
tn
1
2
3
1
1
i
o
u
O
3
4
2
1
Si
6
V
(-
o
>^
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
11
i
B
§
o
1
9S
5
36
3
4
2
6
20
175
1890
1C8
1691
117
189a
330
1893
85
1894
166
1895
115
1896
o
2
2
1
13
1
2
13
42
1897
153
1898
2
15
9
75
1890-1898
1 317
Insanity.
There were 82 deaths from insanity, in 1898, a decrease of 21
from 1897. The percentage to the whole number of deaths was
1.19. These deaths occurred chiefly at the Cranston institutions,
and in the Butler hospital.
^ex. — There were 41 male and 41 female decedents.
Parerdagi.'. — The number of native decedents from insanity was
37, and of foreign ])arentage 45.
Of the 82 deaths in 1898, there were 19 from dementia, 25 from
senile dementia, 3 from acute mania, G from chronic mania, 7 from
melancholia, and 22 from insanity.
Of the 19 deaths from dementia, the secondary cause given in
3 cases was chronic Blight's disease; 3, pulmonary tuberculosis;
5, paralysis ; 2, cerebral softening ; 1, cancer of abdominal viscera ;
1, j)arotitis and meningitis; 4 cases, no secondary cause given.
Of the 25 deaths from senile dementia, the secondary cause
given in 3 cases was chronic nephritis; 2, diarrhoea ; 1, cystitis;
238 I'ORTT-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
1, epilepsy ; 1, pulmonary tuberculosis ; 1, pneumonia ; 1, valvular
disease of heart ; 15 cases, no secondary cause given.
Of the 22 deaths from insanity, the secondary cause given in
7 cases was paralysis ; 2, chronic nephritis ; 1, valvular disease .of
heart ; 1, childbirth ; 1, cystitis ; 1, pulmonary tuberculosis ; 1,
epilepsy and meningitis ; in 8 cases no secondary cause was given.
Of the 3 deaths from acute mania, the secondary cause given in
1 case was Bright's disease ; 1, pulmonary tuberculosis ; 1, tuber-
cular meningitis.
Of the 6 deaths from chronic mania, the secondary cause given
in 3 cases was chronic nephritis ; 1, diarrhoea ; 1, pulmonary tuber-
culosis ; 1, no secondary cause given.
Of the 7 deaths from melancholia, the secondary cause given in
1 case was chronic Bright's disease ; 2, pulmonary tuberculosis ;
1, malignant tumor of brain ; 3, no secondary cause given.
Secondary causes, with insanity in some form as a primary cause,
were as follows : chronic Bright's disease, 6 — dementia 1, insanity
1, acute mania 2, chronic mania 1, melancholia, 1 ; cancer of ab-
dominal viscera, 1 — dementia ; cerebral hemorrhage, 2 — dementia
1, insanity 1 ; cerebral softening, 3— dementia 3 ; childbirth, 1 —
insanity ; cystitis, 2 — insanity 1, senile dementia 1 ; diarrhoea, 3 —
senile dementia 2, chronic mania 1 ; epilepsy, 2— insanity 1, senile
dementia 1 ; paralysis, 13 — insanity 10, dementia 3 ; phthisis pul-
monalis, 9 — dementia 3, senile dementia 1, insanity 1, acute mania
1, chronic mania 1, melancholia 2 ; valvular disease of heart, 2 —
senile dementia 1, insanity 1 ; tubercular meningitis, 1 — acute
mania ; parotitis and meningitis, 1 — acute mania ; pneumonia, 1 —
senile dementia ; chronic nephritis, 7 — dementia 1, chronic demen-
tia 3, insanity 1, chronic mania 2 ; malignant tumor of brain, 1 —
melancholia.
The following Table shows the mortality in the State from in-
sanity for thirty-three years, with percentage to deaths from all
causes, sex, parentage, etc., from 1866 to 1898, inclusive :
181J8
(JAUSHS (»I- DKATH,
239
Table LXXX.
Mortalit}/ in (he State from InHanity.
m
Q
o
e
1
72
lOG
12
19
22
17
19
s
b
.47
.52
.28
.49
.50
.40
.39
..S9
.63
.45
.55
.69
.67
SEX.
FARGNTAOE.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE.
YKAUS.
tn
v
a
;i3
55
i
5
; 9
5
11
9
1
S
'a
y
13
52
76
9
1 ^
16
10
13
"5
1
•1%
cao
11
o
c
o
&-0
a
o
it
lf>(JG~l.STO
39
51
10
10
20
30
3
10
6
7
6
' 3
i
1 ■
5
2
2
1
4
8
1
1
7
88
1
5
3
5
6
53
58
6
12
17
11
9
1
1871 ISTS
3
1
1876
1ST7
1
1878
1
1879
1
1
1
1 880
1
i
1 i 2
1
1870-1880
1881
89
32
23
29
36
35
1 39
15
9
12
17
16
50
17
14
17
19
19
57
22
18
17
24
! 18
82
10
5
12
12
17
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
2
3
4
3
20
10
8
7
21
23
55
16
12
18
9
10
5
1
1882
3
1 S83
1
1
1S84
1 885
1881-1885
1.55
49
64
43
22
.30
.59
.83
1.01
.64
.35
.44
69
\ ^'
1 35
; 21
14
19
86
28
29
22
8
11
! 99
' 28
1 33
24
! 12
16
5G
21
31
19
10
14
4
3
' 1
1
1
2
5
1
1
69
37
56
33
14
13
65
8
14
5
1880
1887
6
1888
1890
1
1
18!)1
208
■ 21
27
39
49
72
.65
.32
.37
.53
.68
.96
1 110
10
17
14
1 20
i 36
98
11
10 :
25 1
29
36
113
16
15
13
22
44
93
5
12
26
27
28
6
3
3
153
5
8
80
27
41
86
13
14
9
18
27
6
2
189-2
1
1893
1894
1
3
1
o
1 895
1891-1895
208
53
103
83
1.076
.57
.70
1.45
1.19
.62
97
28
53
41
525
111
25
50
41
.551
110
22
51
87
617
98
81
52
45
459
7
3
24
3
3
80
1
4
81
111
40
78
GO
571
81
11
13
10
383
5
18915
1897
1898
6
Total, 33 years..
.37
* Esclusire of Providence city.
240 fokty-sixth eegistkation report. [1898.
Diseases of the Kidneys.
There were 471 deaths returned, during 1898, with diseases of
the kidneys assigned as the cause.
This number represents 6.82 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of 1.13 to every 1,000 of the population.
jSex. — Of the 471, there were 228 males, and 243 females.
Parentage. — There were 207 of native parentage and 264 of for-
eign, or about 78 of native, to every 100 of foreign parentage.
Previous to 1890, the decedents from diseases of the kidneys, of
foreign parentage, outnumbered those of native parentage.
Age. — Of the 471 decedents from kidney diseases, 14 were under
5 years of age, 22 from 5 to 20, 104 from 20 to 40, 149 from 40 to
60, 149 from 60 to 80, and 33, 80 and over.
Diseases of the kidneys have largely increased in number, and
much more largely in proportion, during the last thirty -three
years.
During the ten years from 1866 to 1875, inclusive, the propor-
tion of deaths from kidney diseases, to whole number of deaths
from all causes, was but little more than one per cent., while
during the ten years from 1886 to 1895, inclusive, the proportion
was nearly three and one-half per cent.
The following Table will present various facts in relation to the
mortality from diseases of the kidneys, in Khode Island, for thirty-
three years, 1866-1898 :
189S.
CAUSKS OF DEATir,
241
TAliLE LXXXI.
Mortality in the State from Kidney Diiieases, ISGd to JSDS, inclufrire.
YEARS.
5 years, 18G6-1870
1871-1875
1870
1877
1878
1879
1880
1876-1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1881-1885
1886
1887
1688
1880
1890
1886-1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1891-1895
1896
1897
1898
Total, 33 years..
135
295
50
67
80
79
91
1.44
1.28
1.57
1.8»
1.88
2.02
367 I 1.65
79
1.69
86
1.79
129
2.43
118
2.29
159
2.97
571
2.20
155
169
1
213 j
210 I
229 I
976 I
245
258 I
302 '
313
J41_
1.459
395
2.49
2.66
3.23
3.38
3.20
3.05
3.06
3.49
4.06
4.37
4.54
3.90
5.26
5.44
6.82
5,056 2.91
94
167
22
40
50
51
52
215
40
50
72
53
92
807
85
92
102
119
116
514
123
135
154
152
176
740
209
198
228
2,672
128
28
2t
30
28
152
39
36
57
65
67
264
70
77
111
91
113
462
122
128
148
161
165
720
186
189
243
2,384
PARENTAGE.'
i
1
a
1
91
1
44
187
108
32
18 ,
35
32 1
49
31 1
44
35
51
211
40
156
47
32
45
41
74
55
66
52
86
73
318
853
93
68
90
79
122
91
122
88
109
120 1
586
440
122
123
127
131
141
161
164
149
171
170
725
784
188
807
185
202
807
264
2,648
8,408
DIVIHION9 OF THE STATE.
it
uo
6
« o
O S
<U o
7
n
o
■OS
'>5
£S
£,0
S
g
1
SB .
n
25
23
66
8
11
11
17
67
172
17
1
1
7
10
28
3
2
1
14
49
1
4
3
3
21
47
8
1
3
1
23
43
8
1
5
10
27
46
8
9
13
21
95
213
16
7
5
4
14
48
1
2
5
10
15
52
2
5
2
17
37
60
8
5
11
12
38
54
8
8
10
17
31
88
5
27
33
60
125
302
24
3
10
22
37
71
18
5
6
16
43
92
7
10
10
24
46
115
8
14
13
15
62
96
10
15
8
21
59
116
10
47
47
98
847
490
47
9
18
25
78
114
13
9'
11
24
70
128
16
19
15
85
81
147
15
28
80
S3
84
136
18
23
19
29
96
163
11
88
77
136
403
688
73
19
39
34
125
160
18
84
19
80
129
164
81
19
83
25
153
219
88
844
860
4-16
1,367
2,474
856
30
Exclusive of Providence city.
242 foett-sixth registration report. [1898.
Diseases of the Liver.
There were 91 deaths reported, in 1898, as having been caused
by structural diseases of the liver.
This number represents 1.32 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .22 to every 1,000 of the population.
Of the 91 decedents, there were 41 males and 50 females, or ]22
females to every 100 males.
There were 31 of native parentage, and 60 of foreign, or about
52 of native to every 100 of foreign.
Seventy -nine of the whole number were of persons of 40 years
of age and over.
In the age period of from 5 to 40, there were but 11 decedents
from diseases of the liver.
The mortality from such diseases does not depend to any marked
extent upon the influence of season.
Table LXXXII will present various facts relating to diseases of
the liver during thirty-three years :
1898.]
CACSKS OF DFATFI.
243
Table LXXXII.
Mortality from Diseases of the Liver, ISGG to ISUS, incUmre.
CO
1
s
a
1
SEX.
FARBNTAOB.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE
YEARS.
1
1
1.81
.98
1
1
"3
a
a>
>
1
d
tic
1
It
T. o
pao
It
II
®
o
c«
1°
u o
1 a>
1 2
£0
1
si .
1866-1870
i 201
202
1
! 118
91
i
88
111
118
119
88
83
12
18
14
14
36
12
47
56
70
88
22
1871-1875
14
1876
45
52
49
52
58
256
1.09
1.17
1.10
1.24
1.27
1.15
: 26
23
! 25
' 27
29
19
29
24 1
25
29
27
31
32
31
40
18
21
1
1
5
1
4
3
5
7
6
2
8
11
16
14
14
15
18
24
18
22
25
5
1877
4
1878
17 1 8
2
1879
21
18
4
4
6
1880
3
1876-1880
130
126
161
95 18
13
28
70
107
20
188!
46
62
.92
1.22
, 30
34
16
28
21
36
26 1 3
2
5
6
10
8
17
24
24
4
1882
3
1883
51
.94
27
24
20
31 i 5
6
4
16
18
2
1884
48
.93
22
26
23
25 5
3
5
2
31
2
1885
61
1.13
j 24
37 \
32
29
2
17
6
6
21
24
2
1881-1885
268
1.03
137
131
132
136
22
31
64
121
13
1886
54
.92
29
25
26
28 4
4
4
14
28
1887
86
68
70
65
1.35
1.08
1.12
.94
40
38
30
42
46
30
40 i
23
38
36
31
29
48 1 3
32 1
39 1
36 I 3
5
5
2
4
3
6
10
6
31
28
26
21
39
20
29
26
5
1888
2
1889
2
1890
5
1886-1890
343
1.07
179
164
160
183 '] 12
1
20
29
120
148
14
1891
81
8«|
T2
9S
1.23
i.ao
.97
1.80
41
89
43
48
40
50
29
50
28
34
SO
42
53 3
55 1 8
42 4
51 1 2
4
5
8
9
9
4
6
9
26
27
15
42
38
45
36
24
1
1892
5
1898
3
1894
7
1895
81
1.07
43
38 i
28
53
6
10
27
31
7
1891-1895
416
1.15
209
207
162
254 12
82
88
137
174
23
1896
110 1
1.47
56
54 j
37
73 1! 3
7
6
40
48
6
1897 1
58|
.82
31
27
22
36 1 4
3
6
15
25
5
1898
91
1.82
41
50
31
60
3
7
6
26
41
8
1,945
1.12
1
987
958
1
942
1,008
99
132
198
675
822
125
♦ Exclusive of Providence city.
244 forty-sixth eegistratiolsr report. [1898.
Dropsy.
During 1898 there were 3 deaths returned as having* been caused
by dropsy. This number represents .04 per cent, of deaths from
all causes.
It has been repeatedly observed in previous reports that al-
though this term is a misnomer in a large measure, and conveys
no definite idea of the pathological condition preceding the drop-
sical accumulation, it is, nevertheless, the only cause returned,
and as it is in some instances the apparently immediate cause
of death, it is given a place in the Registration Reports ; and as
a frequent result and concomitant of diseases of the kidneys and
liver, it has been placed in comparison with them in the following
Table.
Of the 3 decedents from dropsy, 2 were males and 1 was fe-
male.
Of the parentage, 1 was of native and 2 of foreign parentage.
It will be noticed that the number of deaths from dropsy, for
1898, was but three. This is explained by the fact that the diag-
nosis of dropsy was not accepted as a cause but as a symptom.
In these cases strenuous effort was made by the Registrar to
ascertain the cause of the dropsy from tlie physician, in every
case so reported. The large number returned from that cause
was distributed under the headings of heart disease, liver disease,
or disease of the kidneys, as finally ascertained from the physician
in charge. These groups of diseases are therefore correspondingly
increased over the numbers of previous years.
In these three cases the causation of the ascites was so obscure
that no decision could be arrived at, either as a result of the phy-
sician having been called after death, or in the absence of any
previous history.
An examination of Table LXXXIII will serve as evidence of
the greater carefulness and better judgment of the medical prac-
titioners of the present time, inasmuch as the causes of dropsy
are now better understood and reported, and for that reason the
number of deaths attributed to dropsy is very small.
1898.
("ATSES or DKATir.
24o
Table LXXXIII.
Mortality from Kichuy and Liver DincaseH compared with Dropny (no returned^
for thirty three years, 1SG6-1S9S. •
Total, 33 years,
DEATHS FItOM
KIDNEY
DISKAftES.
135
295
50
67
80
79
91
367
129
118
159
571
155
169
213
210
229
976
245
258
302
313
341
1,459
395
387
*47I
5,056
94
167
22
40
50
51
52
215
40
50
72
53
85
92
102
119
116
514
123
135
154
152
176
740
209
198
2-^8
2,672
128
28
27
30
28
39
15a
39
36
57
65
67
264
70
77
111
91
118
122
123
148
161
165
719
186
189
243
2,384
DEATHS FROM
I.IVKIt
DISEASES.
"3
1
1
201
113
202
91
45
26
52
23
40
25
52
27
58
29
256
130
46
30
63
34
51
27
48
22
61
24
268
137
54
29
86
40
68
88
70
30
65
42
348
179
81
41
89
39
72
43
93
43
81
43
416
209
110
56
58
81
91
41
1,945
987
88
111
19
59
24
25
29
126
16
28
24
26
37
131
25
46
80
40
TOTA r,
DEATHS FROM
KIDNEY AND
LIV£U JUISKASES.
1
1
"3
836
207
497
258
95
48
119
63
129
75
181
78
149
81
623
845
125
70
148
84
180
99
166
75
220
116
839
444
209
114
255
182
281
140
280
149
294
158
693
1,S19
826
164
347
174
874
197
406
195
422
219
1,875
949
505
265
445
229
562
269
7,001
8.659
129
239
47
56
54
58
68
278
53
64
81
91
104
395
95
123
141
131
136
162
178
177
211
208
240
216
293
8,342
DEATHS FKOM
imorsv.
302
294
70
64
44
54
46
278
48
52
47
40
' 44
231
45
35
47
42
44
218
85
7
4
124
2
2
8
1,449
143
130
35
25
23
28
22
159
164
35
133 145
117 I 114
27
21
29
28
26
181
27
22
28
4
8
84
1
1
2
648 801
>>>>
CO OJ
B.S ■
So--
B2-0
5.si
-34
-208
-25
—55
-85
-77
—103
-345
—77
-96
—133
-126
—176
—164
—220
-284
—238
-250
-1,106
-291
-308
-335
-899
-418
—1,751
-508
-448
—559
-5,552
1.96
1.43
1.70
1.44
.99
1.21
.95
1.25
.96
1.02
.89
.78
.82
.89
.77
.55
.71
.67
.68
.67
.52
.58
.52
.10
.06
.84
.03
.03
.04
.63
246 forty-sixth eegistratiok report. [1898.
Measles.
There were 18 decedents from measles as a cause of death in
1898. The number is 15 less than in the preceding year.
This number represents .26 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .04 to every 1,000 of the population.
Of the 18 there were 11 males and 7 females. The sexes as a
rule seem to be nearly equally susceptible to measles and to mor-
tality therefrom.
Of parentage there were 3 of native, and 15 of foreign.
During the last ten years the proportion of mortality from
measles has been about 53 of native to every 100 of foreign par-
entage.
During 1898 the number of decedents under 5 years of age
was 15.
The number in the different divisions of the State may be found
in Table LXXXIV :
1898.
CAUSES OF DK.VTir.
247
Table LXXXIV.
Mortality in the State from Measles, 1866 to 1808*
CO*
cd
»
O
1
S
9
u
SEX.
PARBNTAQE.
DIVISIONS OF
THE
STATE.
YEARS.
1
S
I
1^
no
Mo
S50
4>
O
£8
p
a
1.
c >,
Is
5 years. 1866-1870.
92
.60
44
48
26
66
6
4
12
35
25
5 years, 1871-1875.
102
.50
43
59
53
49
5
12
7
39
35
4
1876
4
11
81
.10
.25
1.82
3
39
4
8
42
1
2
25
3
9
56
4
8
26
1877
1
2
1876
2
3
1879
1880
9
1
.20 i
3
6
2
7
6
3
1876-1880
105
.47
45
60
30
75
2
3
1
44
55
1881
37
.74
17
20 i
15
22
!
1
2
9
25
1882
6
14
1
1
11
1
5i
3
9
6
5
2
3
4
8
1883
1
o
1884
18
.35 !
10
8
5
13
1
6
1
3
7
1885
45
.84 1
27
18
19
26
7
o
•>~
8
52
1
1881-1885
120
.46
66
.54
48
72
1
15
5
44
3
1886
18
132
.30
2.08
11
69
7 1
63 1
4
57
14
75
5
5
6
4
26
9
90
1887
3
1888
11
.22
5
6 1
3
8
2
7
2
1889
29
.47
15
14 !
10
19
8
14
1890
92
1.32
45
47 1
42
50
2
10
3
41
85
31
146
a
282
.88
.18
145
137 i
116
166
2
80
11
1891
12
7
5 1
4
8
1
2
2
3
3
1
1892
28
.38
14
1
14 1
10
18
2
4
11
11
1893
100
1.34
56
44 {
83
67
11
22
64
3
1894
9
5S
.12
.70 '
4
24
5
29
3
6
42
2
2
8
5
40
1895
5
1891-1895
202
.54
105
97 '
61
141
1
20
8
46
123
4
1896
58
J
28
80
1 22
86
6
8
28
• 19
2
1897
83
.46
21
12
11
22
5
1
1
8
18
1898
18
1,012
.26
.58
11
508
604
8
870
15
642
1
46
12
341
4
487
1
Total, 33 years..
22
91
25
♦ Exclusive of Providence city.
248 porty-sixth^registration report. [1898.
Old Age,
The number of deaths, in 1898, attributed to old age as a cause,
was 205. This is 46 more than in 1897.
This number represents 2.97 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of .59 to every 1,000 of the population.
Of the 205 decedents from old ag-e, 86 were males, and 119 were
females, or about 72 males to every 100 females.
Of the parentage of the 205, there were 135 of native and 70 of
foreign parentage, or 193 of native to every 100 of foreign.
The following Table will present the statistics of deaths in
Rhode Island from old age for thirty-three years :
ISDS.]
CAUSKS oi'' i»i:\'i'ii.
249
Table LXXXV.
MorliilUij ill the State from Old Af/c, JS('>i> to ISfiS, indusirc.
i
1
Q
o
u
1
SEX.
FABENTAOE.
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE.
YKARS.
to
1
i
"3
S
>
1
n
bo
2
■SB
a s
<o o
Mo
1
;z;o
9)
'■J
a»
I- o
cuo
O
B
'> ..•
ft.O
e
o
^ .
B. ^
•is
l8
5 years. 1800-1870
1871-1875
998
1.158
241
213
232
220
273
6.48
5.64
6.18
5.00
5.25
5.22
5.95
1
300
467
107
96
84
82
121
032
691
134
117
138
138
152
764
833
177
145
172
152
186
284
325
64
68 1
50
68
87
55
61
12
12
15
14
12
102
103
14
23
8
19
20
157
101
38
29
32
26
34
233
332
65
.57
76
69
90
207
348
71
63
61
67
73
134
153
1870.
41
1877
29
1878
30
1870
25
1880
44
1876-1880
1881
1,169
247
283
275
293
267
5.24
5.29
5.89
5.S2
5.68
4.95
490
101^
110
105
101
86
679
146
173
170
192
181
832
107
190
184
196
183
337
80
93
91
97
84
445
05
111
92
91
75
65
12
20
17
16
9
84
24
25
18
20
32
159
30
40
44
39
47
357
03
100
91
100
87
335
73
79
84
86
70
169
10
1882
13
1883
21
1884
26
1885 ...
22
1881-1885
1,365 5.27 1
503
101
103
108
75
72
862
175
175
182
152
126
920
181
167
198
136
123
74
16
17
16
10
16
119
24
19
20
23
19
200
36
29
25
33
19
483
100
109
124
73
59
391
73
76
64
71
63
92
1886
276
278
290
227
198
4.69
4.38
4.35
8.63
2.87
27
1887
1888
28
35
27
1890
22
1,269
185
256
las
187
197
3.97
2.80
3.46
2.44
2.61
2.61
459
83
95
72
60
82
810
102
161
111
127
115
805
121
168
113
109
105
464
64
88
70
78
92
75
18
9
8
12
17
111
16
24
10
21
17
132
26
29
19
23
16
465
65
91
83
64
87
347
41
71
93
51
51
139
1891
19
189','
32
1893
15
1894
16
189.5
9
1891-1895
1,008
206
2.78
2.74
392
84
51
80
2,898
616
122
108
119
4,639
1
616
112
96
185
5,113
392
94
63
70
2,424
64
8
7
9
418
94
23
9
11
656
113
13
6
30
977
340
89
69
79
2,497
806
57
57
56
2,164
91
1800
16
1897
159 2.24
11
1898
205
7,537
2.97
4.34
20
Total, 33 years..
825
♦ Not including Providence city.
350 forty-sixth registration" report. [1898.
Peritonitis.
There were 11 deaths which were caused by peritonitis during
1898.
This number represents .16 per cent, of all causes, and a propor-
tion of .03 to every 1,000 of the population.
Sex. — Of the 11 decedents from peritonitis there were 2 males
and 9 females, a proportion of 22 males to every 100 females.
Parentage. — There were 2 of native parentage and 9 of foreign,
or a ratio of 22 native to every 100 of foreign parentage.
Season. — The seasons do not as a rule have a notable influence
in regard to the mortality from peritonitis.
Pneumonia.
There were 542 decedents from pneumonia in 1898. The num-
ber is 93 less than in 1897.
This number represents 7.8 per cent, of all causes, and a pro-
portion of 1.3 to every 1,000 of the population.
Sex. — Of the 542 decedents from pneumonia, and including
congestion of the lungs, 299 were males and 243 were females ;
or about 81 females to every 100 males.
Parentage. — By parentage, there were 218 of native and 324 of
foreign parentage. The proportion of decedents from pneumonia
was about 67 of native to each 100 of foreign parentage.
Season. — There were 258, or about 47 per cent., of the deaths
that occurred during the first four months of the year. The
largest mortality by months was 83 in March and 83 in De-
cember.
Pneumonia, as a cause of death, has increased in the ratio to
whole number of deaths, during the last thirty-three years, from
an average of 6.3 per cent., during the first ten years, to an aver-
age of 8.8 per cent, during the last ten, including 1898.
The following Table presents, for each of the last thirty -three
years, the number and the percentage, with the sex and the par-
entage of the decedents from pneumonia, and the number in each
year, in each division of the State :
1808.J
CAUSES OF DEATfr,
X'51
Table LXXXYI.
Mortality in the State from Pneumonia, 1SG6 to 1898, incluaire.
YEARS.
5 years, 18GC-1870 928
1871-1875.
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1876-1880..
1881
1882
1883
1S84
1885
1881-1885.
ISSG.
1887.
1888.
1889.
1890.
1891
1892
1893
189-1
1895
1891-1895.
1896.
1897.
1898.
1,331
339
226
317
311
364
1,557
327
344
400
363
465
1886-1890... 2,529
1,899
481
488
508
483
569
568
6,55
776
665
685
3,349
669
635
542
6.0
6.5
8.2
5.1
7.1
7.4
7.9
7.0
6.5
7.2
7.8
7.1
8.6
8.2
7.7
7.T
7.7
8.2
8.5
10.4
9.1
Total, 33 years.. 13,439
9.2
8.9
8.9
7.8
7.7
467
164
104
143
148
180
461
664
175
122
174
163
184
739 818
177
178
192
167
214
928
232
260
274
255
150
166
208
196
251
1,309
270
335
412
344
340
971
249
228
234
228
281
298
320
364
321
PARENTAGE
556
162
127
176
163
177
805
190
163
198
192
271
372
548
177
99
141
148
187
1,014 885
752
137
181
202
171
194
234
227
227
213
247
1,220 i' 1,148
247
265
319
305
247
261
281
270
822
1,381
321
390
457
345 I 289 I 396
1,701 1,648 1,425
866
308
299 243
I
6,813 I 6,630
1,924
867
274
268
218
6,491 ! 6,948
DIVISIONS OP THE STATE.
99
25
8
462
Sx
287 407
166
40
57
42
47
49
125
37
89
29
29
385
97
81
110
103
92
483
81
61
108
125
151
662
163
98
140
156
192
164
70
52
49
46
25
556
161
142
171
169
206
749
174
176
204
172
227
849
183
216
232
224
243
953
209
227
219
208
246
1,109
232
277
392
276
292
235
242
1,098
1.469
45
39
268
256
88
86
254
251
89
41
198
241
816
856
4,373
6,097
69
97
27
16
28
15
20
106
22
21
14
26
19
102
28
40
36
22
35
161
26
35
43
54
48
206
43
36
15
835
* K.'cclusive of Providence city.
252
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table LXXXVII.
Exliihiting the Number of Decedents from Pneumonia, in each of the several Periods
of Life, during each of the last thirty -three years, from 1S66 to 189S, inclusive.
Periods
OF Lirs.
YEARS.
s
o
id
O
o
o
o
o
i
o
^ ■
o
o
O
o
o
o
o
-^-^
o
CO
o
00
o
a
•A
o
1866
57
57
70
64
84
71
83
105
76
130
116
79
115
102
95
103
71
88
103
121
111
133
103
120
161
126
139
176
169
172
220
194
202
4
9
4
11
6
7
5
4
9
9
5
2
9
8
18
4
3
15
14
9
10
15
20
14
7
10
10
35
19
16
20
14
11
4
2
3
1
5
2
1
8
4
3
4
4
1
3
2
4
2
5
10
7
5
3
10
4
9
8
9
9
7
10
4
5
3
3
2
4
7
7
3
6
8
3
7
10
3
16
5
14
13
11
8
19
7
15
20
12
11
10
17
18
20
17
17
9
13
10
15
11
6
10
17
10
17
22
20
15
14
14
14
15
22
32
23
23
33
32
49
37
46
42
89
49
47
49
33
33
23
10
11
8
12
7
17
20
14
17
30
20
15
17
27
33
22
36
33
34
29
35
43
48
36
55
54
69
68
56
56
55
46
39
14
13
16
9
8
16
19
16
25
35
32
34
38
36
37
36
49
40
34
50
50
51
61
51
55
60
75
96
67
77
56
58
40
21
16
18
28
14
16
22
17
21
89
35
27
20
35
46
45
33
53
33
49
58
56
62
57
55
70
74
115
73
66
71
58
58
25
25
19
25
20
35
24
24
40
61
48
22
42
38
47
48
41
49
53
76
74
64
70
77
79
84
110
102
78
94
88
73
66
33
13
27
16
19
17
19
33
27
43
39
24
45
38
43
31
46
46
37
59
55
53
54
47
54
70
71
70
77
77
66
75
54
9
13
13
11
8
19
11
10
8
28
17
9
13
19
12
36
21
27
23
29
30
28
21
31
33
37
44
50
52
49
40
57
36
1867
1
1868
1869
1870
1871
1
1
1872
1
1873
1874
1S75
2
1876
1877
2
1878
1879
1880
1881
1
1882
4
1883
2
1884
1885
4
2
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
2
1891
1892
5
1893
1894
1
1895
1896
1
1897
1898
Total, 38 years . . . .
3,804
346
160
330
823
1,072
1,304
1,454
1,816
1,467
883
30
IROS.] CATTSKS OF I)r:ATTI. 253
A(/e. — Of ihc. (lecctlent« from imcuiiioiiia, dmiiic;' the ])orio(I of
tliii'ty-tlireo yc.-irs, 28. 3 ])or ('(Mit. wore iiiidtu' 5 years of iv^o. Of
over tifty years of a,L;e tlie imuiber of decedents was 41.4 i)er cent,
of the whole number. Tho foHowing summary will present the
percentages for ISOS, in round numhers :
Under five years of age 28 per cent.
Five years and under twenty, and not stated G per cent.
Twenty years and under fifty 24 per cent.
Fifty years and over 42 per cent.
Scarlet Fever.
The number of deaths returned as having lieen caused by scarlet
fever, in 1898, was 21. The number is 8 less than in 1897.
This number represents .3 pev cent, of all causes, and a propor-
tion of .05 to every 1,000 of the population.
Sex. — Of the 21 decedents from scarlet fever, 10 were males and
11 were females, or 110 females to every 100 males.
I\irentaije. — There were 14 of native parentage and 7 of foreign,
a proportion of 50 of foreign parentage to every 100 of native.
The following Table will present the statistics of scarlet fever
for the last forty-three years, from 1850 to 1898, inclusive, the
number and percentage and sex of the decedents from scarlet
fever, and the number from scarlet fever in each division of the
State. It also shows, from 1800 to 1898, inclusive, the parentage
of the decedents from scarlet fever :
254
i'ORTy-SlXTH REGISTRATIOlSr REPORT.
[1 =
Table LXXXVIII.
Mortality in tlie State from Scarlet Fever, 1S56 to 1898, inclusim.
YEARS.
lOyrs., 1856-1865.
1866-1870.
1871-1875.
1876.
1877.
1878.
1879.
1880.
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1881-1885.
1886.
1887.
1888.
1890
1886-1890.
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1891-1895.
1896.......
1897
1898
Total, 43 years.
03
n
o
CD
a
a
o
1,440
5.2
496
3.2
1,053
5.1
80
1.9
62
1.4
86
1.9
311
7.4
468
10.0
1,007
4.5
138
3.0
45
0.9
34
0.6
94
1.8
91
1.7
405
1.6
88
1.5
266
4.2
207
3.1
51
0.8
16
0.2
628
2.0
33
0.5
67
0.9
193
2.6
123
1.7
107
1.4
523
1.4
53
0.7
29
0.4
21
0.3
5,655
2.8
700
231
503
34
26
41
164
215
480
79
24
17
39
195 210
46
120
101
24
11
30?
17
38
86
59
52
30
15
10
2,718
550
46
36
45
147
253
42
146
106
27
5
16
29
107
23
14
11
2,937
PARENTAGE.
<6
>
u
o
t
+
210
286
513
540
42
38
29
33
35
51
130
181
216
252
452
555
62
76
16
29
14
20
41
56
48
43
181
224
29
59
95
171
91
116
14
37
6
10
235
393
12
21
21
46
75
118
52
71
42
65
202
321
24
29
IS
16
14
7
1,844
2,371
DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
'E o
26
1
2
6
40
3
1
1
1
200
Mo
11 25
3
350
191
27
22
4
3
2
3
12
1
4
1
384
u o
414
142
21
21
14
37
143
236
41
7
9
28
24
109
41
80
87
14
2
224
9
20
68
55
37
189
9
10
13
634
236
35
12
57
255
243
602
45
18
16
57
30
154
80
25
8
297
17
38
97
56
271
33
12
4
2,797
* Exclusive of Providence city.
+ Records incomplete.
1898.]
CAUSKS OK DEATH.
255
Ciiour, DiriiTiiERiA, and Scarlet Fever.
SiViNon and Mortdlity.
The followino- Table is coutinucd, to show by coiuparisou the
influence of season in reg-ard to the mortality from croup and
scarlet fever for forty-five years, and diphtheria for forty-one
years. The Table will give the average monthly and quarterly
percentages of deaths from each cause :
Table LXXXIX.
MONTHS.
January
February
March
First Quarter. . .
April
May
June
Second (>uarter
July
August
September
Tliinl Quarter..
October
November
December
Fourth (Quarter
Total.s
CROUr.
1853-1898.
39T
349
287
231
164
139
534
107
89
185
381
331
411
433
3.153
12.59
11.07
9.10
32.76
7.33
5.20
4.41
16.94
3.39
2.83
5.87
13.08
10.50
13.99
18.73
38.22
100.00
DIPnTHEKIA. SCARLET FEVER.
1858-1898. 1853-1898.
J3 *
501
421
447
1,429
400
401
341
1,142
320
343
483
1,096
725
754
644
2,123
5.790
9.09
7.27
7.72
24.68
6.91
6.92
5.89
19.78
5.53
5.92
7.48
18.93
12.52
13.02
11.13
30.(17
100.00
704
633
2,112
544
563
484
1,591
365
801
318
984
437
534
690
l.tiCl
6,348
13.21
11.09
9.97
33.27
8.57
8.87
7.62
25.06
5.75
4.74
5.01
15.50
6.89
8.41
10.87
26.17
256 fokty-sixth eegistration report. [1898.
Suicide,
The number of deaths by suicide, in Rhode Island, during- 1898,
was 46, which is 5 more than in the preceding year.
There were 38 male and 8 female decedents from that cause, or
a proportion of nearly 5 males to every 1 of the females.
Of the 46, 20 were of native parentage and 26 of foreign.
The means of self-destruction, according to the returns, were
as follows :
By arsenic, 1 case ; by carbolic acid, 4 ; by cyanide of potassium,
2 ; by cutting throat, 2 ; by drowning, 8 ; by hanging, 9 ; by illum-
inating gas, 4 ; by jumping from window, 1 ; by laudanum, 1 ; by
" paris green," 3 ; by " rough on rats," 1 ; by shooting, 8 ; by strych-
nine, 1 ; by unknown poison, 1.
1808.]
CAU.SK8 OF DKATir.
257
Taule XC.
Mortality in the State from SuiQide, 1806 to 1898, inclimve.
89
18
22
21
13 I
10 1
84 j
I
23 i
31
25
22
20
121
17
16
21
24
19
Total, 33 years..
41
46
758
.56 I
.43 \
j
.46 j
.52 I
.50 I
..31 I
.20
.38
.49
.64
.47
.48
.37
.47
.29!
.25 i
.42
.38
.30
.61
.26
.38
.63
.41
.46
.51
.58
.67
.44
67
84
22
118
28
SS
587
28
22
10
8
8
171
PARENTAGE.
1
1
66
20
57
32
6
12
15
7
12
9
5
8
8
2
46
38
15
8
23
8
11
14
13
9
11
9
73
48
12
5
8
8
15
6
9
15
12
7
56
41
15
25
10
9
10
11
24
21
18
18
72
84
20
18
21
20
1 20
26
431
827
DIVISIONS OF THE STATE.
It
.22 3
Co
nu
P s
<o a
MO
28
^5
© o
13
20
26
8
30
10
6
7
5 i 14
5
14
2
5
4
68
oS"
84
48
5 10
5 12
5 7
5 7
6 2
38
14
12
8 15
6 11
3 6
25
58
4 ; 7
5| 7
6 I 9
7 10
^5
10
38
5
24
2
8
1
12
5
13
42
™ .
11
20
11
18
14 '
24
no
349
19 3
3
9
2
3
1
53
82
♦ Exclusive of I'rovidence city.
258 FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT. [1898.
WHOoriNG Cough.
The number of deaths from whooping cough, returned in 1898,
was 40 more than the number in 1897.
Of the 96 decedents from whooping cough, 37 were males and
59 were females.
There were 50 decedents of native parentage and 46 of foreign,
or a proportion of 109 of native to 100 of foreign.
Ninety-three of the decedents were under 5 years of age.
The following Table will present the mortality from whooping
cough, for thirty-three years, 1866-1898, inclusive, with the death
rate, sex, parentage, etc., of the decedents :
1898.
CAUSES OK DFATir.
25fl
Table XCI.
Mortality in the State from Whooping Cough, 18G5 to ISOS, inclunirr.
P
o
B
3
S5
s
o
.99
SKX.
PARENTAGE.
11
li
DIVISIONS OF THE
STATE
YEARS.
CD
"3
S
i
1
d
1
£5
/
a s
« o
14
0
a*
si
1 54
«>
<s
a
a
•0
63
a
0
"Sd .
ISO
5 years, 18CO-1870
153
1
■ 78
75
68
85
2
13
7
1871-1875
160
.78
65
95
64
96
4
11
13
56
78
3
187G
48
32
54
43
20
1.17
.72
1.22
.96
.41
19
18
26
17
10
29
14
38
26
10
20
6
30
22
7
85
28
26
24
' 21
13
5
3
1
1
1
2
7
15
9
12
6
31
■0
43
15
11
1
1
1877
1878
1
11
1 ,
1879
4
1880
1
5
15
1876-1880
197
.88
90
107
112
5
49
116
7
1881
68
1.36
33
35
30
38
2
2
24
40
1882
71
1.40
83
38
32
39
4
26
40
1
1883
9
43
.17'
.83
6
17
3
26
5
23
4
20
1
5
4
6
4
28
1884
2
2
1885
42
.79
23
19
24
18
i
'
4
9
24
4
1881-1885
233
.90
112
121
114
119
6
7
8
69
136
'
1886
49
1
.83
28
21
■ 17
82
4
8
18
28
10
28
43
]
1887
21
44
.32 .
.75
9
17
12
27
10
16
11
28 '■
4
2
6
11
1
1888
3
1889
77
1.23 '
39
38
36
41
1
12
7
SO
1890
70
1.00
25
45
25
45
2
«
27
30
2
261
82 i
118
143
104
157
7
20
14 1
3 1
3
4'
15 1
82
134
54
4
1
1891
77
1.16
39
38
37
40
3
1
15
1892
25
.34
10
15
14
11
1
12
9
1893
23 '
.31
n
15
9
14
1
9
88
2
4
1894
129 :
1.80
52
77
62
67
3
19
55
1895
45
.60
19
26
13
82 1
8
2!
7
27
1
1891-1895
299
.84
128
171
135
164
7
29
4
8
2
109
27
7
n
4
76
16
152
24
17
8
6
5
1896
59
1
.79
25
34
24
85
2
1897
56
.79
27
29
26
80 1
1
5
14
1898
96
1.39 I
87
59
50
46
24
57
Total, 83 years..
1
1,514
1
1
.87 i
680
834
670
844
1
39
103
440
772
51
• Exclusive of Providence city.
260
-^FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
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CAUSES OF DEATH.
261
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262
T'ORTY-Sr^iTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table XCIII.— BIETHS.
Occupations of the Fathers. — 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
Actors
Agents and Canvassers
Architects
Army Officers
Artesian "Well Sinkers
Artists
Assayers and Analytical Chemists
Baggage Masters
Bakers
Bankers and Brokers
Bank Officers
Barbers
Bartenders
Base Ball Players
Belt Makers
Bobbin
Boiler
Bolt
Box
Brick
Brush
Cabinet
Cap
Carriage, and Trimmers
Cigar
Clock and Watch
Comb
Core
Film
Harness and Saddle
Hoop
Mattress
Pattern
Reed and Harness ■
3
18
6
1
1
3
6
5
83
18
3
110
29
1
3
4
27
6
10
7
4
30
1
OCCUPATIONS.
Sail Makers
Sash and Blind
Screw
Soap
Shoe
Shuttle
Spectacle
Spindle
Tool
Wringer
Blacksmiths
Bleachers and Fullers
Boat Builders
Boatmen
Bookbinders
Bookkeepers
Bootblacks
Bottlers
Brakemen
Brewers
Brick and Stone Layers. . .
Butchers and Marketmen.
Butlers
Cab Drivers and Hackmen
Calenderers
Carders
Card Grinders
Carpenters
Chasers
Civil Engineers
Clergymen
Clerks and Salesmen
Clothiers
Coachmen
1898.
IIIKTIIS.
203
Tahle XCIII.— Continued.
Coal and Wood Bealers
Dry Goods
Fisli and Oyster
Furniture
Grain
Granite
Hardware
loe
Junk
Leatlier
Liquor
Lumber
Mineral Water
News
Paper
Provision
Shoe
Collectors
Commercial Travelers
Compositors
Concreters
Conductors and Motormen.. .
Confectioners
Contractors and Builders
Cooks and Caterers
Coopers —
Coppersmiths
Cutters
Cutters (Velvet)
Decorators
Dentists
1 )esiKuers
Die Cutters
Die Sinkers
Draughtsmen
Drivers
I>ruf,'gisls and Apothecaries .
Dyers ,
2
6
9
12
84
7
3
G2
20
27
84
5
2
2
5
5
18
5
2
4
14
46
22
59
Electricians 43
Electrotypists 1
Elevatormen 4
Enamelers 3
Engineers and Firemen 186
Engravers 21
Expressmen 36
Farmers 334
File Cutters 42
File Forgers 8
Finishers 11
Brass 6
Fire Company Members 14
Fishermen and Oystermen 43
Fish Culturists l
Florists I 7
Folders I 14
Foundrymen 2
Fruiterers 15
Furriers 1
Gardeners 51
Gas Fitters 5
Glass Workers 1
Grocers 124
Grooms 1
Hatters 1
Heaters i 3
Horse Dealers 4
Horse Trainers 1
Hostlers 55
Hotel and Inn Keepers 1
Saloon and Restaurant 37
Icemen 8
Inspectors 20
Interpreters 1
Insurance Agents 40
Real Estate t
Inventors 1
264
FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATION REPORT.
Table XCIII. — Continued.
[1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
Iron Rollers and Workers
Janitors
Jewelers
Journalists (Editors and Reporters) . .
Journeymen
Knitters
Laborers
Lamplighters
Lathers
Laundrymen
Lawyers
Linemen
Longshoremen
Loom Fixers
Machinists
Mail Carriers
Managers
Manufacturers
Mariners
Masons
Mechanics
Melters
Merchants
Messengers
Milkmen
Millwrights
Moulders
Musicians
Nurses
Operatives
Opticians
Painters
Carriage
Paper Hangers
Pavers
Pearl Workers
Peddlers
Photographers and Lithographers —
13
34
186
9
15
4
1,573
6
3
8
16
11
27
455
13
16
27
9
111
44
3
103
5
20
2
105
13
1
,201
1
206
7
5
4
9
138
13
OCCUPATIONS.
Physicians
Piano Movers
Pilots
Plasterers and Stucco Workers
Platers
Electro ...
Gold
Plumbers
Polishers
Gold
Silver
Polo Players
Pork and Meat Cutters and Pork Packers
Porters
Postmasters
Pressmen
Printers
Proofreaders
Property Men •.
Public Officers
Publishers
Railroad Officials
Employees
Refiners
Gold.,
Riggers
Roll Coverers
Roofers
Rubber Workers
Sailors
Sculptors
Sea Captains and Ship Masters
Secretaries
Servants
Sextons :
Sheriffs, Constables, and Policemen —
Ship Carpenters
Showmen
1898.]
I )i; AT IIS,
2G5
Table XCIII.— Continued.
OCCUPATIONS.
Silversmiths
Slaters
Soldiers
Stable Keepers
Stampers
Stair Huildcrs
Station Agents
Steam I'ipcrs
Stenographers
Stereotypcrs
Stevedores
Stewards
Stone Cutters and Marble Workers
Store Keepers
Stove Fitters and Mounters
Students
Surveyors, Highway
Superintendents and Overseers
Switchmen
Tailors
Tanners and t 'urriers
57
3
2.3
6
5
1
3
15
1
2
3
1
23
4
1
1
106
14
OCCUPATIONS.
Taxidermists
Teachers and Professors
Teamsters
Telephone and Telegraph Operators.
Tinsmiths
Tobacconists
Treasurers
Type Setters
Type Writers
Undertakers
Upholsterers
Valets
Veterinary Surgeons
Waiters
Watchmen
Wheelwrights
WMre Workers
Wood Finishers
Wood Turners
Wool Sorters
1
3r>
81. S
2
30
1
5
3
2
12
22
2
4
16
34
12
9
14
13
33
266
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
Table XCIV.— MAEEIAGES.
Occupations of the Grooms. — 1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
Actors
Agents and Canvassers
Architects
Artists
Baggage Masters
Baliers
Bankei's and Brokers
Bank Officers
Barbers
Bartenders
Belt Makers
Bobbin
Boiler
Bolt
Box
Brick ,
Cabinet
CaiTiage, and Trimmers
Cigar
Clock and Watch
Core
File
Harness and Saddle
Hat
Paper
Pattern
Reed
Sail
Shoe
Soap
Spectacle
Spindle ,
Spool
Tool
^. i
s
OCCUPATIONS.
u
a
6
14
1
3
3
31
4
5
35
14
1
5
^
2
6
3
9
7
3
4
1
8
3
1
1
3
1
1
9
1
1
1
S
14
Wringer Makers
2
48
Bleachers and Fullers
9
4
Bookbinders
3
43
Bootblacks
1
Bottlers
4
Brakemen
8
Brass Workers
1
Brewers
2
Brick and Stone Layers
Building Movers
5
1
24
Butlers
1
Cab Drivers and Hackmen
Calenderers
2
1
Carders ■.
7
1
Carpenters
117
Chasers
4
4
Civil Engineers
2
11
Clerks and Salesmen
358
4
28
2
1
5
Furniture
2
4
1
1
ISflS.]
^r Ai;ur.\f;F,s.
Table XCIV.— Continued.
267
0C< ri'ATIONS.
.Funk Dealers
Leather
Liquor
News
Jfonument
Paint and Varnisli
Piano
Provision
Shoe
Collectors
Commercial Travelers
Compositors
Conductors and Motormen..
Confectioners
Contractors and Builders. . .
Cooks and Caterers
Coopers
Coppersmiths
Cutters
Decorators
Dentists
Designers
Die Sinkers
Draughtsmen
Drivers
Druggists and Apothecaries
Dyers
Electricians
Elevatormen
Enamelers
Engineers and Firemen
Engravers
Etymologists
Expressmen
Farmers
File Cutters
File Forgers
Finishers
Number.
1
2 ,
1 ;i
6
OC<'L I'ATIONS,
4
1
1
1
5
5
16
3
32
4
8
16
1
2
2
2
5
4
1
8
19
22
29
7
2
4
1
4
165
8
1
8
Finishers, Brass T)
Fishermen and Oystermen 13
Fire Company Members 2
Flagmen, Kailroad 1
Florists 7
Folders a
Foundrymen 6
Fruiterers 4
Gardeners 22
Gilders i
Grocers 25
Hatters i
Horse Trainers 1
Hostlers 30
Hotel and Inn Keepers I 7
Saloon and Restaurant , 0
Icemen l
Inspectors j 7
Insurance Agents I 16
Real Estate i 3
Iron Workers , 2
Janitors j 15
Jewelers 88
Jobbers i
Journalists (Editors and Reporters) : 5
Knitters i g
Laborers j 349
Lathers | 3
Laundrymen j 6
Lawyers : 12
Life Saving Service Men i
Linemen lo
Longshoremen .■)
Loom Fixers ! 11
Lumliermen l
Machinists 1.S7
Mail Carriers ; 6
Managers I 11
268
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
Table XCIY.— Continued.
[1898.
OCCUPATIONS.
Manufacturers
Mariners
Masons
Mechanics
Merchants
Milkmen
Millers
Moulders • • • •
Musicians
Nurses ,
Operatives
Opticians
Organists
Painters and Glaziers
Painters, Carriage,
Paper Hangers
Pavers
Paymasters
Pearl Workers
Peddlers
Photographers and Lithographers. . .
Physicians
Piano Movers
Tuners
Planters
Plasterers and Stucco Workers
Plumbers
Polishers
Pork and Meat Cutters and Pork Packers
Porters
Postmasters
Pressmen
Printers
Public Officers
Railroad Employees
Refiners, Gold . . ,
Roll Coverers
OCCUPATIONS.
Roofers
Rubber Workers
Sailors
Sea Captains and Ship Masters
Servants
Sextons
Sheriffs, Constables, and Policemen
Silversmiths
Soldiers
Stable Keepers
Stair Builders
Stampers
Station Agents
Stationers
Steam Eipers
Stereotypers
Stevedores
Stewards
Stone Cutters and Marble Workers.
Store Keepers
Students
Superintendents and Overseers
Switchmen and Gatemen
Tailors
Tanners and Curriers
Teachers and Professors
Teamsters
Tinsmiths
Trout Culturists
Undertakers
Upholsterers
Waiters ,
Watchmen
Wheelwrights
Wire Workers
Wood Turners
Wool Sorters
1898.]
DEATHS, BY OCCUPATION'.
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272
FORTY-SIXTH REGISTRATION REPORT.
[1898.
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DKATHS, HY OCCl'l'ATIOX.
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1898.]
CAUSES OF DEATH.
375
1
.
--
-
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1 1
ttr
1 '
1 1 1 1
1 «
'■ c
a (=
o -
I'neumonla
tjholera inlanlum
Apoplexy and Paralysis
Brajn, Diseases ol
Accidents
\ \ \ i ■ i '
^ ; i 5 ; i ;
a ■ • 50 .2 «
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i s 5 1 1 n 1
1 S 5 S s 3 1 S
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1 i
1.
s
i
THE RETURNS OE THE MEDICAL EXAMINERS.
The number of deaths investigated by the medical examiners
during the year 1898 was 383. These deaths resulted from sudden,
suspicious, unknown, and violent causes. Of this number 21)G, or
77.3 per cent., were males ; and 87, or 22.7 per cent., were females.
HoMicroE. — The number of deaths from homicide was 12, or 3.1
per cent, of the whole number investigated. Of the 12 cases from
homicide, 5 were by violence to head, 2 by pistol shot wound of
heart, 1 by pistol shot wound of intestines, 1 by stab wound of
thorax, 1 by broken neck (body found in water), 1 drowning, caused
by being pushed oft' pier. In three cases the assailants were
brought to trial, convicted, and sentenced. In 1 case the jury
disagreed twice and the case is still on tile. In 2 cases it was
called "justitiable homicide," as the shooting in each case was
found to have been done in self-defense.
SuicroE. — The number of deaths by suicide reported by the
medical examiners in 1898 was 41, or 10.7 per cent, of the whole
number examined. Death was caused as follows : By drowning,
8 ; shooting, 6 ; hanging, 7 ; illuminating gas, 3 ; arsenic, 1 ; car-
bolic acid, 3; cyanide of potassium, 2 ; Paris green, 2; "Kough
on Eats," 1; strychnine, 1; poison unknown, 2; cutting throat, 2;
jumping from window, 1 ; by throwing self in front of engine, 1.
Accidents. — The returns of the medical examiners shoAv 203
deaths from accidents, specitied as follows : Asphyxia, 17 ;
*bicycle, 5; burns and scalds, 11; drowning, 57; electric car, 5 ;
^elevator, 4 ; exposure to cold and storm, 4 ; falls, 26 ; fire-arms, 3 ;
lightning, 1 ; machinery, G ; poison, 8 ; railroad, 28 ; shock from elec-
tric light ciirrent, 1 ; vehicular, G; insolation, 10 ; 1 each by fall of
boiler in brewery, injury to head during drunken row, crashed by
falling grindstone, struck by falling tree, crushed between car iuid
post (a coal wharf casualty), hit by derrick bt)om (fractured skull),
kicked by a hoi-se, injured (ruptured bladder) while playing foot-
ball, injured while trying to stop runaway horse, hangoil while in
play ; and 1 unknown accident.
* See page 1!12 of this report.
278 FORTY-SIXTH EEGISTRATIOK KEPORT. [1898.
Asphyxia, 17. — Eight (infants) by becl-clotlies and overlaying" ;
1 by caving of sewer trench ; 2 by food in larynx ; 3 by illumina-
ting gas; 2 by smoke in burning building; 1 (infant), cause
unknown.
Burns and Scalds, 11. — In burning building, 4 ; by clothes taking
fire from stove, 1 ; by explosion of lamp, 1 ; by explosion of kero-
sene stove, 1 ; from a dump fire, 1 ; upset dish of hot water, 1 ;
playing with matches, 2.
Drowning, 57. — Twelve were bathing or swimming; 9 were
drowned by capsizing of boats ; 4 fell overboard from small boats ;
1 was drowned while swimming horse in bay ; 1 fell into water
from railroad bridge ; 1 from oyster boat ; 1 from raft ; 1 from
steamer ; 3 fell into water while playing on edge ; 1 while riding
a bicycle on scow was precipitated into water ; 1 through ice ; 1 fell
into uncovered cistern ; 1 (child) in bath-tub which mother used as
a wash-tub ; 20 were found in water, circumstances of the drowning
unknown.
Electric Car, 5. — ^By falling from car, 1 ; run over while rolling
hoop across track, 1 ; struck by cars while walking on, or crossing,
tracks, 3.
Falls, 26. — From building, 1 ; from ladder or staging, 3 ; down-
stairs, 11 ; from embankment, 1 ; from horse, 1 ; from tree, 1 ; from
load of hay, 1 ; on ice, 1 ; from window, 3 ; on floor or ground, 3.
Poison, 8. — By ammonia, 1 ; overdose of chloral hydrate, 1 '
corrosive sublimate, 2 ; overdose of morphine, 2 ; muriate of zinc,
1 ; turpentine, 1.
Machinery, 6. — The ages of the victims of machinery accidents
were 24, 38, 48, 58, 58, and 62 years.
The following cases are deemed worthy of special mention :
Accidental Drowning.— A young man was riding a bicycle on a
scow in the Pawcatuck river, no one being on the scow but him-
self. He evidently struck the coaming of the scow, and both he
and the bicycle were precipitated into the water. His cry was
heard by comrades on the dredger close by, but they were unable
to recover body until life was extinct.
Accidental Hanging. — Deceased (a boy 16 years old) had been
alone with his mother during the afternoon, engaged in playing
games. Mother retired to an adjacent room to do machine sewing.
Soon after coming out into the kitchen, found son with a rolled
sheet about his neck, and sportive in his manner. Mother said
she laughed at him, and returned to her work. Coming out again
1898.]
RETURNS OF MKDK'AI, KXA MIXF.US.
2V.i
soon, she found deceased suspended from an open door, l»y pait
of !i clotlios line.
The whole number of deaths by aec'ideid in the State; (birinj^
18t)8 was 25)(), showing that there were 93 deaths by accident where
no medical examiner was called. In these cases a i)hysician had
been in attendance and had reported the cause of death. In
many instances the death was not immediate.
The division of these 290 deaths by accident was as follows:
(See pages 20 and 21 of this report) Asphyxia, 19; bicycle, 4;
burns and scalds, 21 ; drowning, GO ; electric car, 7 ; elevator, 4 ;
exposure, 7 ; falls, 58 ; fire-arms, 9 ; insolation, 23 ; lightning, 1 ;
machinery, 5 ; poison, 11 ; railroad, 30 ; other and various, 37. (See
page 193 of this report).)
A comparison of these figures with the cases of accidents which
are viewed by the medical examiners will show the cases which
are more open to suspicion of avoidable violence. The ditference
(32) is more marked under the cause of "falls."
Under sudden deaths which were investigated by medical
examiners, were as follows : Alcholism, 15 ; apoplexy and cerebral
hemorrhage, 10 ; bronchitis, 1 ; childbirth, 2 (includes 1 puerperal
septica'mia) ; cholera infantum, 2 ; convulsions (infantile), 1 ; de-
bility from malnutrition, 1 (adult) ; debilitj^ (infantile) from mal-
nutrition and neglect, 7 ; heart disease, 39 ; hydrocephalus, 1 ;
indigestion (infantile), 4 ; influenza, 1 ; malaria, 1 ; measles, 1 ;
meningitis, 5 ; cerebro-spinal meningitis, 1 ; chronic nephritis, 3;
(fdema of lungs, 1 ; old age, 4; pneumonia, 8 ; premature l)irth, ] ;
pulmonary hemorrhage, 1 ; pulmonary tuberculosis, 5 ; whooping
cough, 1 ; unknown natural causes, 6; still-born, 5.
Nuviher and Per cent, of Each Group of Cases Viewed by Medical Examiners —
1804-1S9S.
1
YEARS.
1
Homicide.
1 '
Suicide.
Accident
or
Negligence.
Number.
Per cent.
Q
a
a
a
C
<u
a
o
15
1
(Li
1894
9
6
12
12
3.1
1.7
0.3
3.4
3.1
45
31
27
32
41
15.6
8.5
8.8
9.2
10.7
141
223
157
203
49.0
61.4 I
54.3
45.1
68.0 1
1
1895
1896
1897
1898
Natural and
I'nknowu Causes.
Includiug Alcoliul-
ism.
93
1U3
121
147
127
«
32.3
28.4
37.1
42.3
38.2
288
363
326
348
APPENDIX A.
NOMENCLATURE OF DISEASES,
OB
CAUSES OF DEATH.
XAMKS OF CAUSES Ol DKATII.
It should be stated that the nomenclature of diseases in the nos-
olog-ical arrangement on the following- pages is not intended to
include the names of the whole list of morbid phenomena aflect-
ing the human organism, but the names of such only as are directly
the cause of death, or such as ordinarily predispose to or set in
motion the morbid processes that end in death.
The classiticatiou which has appeared in the previous issues of
this report, and which was the result of a report of the committee
of the Royal College of Physicians of England, has been modified
to accord with the changes which have taken place in our knowl-
edge of the pathological causation of diseases since that classifi-
cation was made.
The changes which have been made apply more especially to
Group One, the title of which has been changed from Miasmatic
to Communicable, and has absorbed all of Group Two, which was
known as the Euthetic group. This included glanders, gonor-
rli(va, hydrophobia, malignant pustule, septicaemia, and sj'philis,
all of which are at the present day considered as communicable
diseases, and probably dependent upon a morbific entity which in
some of these diseases has been demonstrated.
In Group Two delirium tremens has been dropped to the sup-
plementary list, being but a symptom or a result of the condition
of alcholism, which, while not strictly correct, is j^et more com-
prehensive in covering this class of causations.
Apth;c, worms, and other parasites should be classed as commu-
nicable, the parasites being of a higher order than those produc-
ing diphtheria and cholera, and are dropped from this class.
As dropsy is a result or symptom rather than an immediate
cause of death it has been left out.
Gangrene, occurring in old age, has been transferred to the
group Developmental Diseases of Old Age. Other conditions
where gangrene is found have been traced satisfactorily to trau-
matisms, or diseases of the circulatorj'^ system.
In Class III, in the group of diseases of the Nervous System,
cephalitis has been dropped as being obsolete. Convulsions has
been transferred to the grou]) of D«nel<~)])mental Diseases of Cliil-
284 APPEITDIX.
dren, all siicli deaths having- been found to be within these age
periods.
From the group of the Respiratory System pneumonia has been
transferred to the list of Communicable diseases.
In Group Four, of the Digestive System, appendicitis has been
introduced as being a sufficiently distinct and frequent disease,
and concerning which statisticians will desire information as to
the mortality therefrom. Peritonitis, being a sequel of a traumatic
or a septic condition, is usually traceable to a primary cause if
inquired into. AVhen no specific cause is obtainable it is jjlaced
under causes ill-defined. Ascites, being a secondary cause, is rel-
egated to causes ill-defined, unless the original cause of the ascites
can be ascertained. Hernia is retained in this group, rather than
in the group of Accidents and Negligence. Other new^diseases
which are introduced into this group as being now more specifi-
cally diagnosticated, are obstruction of the bowels, colitis, entero
colitis, diarrhoea, dysentery, gastro enteritis, and gallstones — which
is retained for want of a more definite term which shall express
the conditions causing the formation of the gallstones — and acute
gastritis.
Under diseases of the Urinary System, the word nephria is
omitted, the term Bright's Disease being retained in the absence
of the ability or practicability of the ordinary diagnostician to
be able to distinguish the difi^erent forms of nephritis, or blood
changes or other causes giving rise to the presence of albumen in
the urine. Diabetes is divided into the two forms of mellitus and
insipidus. While perhaps belonging to the group of nervous dis-
eases, yet it is not j^et sufficiently well explained to prove in
which group it might be placed, and custom in this case is allowed
to prevail. Diseases of the testicles has been omitted as it has,
by experience in this department, been found to be dependent
upon some pathological change, such as neoplastic formations or
traumatic or septic conditions, and the primary cause usually finds
its way into these groups. Ursemia is placed in the primary group
as being expressive of the direct location of the disease, although
not being specific as to the causation.
Under diseases of the Generative System we are at the present
day able to specify more accurately the condition present, owing
to the increased knowledge required of the gynecolog"ist. Ovarian
dropsy is therefore dropped, and ovarian tumor, diseases of the
uterus, and pyosalpinx are submitted as subdivisions. This group
will probably be enlarged as physicians become better educated
in specific diagnosis in this special department.
As still-births are classified by themselves they are removed
from the group of Developmental Diseases of Children. To this
AIM'KNIIIX. 280
i^^ioup has been added atelectasis puliuonuin, also cholera infan-
tum. Convulsions is allowed to remain. Althono-h every eftortis
made to ascertain the cause of this symptom, and it is freciuently
dependent upon intestinal distiirbances as Avell as nervous derang-e-
ments, yet it is impossible for the physician to ascertain the pro-
vokinsr cause. As it is not sufficiently "ill-defined" to be rele-
q-atod to that g-roup, being- a disease of childhood, it is [)lacod in
this group.
Under Developmental Diseases of Women the various sulxli-
visions of the causes of death in childbirth have been g-iven and an
eflbrt made to obtain these special causes rather than let them
remain as simply " childbirth."
Diseases of Nutrition are omitted, as atrophy or debility is
found to be either in the group of old age, or diseases of infants,
or caused by some disease which can be ascertained. If the cause
is not evident to the phj'sician, it is evidently a cause unknown,
and should be classed as such.
Under the group Accident or Negligence, the term fractures or
contusions is omitted, as it is ascertained in every case what
caused these injuries. The results of the injuries are treated of
as supplemental, as is also the instrument causing the injury, or
the form of poison, or the method of drowning, etc. The division
Various is sulnlivided into more specific causes, and introduces
into this group electric car accidents, falls, tire-arms, machinery,
overdose of medicine, railroad, and " otherwise."
Under Causes lU-detiued, and which are invariably inquired
into for more satisfactory information, there are a large number
which maj^ be found in the supplementary list. Blood poisoning
is due usually to some known traumatic or infectious cause, as is
septicaemia. "When not known it is ill-detined. The cause of
coma should be given if known, as it may be from cerebral hem-
orrhage or from uni'mia. Convulsions, not infantile, are usually
due to some traceable cause. Ascites, colic, dropsy, exhaiistiou,
and inflammation are symptoms and not causes. Debility and
asthenia not infantile and not senile, can usually be traced to
some definite change in the system, otherwise it is ill-detined. It
has been customary heretofore for physicians to give as a cause
of death " heart failure," meaning that the heart ceased its action
or that the cause was a natiiral one not accom})anied by violence.
It is generallj' admitted that this is unsatisfactory, and with this
compilation, when the cause of the heart failure cannot be ob-
tained, it is classed as ill-detined. "While peritonitis may be idio-
pathic, in most instances a cause of the iieritt)nitis has been ascer-
tainable; it has been classed as ill-detined if no cause is known.
Shock, when occurring as surgical shiu-k, being usually the result
286
APPENDIX.
of accident or surgical operation, is classed under these groups.
When no accompanying cause is given, as might be the case from
fright, or sudden joy, the cause is usually due to some abnormality
of the nervous system or disease of the heart, and in the absence
of the specific cause must be placed under ill-defined. When
given as a single cause in cases of cerebral hemorrhage or apo-
plexy, the latter cause can be ascertained by inquiry, and proves
to be the cause in most instances. The following list comprises
those causes, which have been returned and, not being sufficiently
definite, have led to inquiry from the physician in attendance.
The only causes which cannot be more explicitly defined, and are
sufficient as primary causes, are appendicitis and hernia. In these
two instances inquiry is made as to whether an operation was per-
formed for relief of the condition. In acute gastritis it is desira-
ble to ascertain if the condition was due to the ingestion of some
irritant, as alcohol, poison, or is the result of indigestion. More
specific cause is asked for in childbirth, miscarriage, premature
birth, and still-birth, in order to determine in as many cases as pos-
sible what was the condition of the mother or the complication in
confinement which has led up to the result which is the cause of
the death of the child. By spinal disease is sometimes meant dis-
ease of the spinal cord, in other cases diseases of the spinal col-
umn, and calls for inquiry.
Abscess,
Accident,
Appendicitis,
Ascites,
Asphyxia,
Asthenia.
Blood Poisoning,
Bowels, perforation of,
Burns,
Brain, concussion of.
Brain trouble.
Brain fever,
Cancer,
Carbuncle,
Childbirth,
Colic.
Convulsions,
Coma,
Croup,
Debility,
Dentition,
Diabetes,
Dropsy,
Drowning,
Eclampsia,
Erysipelas,
Exhaustion,
Fever,
Fistula,
Fractures,
Gangrene,
Gastritis, Acute,
Heart failure.
Heart trouble.
Heart, paralysis of,
Hernia,
Haemorrhage,
Homicide,
Inflammation,
Laryngeal obstruction.
Lungs, ffidema of.
Malformation,
Marasmus,
Miscarriage,
Mortification,
Natural causes,
Necrosis,
Peritonitis,
Poisoning,
Premature Birth,
Scalds,
Septicemia,
Shock,
Spasms,
Spinal Disease,
Stillborn.
Strangulation,
Suffocation,
Suicide,
Tumor,
Wounds.
-XOMKNCLATUUE OF CAISKS OF DFATII
CLASSES.
I. General Diseases. — A. specific and febrile. {Zymotic.)
II. General Diseases, — B. cachetic. {Constitutional.)
III. General Diseases. — A. functional or organic. {Local.)
IV. Special Diseases. — B. developmental. {Developmental^
V. Violence. — C. from injuries, etc. ( Violent.)
SUB GROUPS OR ORDZRS.
CLASS I. Zymotic Diseases.
Group one, Communicable. Group tavo, Dietic.
CLASS II.— Constitutional Diseases.
Group one, Diathetic.
CLASS III.— Local Diseases.
Group one, Diseases of the Nervous System. Group two,
Organs of Circulation. Group three, Organs of Respira-
tion. Group four, Organs of Digestion. Group five. Urinary
Organs. Group six, Reproductive Organs. Group seven. Os-
seous and Locomotory Organs. Group eight. Integumentary
System.
CLASS IV. — Developmental Diseases.
Group one. Of Children. Group two. Of Women. Group
THREE, Of Old Age.
CLASS V— Deaths by Violence.
Group one, Accidents and Negligence. Group two. Homi-
cide. Group three, Suicide.
288
APPElSfDlX.
STATISTICAL NOSOLOGY.
CLASS L— Zymotic Diseases.
TABU -AR LIST.
For Table IX of the Registration Rejiort.
Geoup
I. One.— 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
10.
11.
13.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19,
30.
21.
33.
23.
24.
25.
26.
37.
28.
One. — Communicable.
Varicella
Measles
Scarlet Fever *.
Diphtheria
Small-Pox
Tonsilitis
Carbuncle
Erysipelas
Fever, Puerperal
Malignant Pustule
Meningitis, Cerebro Spinal.
Tetanus
Fever, Malarial. ....
Fever, Typhoid
Influenza
Parotitis
Pertussis
Pneumonia
Gonorrhoea
Syphilis
Hydrocephalus
Scrofula
Tabes Mesent erica
Tubercular Laryngitis
Tubercular Meningitis
Tubercular Peritonitis
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary . . .
Tuberculosis, General
Group Two. — Dietic.
I. Tvvo.^l. Alcoholism
2. Inanition
3. Purpura and Scurvy . .
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST.
Synonyms or Related Diseases.
Group One. — Communi-
cable.
I. One.— 1. Chicken-Pox.
Miliaria.
Roseola.
2. Rotheln.
3. Scarlet Fever.
4. Membranous Croup.
6. Quinsy.
7. Anthrax.
Gangrenous Boil.
8. Hospital Gangrene.
Pyemia.
Laryngismus.
Lockjaw.
Trismus Nasoentium.
Mumps.
Whooping Cough.
Congestion of Lungs.
Stricture of Urethra.
Gonorrhosal Opthalmia.
Psoas (Lumbar) Abscess.
Goitre.
Adenitis.
Lymphangitis.
Morbus Coxarius.
Pott's Disease.
Hemoptysis.
12.
16.
17.
18.
19.
22.
27.
Group Two. — Dietic.
I. Two.— 1. Delirium Tremens.
Intemperance.
CLASS IL— Constitutional Diseases.
Group One. — Diathetic.
II. One. — 1. Anaemia
2. Cancer, Abdomen. . . . ,
3. Cancer, Breast
4. Cancer, Face
5. Cancer, Liver ,
6. Cancer, Rectum ,
7. Cancer, Stomach
8. Cancer, Uterus
9. Cancer, Various
10. Rheumatism
Group One. — Diathetic.
II. One.— 1. Leuoothythasmia.
Chlorosis.
10. Rheumatic Carditis.
Rheumatic Synovitis.
Gout.
Al'l'KNDlX.
289
CAUSES OF DEATH,
CLASS III.— Local Diseases.
TABULAR LIST.
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST.
Gitori' Om:,
III.
One — 1.
— Nervous System.
Apoplexy and Panilvsis.
Ccrcl)ntis
Cboit'ii
Epik'psy
Insanity
Meningitis
Meningitis, Spin;;!
Brain Diseases*
Nerve Diseases*
III. Ont-.-i.
Gnorr Two. — Circulatory System.
III. Two. — 1.
Aneurism
Ill Two r
o
Angina Pectoris
Endocarditis
1
4.
5.
Peiicurditis
Phlebitis
Sclerosis
!
1 .
Group Thkee-
III. Three.— 1.
Heart Diseases*
—Respiratory System.
Asthma
III. Three.-l.
3.
3.
4.
Bronchitis, Acute
Bronchitis, Chronic
Croup
Laryngitis
4.
6.
a.
7.
Gitori'Foui
III. Four.— 1.
2.
3.
Pleurisy
Lung Diseases*
;. — Digestive System.
Appendicitis
Bowels. Obstruction of..
Bowel Diseases*
, III. Four. -2.
4.
0
r,.
Colitis
Colitis, Entero
Diarrha'a
12.
15.
( .
9.
10.
11.
Dysentery
Enteritis
Enteritis, Gastro
Fistula
Gall Stones
IC.
17.
21.
12.
Gastritis
18.
14.
15.
1H.
17.
IN.
19.
Gastritis, Acute
Hepatitis
Hernia
Intestines, Stricture of., i
Inlestines, Ulceration of.
Intussusception
Jaundice
20.
21.
Liver, Cirrhosis of
Liver Diseases*
22.
28.
24.
Spleen Diseases*
Stomach, Ulceration of..
Stomach Diseases*
Cerebral Hemorrhage.
I-ocomotor Ataxia.
1'are.si.s.
Deiueiitia.
Mania.
Monoiiiaiiia.
Melanihoiia.
Xciirastliciiia.
lMsea.se of .'spinal CorcL
Ilysteria.
Nervous Prostration.
Neuritis.
Myelitis.
Pleurodynia.
Hypertrophy.
\'alvular Disease.
Embolism.
Tlirombosis.
Emphysema.
(Edema Glottidis.
Empyema.
Constipation.
Illeus.
Obstipation.
Stomatitis,
(Esophasritis.
Femoral.
Inguinal.
I'mbilieal.
^"elltral.
Strieture of (Esopha-
fTUS.
Perforation of —
Dyspepsia,
(iastralsia.
Iliematemesis.
♦ Not otherwise placed.
290
APPENDIX.
STATISTICAL NOSOLOGY.
CLASS III.— Local Diseases. — Continued.
TABULAR LIST.
Group Fiye. — Urinary System.
III. Five. — 1. Bladder Diseases.*
2. Calculus
3. Cystitis
4. Diabetes
5. Diabetes, Mellitus
6. Ischuria
7. Kidney Diseases*
8. Kidney, Bright's Dis. of.
9. Nephritis
10. Nephritis, Chronic
11. Prostate Disease
12. Uraemia
Geoup Six. — Generative System.
III. Six.
FEMALE.
1. Ovarian Diseases*.
2. Ovarian Tumor. . . .
3. Diseases of Uterus.
4. Pyo Salpyox
Group Seven. — Osseous and Loco-
motory System.
III. Seven. — 1. Bones, Diseases of
2. Joint Diseases*
3. Vertebrte, Diseases of . . . .
Group Eight. — Integumentary Sys-
tem.
III. Eight.— 1. Eczema
2. Phlegmon
3. Skin 'Diseases*
Group Nine. — Organs of Special
Sense.
III. Nine. — 1. Ossis Petrosi
2. Otitis
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST.
III. Five.— 1. Urethritis.
7. Hfematuria.
8. Albuminuria.
III. Six.-3.
Tumor, Fibroid.
Pelvic Cellulitis.
Hemorrhage of.
III. Seven.—]. Ostitis.
Periostitis.
Rickets.
Caries, Necrosis.
2. Synovitis.
Hip Diseases.
3. Spine, Caries and Nec-
rosis of .
III. Eight.— 2. Abscess, part not stated.
Boil.
3. Pemphigus.
Psoriasis, etc.
Dermatitis.
* Not otherwise placed.
APr'p:Ni»ix.
291
CAUSES OF DEATH,
CLASS TV.— Developmental Diseases.
TABULAR LIST. 11
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST.
GitoLi' ()m;.— Developmental Dis
eases of Children.
IV. One. — 1. Ati'lcctiisis Piilinoiium . . .
2. Cliolcru Infaiituin
•). Convulsious
4. Cyanosis
5. Debility, In fantik'
(i. Premature Birth
7. Dentition
8 Hemorrhage, Umbilical. . .
i). Icterus Neonatorum
10. In(li!j:estion
1 1. Innutrition
\'2. S|>ina Bifida
13. Other Malformations
Gi;orr Two. — Developmental Dis-
eases of Women.
IV. Two. — 1. Paramenia
2. Difficult Labor
3. ^liscarriage
4. Placenta Pnvvia
.■). Post partum Hemorrhage.
0. Puerperal Eclampsia
7. Puerperal Mania
8. Puerperal Peritonitis
9. Childbirth*
Cxiioup Thi?ee. — Developmental Dis-
eases of Old People.
IV. Tliree.— 1. Old Age
2. Debility, Senile
3. Gangrene
IV. One.
Asthenia.
Ha'inorrhagic
Diathesis,
Malnutrition.
Imperforate Anus.
Cleft Palate.
IV. Two.— 1. Climacterla.
CLASS v.— Deaths by Violence.
Gitoup One,
V. One— 1.
2
3.
4.
9.
10.
11.
— Accident or Negli-
gence.
Asphy.xia
Burns and Scalds
Drowning
Electric Car
Falls
Firearms
Mac;liinery
Overdose of Medicine. . .
Pois(ui
Railroad
Otherwise
v. One.-ll.
Freezing:,
Kxposiire.
Insolation.
Lightning.
Surgical Operation.
♦ Not otherwise placed.
30
292
APPENDIX.
STATISTICAL NOSOLOGY.
CLASS V. — Deaths by Violence. — Continued.
TABULAR LIST.
Group Two. — -Homicide.
Group Three. — Suicide.
V. Three. — 1. Drowning
2. Hanging
3. Poison
4. Wounds, gun or pistol.
5. Wounds, knife . . .
SUPPLEMENTAL LIST.
V. Two.— 1. Infanticide.
Patricide.
Matricide.
Fratricide.
Filicide.
V. Three.— 3. Arsenic.
Laudanum.
Paris Green.
Other.
1.
Causes ill-defined
1. Blood Poisoning.
Oonpa.
Convulsions (not infantile).
Colic.
Debility (not infantile and not
senile).
2.
Causes not stated
Dropsy or Ascites.
Exhaustion.
Heart Failure.
Inflammation.
Mortification.
Peritonitis.
8.
Stillborn
Septicfemia.
Shock.
Dentition.
appendix b.
The Laws of Rhode Island
(As amended Feliniary 1, IfOO.)
IN RELATION TO THE REGISTRATION OF
BIRTHS, MAIIRIAGES, AND DEATHS,
AND OF DIVORCE.
GENERAL LAWS, CHAPTER 100.
OF THE RECISTllATIOX OF BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.
Skctiox 1. The town clerks of the several towns, or any person whom
the board of aldermen of any city, or the town council of any town, may
appoint for that purpose, shall obtain, chronologically record and index,
as required by the forms prescribed by section three of this chapter, all
information concerning births, marriages, and deaths occurring among
the inhabitants of their respective towns; and on or before the tirst Mon-
day in March, annually, shall make duly certified returns thereof to the
secretary of the state board of health for the year endhig on the thirty-
first day of December next precedmg, accompanying the same with a list
of the persons required by law to make returns to them who have neg-
lected to do so, and with such remarks relating to the object of this
chapter as they may deem important to communicate.
Si:c. 2. The secretary of the state board of health shall receive the re-
turns made in pursuance of the i)receding section, and annually make a
giMH'ral al)stract and report thcrcol', in form as prcscriltt'd by section tlircf
of tliis chapter, and puhlisli not exceeding one tl\onsand copies thereof;
and for preparing, tabulating, and publisiiing said annual report such sum
as may be provided by law sliall be i)aid to the state registrar. Said re-
turns, after such reptirt is prepared, shall be depositeil in tlie otlice of the
secretary of state, who sliall cause the same to be arranged, full aljihabeti-
cal indices all the names to be made, and tlie wliole to be bound in volumes
of convenient si/t' and carefully preserved in liis ollice.
294 APPENDIX.
Sec. 3. The blank forms required to carry out the provisions of this
chapter shall, on application, be furnished by the secretary of the state
board of health to clergymen, physicians, undertakers, town clerks, clerks
of meetings of the Society of Friends, and other persons requiring them,
substantially as follows: The record of a birth shall state the date and
place of birth, name of the child if it has any, the sex and color of the
child, whether bom alive or still-bom, the name and surname, color, resi-
dence, and birthplace of the parents, and the occupation of the father, and
the time of recording, so far as the same can be ascertained. The record
of a marriage shall state the date of the marriage, place, name, residence,
and official station of the person by whom married, names and surnames
of the parties, age, color, occupation, and residence of each, condition,
that is, whether single or widowed, what marriage, that is, whether first,
second, third, or other marriage, the occupation, birthplace, and name of
their parents, and the time of recording, so far as the same can be ascer-
tained. The record of deaths shall state the date of the death, name and sur-
name of deceased, the sex, color, and condition, whether smgle or married,
age, occupation, place of death, place of birth, names and birthplace of
parents, disease or cause of death, and the time of recording, so far as
can be ascertained.
Sec. 4. Every meeting of the Society of Friends, clergymen, and all
others authorized to join persons in marriage, shall make a faithful record
of every such rite performed by them, in manner and form aforesaid, and
return the same for the last preceding month, on or before the second
Monday of every month, to the town clerk of the town in which such rite
shall have been performed; and no marriage shall be solemnized until the
parties shall have signed and delivered to the person about to solemnize it,
or to a clerk of a meeting of the Society of Friends, a certificate containing
the information required for the record of a marriage, as prescribed by
this chapter.
Sec. 5. The town clerk of every town shall annually, in the month of
January, collect the information required by this chapter, in relation to
all children bom in the town during the year ending on the thirty-first day
of December next preceding.
Sec. 6. Physicians and midwives shall, on or before the fifth day of each
month, report to the clerk of each city or town a correct list of all children
bom therein during the month next precedmg, at whose birth they were
present, stating the date and place of each birth, the name of the child if
it has any, the sex and color of the child, the name, place of birth and
residence of the parents, and the occupation of the father. The fee of the
physician or midwife shall be twenty-five cents for each birth so reported,
and shall be paid by the city or town in which the report is made.
Sec. 7. Whenever any person shall die, or any still-bom child shall be
brought forth in this state, the pliysician attending at such bringing forth
API'KN'DIX. 295
or last sickness, if any i)liysician so atteiidfd, shall, witliin forty-fijrht
hours after such death or brinj^iuff forth, leave with the faiiiiiy. if any, or
l>ers«)n iiaving the care of the deceased, or the person brinprin^,' forth such
still-boni child, or give to the undertaker or i)erson \vh<» conducts the
funeral, a certiticate statinjr, in case of a death, tlie name of the deceased,
the date of the death, and the disease or cause of the death, and in case
of the bringing forth of a still-bcmi child, the date and the cause of such
child being brought forth still-boni. Prorided. howerer, that if the phy-
sician last in attendance shall not have knowledge of such death, or is
otherwise reasonably prevented from leaving witli the family or giving the
undertaker sucli certilicate within the time liereinbefore si)ecilied, or i)e-
fore the funeral or disposal of the remains of tlie deceased, lie shall, within
five days after having knowledge of such death by notification or otherwise,
send to the town or city clerk or registrar of the town or city in which such
death occurred a certificate, stating the name, date, and disease or cause
of death of such decedent.
Sei'. S. Every town council may appoint a sutticient number of persons
to act as undertakers, removable at the pleasure of such council.
8kc-. 9. Xo undertaker or other person shall conduct a funeral, or bury
or deposit in a tomb, or remove from this state or otherwise dispose of the
remains of any deceased person or still-born child, unless he shall first ob-
tain the physician's certificate required by section seven of this chapter,
if a physician was in attendance upon sucli iierson wlio has deceased or
the person bringhig forth such still-boni child, and sliall return the same,
together with liis own certificate of the information required by section
three of this chapter, to the town clerk of the town where such death or
bringing forth took place: Prorided, hoa-eve); that in such towns as allow
the burial or removal of bodies of deceased persons without a permit from
the town clerk, and if the undertaker or other person who has i-liarge of
the disposal of the remains of the deceased person is \niable to t)l)tain the
said i)]>ysician's certiticate. after reasonable attempts therefor, before the
burial or n'lnoval of the said remains, then the said undertaker or other
person shall make his return as recjuired by section three of this chaitter.
including the cause of death and the name of the physician last in attend-
ance upon the deceased, immediately to the town or city clerk or registrar
of the town or city in wliich the death occurred, lie shall, also, within
two days thereafter, notify the pliysician last in attendance upon the de-
ceased person of the name and date of death of the same.
Ski , 10. Clergymen of all denominations who ofiiciate at the finierals
of decedents when no undertaker is in attendance, shall, when requested
by the state registrar, or the town or city clerk or ri'gistrar of the town or
city in wliich such deaths occurred, make returns of such deaths in the
same manner and with the satne comjiensation as undertakers.
29G APPEE"DIX.
Sec. 11. xiny town may make ordinances more elTectually to attain
tlie objects herein contemplated.
Sec. 12. The town clerks, or persons appointed as aforesaid, shall re-
ceive for each record of a death made and returned as required by law,
and for each record of a marriage made and returned as required by law,
twenty cents, to be paid to them out of their respective town treasuries:
Pi'ovided, that the yearly compensation to be paid out of the town treasury
as aforesaid, to any one town clerk or person appointed as aforesaid, who
shall perform the duties prescribed by this chapter, shall not be less than
five dollars. Undertakers and others making returns of deaths, as required
by sections seven and nine of this chapter, shall receive for each full report
of a death made to the town clerk, five cents in the cities of Providence and
Kewport, and ten cents in the other towns of the state.
Sec. 13. Every clergymen, physician, midwife, undertaker, town clerk,
clerk of a any meeting of the Society of Friends, or other person who
shall wilfully or unreasonably neglect or refuse to perform any of the
duties imposed on or required of him by this chapter, shall be fined not
exceeding twenty dollars nor less than two dollars for each offence, one-
half thereof to the use of the town in which the offence shall occur, and
one-half thereof to the use of the person who shall complain of the same.
Sec. 14. Every clergymen, physician, coroner, undertaker, medical ex-
aminer, or clerk of any meeting of the Society of Friends, shall cause his
name, residence and post-office address to be recorded in the town clerk's
office of the town where he resides.
Sec. 15. No letters of admmistration or letters testamentary shall be
granted by any court of probate upon the estate of any person, until the
death of such person, or the facts from which the same is presumed, shall
be duly certified, as near as may be, to the town clerk, in order that the
same may be duly registered according to the provisions of this chapter.
Sec. 16. The town and city clerks, and registrars of the several towns
and cities, shall have the custody of all records of births, deaths, and mar-
riages of their respective towns, whether made imder the statutes now in
force or any former statute, and a certificate signed by them, certifying
that any written or printed statement of any marriage, birth, or death is
a true copy of the record in their custody, shall be admitted as evidence
of such marriage, birth, or death.
Sec. 17. Births, marriages, and deatlis of non-residents sliall be distin-
guished from those of residents in the returns by being arranged separately.
Sec. 18. The secretary of the state board of health may from time to
time vary the forms of returns, and require such additional information
as he may consider necessary to accomplish the object of this chapter.
Sec. 19. The town clerks or other officers appointed under this chapter
to collect, record, and return the birth in the ^veral cities and towns,
shall receive fees therefor as follows: For making record and return of
AI'I'KNDIN. 21)7
tlu'Sf fju'ts as riMjiiiicd l)y law, twenty cents fur eacli entry and rctnin:
to hv ])i\\(\ l)y (lie city (»r town in wliicli tlie l)irtli is recorded.
Si;c. •_'(). 'I' lie clerk or retfist ra rot each town and city shall, on the first day
of each and every month, make a certilled cojjy of all births, marriajfes,
and deaths recorded hi the books of said town or city during the previous
month, whenever the parents of the child born, or the bride or the groom,
or the deceased person, were resident in any other town or city in this
state, or in any other state, at time of said birth, marriage, or death; and
shall transmit such certified copies to the clerk or registrar of tlie town,
city, or state in which such i)arents of the child born, the bride or the
groom, or the deceased, were resident at the time of said birth, marriage,
or death, stating, in case of a birth, tlie name of the street and number of
the house, if any, where such parents resided, the place of birth of such
parents, and the maiden name of the mother, whenever the same can be
ascertained; and the clerk or registrar so receiving such certified copies
shall record the same in the books kept for recording births, marriages,
and deaths. Such ceititied copies shall be made upon blanks to be fur-
nished for that imrpose by the secretary of the state board of health.
Skc. 21. The town clerks of tiie several towns, or other pei-sons ap-
l)ointed under this chapter to collect the births ui the several towns, shall
annually in the month of January collect the facts concerning the births
within their resjjective towns, retjuired by this chapter, and shall, so far
as practical)!!', at the same time collect the names of all persons lialile to
be enrolled in the militia, as required by title thirty-four, and the census
of all persons between the ages of live and fifteen years inclusive, as pro-
vided by chapter fifty-four, and sliall receive therefor such comiiensation
as the town council or the board of aldermen of their respective cities
shall determine: Provided, that the city of Providence shall be exempt
from so much of the provisions of this section as relates to the collection
of the statistics of births.
SKf. -22. T31anksfor the foregoing purposes shall be furnished, on ai)i>li-
catioii therefor, on or before the first day of December in the year preced-
ing, by the state board of health for the collection of births, by the
adjutant-general for the takhig of the enrolled militia, ami by the com-
missioner of public schools for the census aforesaid.
Skc. 2:]. Tlie person or persons who shall discharge the duties requiretl
by section twenty-one of this chapter, if other than the town clerk, sliall
make full return thereof to the town clerk of his or their town, on or
before the tenth day of February next following.
Skc. 24. The returns reipiired to lie made by the clerks of the appellate
division of (he sn]>renie comt. in relation to divorces, to the secivtary of
the state board of health, (U a prepared abstract thereof, shall be published
in the annual repent on (he l)ir(hs, marriages, and deaths in the state.
298 APPESTDIX.
SYNOPSIS OF THE LAW OF MAKRIAGE.
GENERAL LAWS, CHxlPTER 191.
Sections 1, 2, aiicl 3 show wliat kiudred persons cannot marry, and de-
clare marriages within prohibited degrees null and void.
Section 4 makes an exception in favor of Jews, within the degrees of
affinity or consanguinity allowed by their religion.
Section .5 declares the marriage of persons having a husband or wife
living, and of idiots and lunatics, absolutely void.
Sec. 6. Any minister or elder of any religious denomination who shall
be domiciled in the state, and shall have registered with the town clerk
and have received a lirense, may jom persons in marriage .in this state.
Section 7 designates who shall be considered as belonging to a religious
denomination within the meaning of the precedmg section.
Sec. S. Wardens in the town of Xew Shoreham may join persons in
marriage in said to\\^i.
Section 9 designates who may jom persons in marriage when solem-
nized among Quakers, or among persons professing the Jewish religion.
Sec. 10. Every person desiring to be joined in marriage in this state
shall furnish to the town or city clerk of the town or city where such per-
son resides, or, if such person is not a resident of the state, then to tlie
to^vn or city clerk of the town or city where such marriage is to be solem-
nized, the information called for in a blank form provided by the town or
city clerk. Such person shall also procure from the town or city clerk a
certified copy of such blank form so subscribed to, and present the same to
the person Avho is to solemnize the marriage. For issuing such certified
copy the to^ai or city clerk shall be entitled to a fee of one dollar. Such
clerk shall endose his certificate upon the back of said copy.
Section ll provides for the control of marriages of minors, and requires
the written consent of the parent or guardian before the information pro-
vided for in section ten can be given. Persons over eighteen years of age,
however, who may have no parent or guardian, may make oath relative to
that fact to tlie city or town clerk, and may then give the required informa-
tion called for in-the application.
Section 12 requires that each of the persons married must present to
the officiating clergyman a certified copy, as provided in section ten. These
must also be signed by the respective parties to the marriage m the pres-
ence of the clergyman. This is intended to identify the parties as being
the same who appeared for the certificate from tlie town clerk.
AIM'KNDIX. 299
Skction I:', nMiuircs tliat the o(lici;iliiiK clt'i^jyiiu'ii shall ciHUtrsc tiie ccr-
tilicat*! statiiiff that III' has joined Ihr parties in inariiai,^'. and also that
two witnesses of the niarriajre sliall append their sif,'natures. It also pro-
vides that the minister shall make a retnrn of tiie eertilicate to the town
clerk oil or before the second Monday of the inontli succeeding' the date
of the marriage.
.SKtrrox 14 provides for the care and preservation of the records.
Skction 15 provides for the work of registration in tlie city of Provi-
dence to be done by the city registrar.
Skctiox 1(5 provides for the recording of the returned certificates in the
oflice of the town clerk, and the final lodgment of the certificates with
the secretary of state. These are there to be properly indexed, and open
to hispection only in the presence of some one connected with the office
of the secretary of state.
Si-:cTiON 17 provides that two witnesses shall be present at tlie marriage
ceremony.
Skction 18 provides that lawful objection to a marriage shall be made
in writing, and the ofliciating clergyman shall not proceed with the mar-
riage until the objection is removed.
Sk< TION 10 provides for a penalty of six months imprisonment, or a fine
of one thousand dollars, for joiiung persons in marriage without first hav-
ing been itreseiited with the certified copies required in section ten, or with-
out having first returned any lawful objection to the marriage.
Skction -jo provides for a penalty a fine of not exceeding one hundred
dollars, lor failure to perform any of the duties devolving upon the ofiicia-
ting otlicer under this chapter.
Sk( TION 21 i)rovides for a line for joining persons in marriage who have a
husband or wife living.
Ski TION 2-2 provides that no marriage shall be deemed or adjudged to be
void by any failure on the part of the officiating oiHeers to comi)ly with
the law, if the marriage is in other respects lawful, and has been performed
with a full belief on the part of the persons so married, or either of them,
that they have been lawfully joined in marriage.
Skc. 2:). Every person who shall solemnize a marriage without being
legally authorized thereto, shall be fined Wm.' hundred dollars.
ADDENDUM.
Section 10 was modified at the January session of the Legislature, and provides that a
license shall be issued to the persons to bo joined in marriafie, and that the signatures of the
persons must be affixed to the declaration of intention of marriage, and in the presence of
the clerk of the records. In case the parties reside in different towns in the state, then the
fee shall be fifty cents for each town instead of i.ujc dolhir.
300 APPENDIX.
GENEKAL LAAVS. CHAPTEK 195.
OF DIVORCE.
Section 1. Divorces from the bond of marriage shall be decreed in case
of any marriage originally void or voidable by law, and in case either party
is for crime deemed to be or treated as if civilly dead, or from absence or
other circumstances may be presnmed to be actually dead.
Sec. 2. Divorces shall be decreed for impotency, adultery, extreme
cruelty, v^dllful desertion for five years of either of the parties, or for such
desertion for a shorter period of time in the discretion of the court, for
continued drunkenness, for the habitual, excessive, and intemperate use of
opium, morphine, or chloral, for neglect or refusal on the part of the hus-
band, being of sutlicient ability, to provide necessaries for the subsistence
of his wife, and for any other gross misbehavior and wickedness in either
of the parties repugnant to and in violation of the mai'riage covenant.
Sec. 3. Whenever in the trial of any petition for divorce from the bond
of marriage it shall be alleged in the petition that the parties have lived
separate and apart from each other for the space of at least ten years, the
court may in its discretion enter a decree divorcmg the parties from the
bond of marriage, and may make provisions for alimony.
Sec. 4. Whenever it shall appear that the absence, adultery, cruelty,
desertion, or other cause of complaint as aforesaid was committed or oc-
casioned by the collusion of the parties, and done and contrived with an
intention to procure a divorce, in such case no divorce shall be decreed.
Sec. 5. Whenever a divorce is granted for fault on the part of the hus-
band, the wife shall have dower as if the husband were dead; but such
dower shall be claimed on proceedings begun within six months after the
absolute decree, and, if not claimed within said period, or if claim be
made for alimony within said period, then dower shall be deemed to be
waived and released, aird the only relief of the wife shall be a claim for
alimony chargeable upon the estate of the husband, or some specific por-
tion thereof as the court may decree: Provided, that m case of such
divorce between parties married before the Digest of eighteen hundred
forty-four went mto operation, the Avife shall be re-instated in all of her real
estate, and have restored to her all of her personal estate not, in either
case, disposed of at the date of the filing of the petition for said divorce.
Sec. 6. Whenever a divorce is granted for fault on the part of the wife,
the husband, if he be entitled to curtesy- initiate, shall have a life estate
in all the lands of the wife as if the wife were dead, but subject to such
Ai'n:N[»i\, 301
allowauct' to tlir wilt', to Itc charjfpfl on such life estate, as tlie court in tin-
IH-cwliiir circumstMuct's of tlie case may deem just and i>roi»er.
Si;( . 7. < )t!i('r\vise tliaii asi)rovi(lerl in the two incccdinfr sections neither
husband nor wife, on divorce beinff trranted, sliiill havf any ripfht in the
estate of tlie other.
Skc. S. Divorces from bed. l)oard, and furtlier colial)itation, until the
parties l)e reconciled, may lu-iifranted for any of the causes for wiiicli bylaw
a divt)rce from the bond of marriage may be decreed, and for such other
causes as may seem to require tlie same. In case of such divorce the court
may assi<,ni to the petitioner a separate maintenance out of the estate or
])roperty of the husband or wife, as the case may be, in such manner and
of such amount as it may think necessary or jiroper.
Skc. it. ICvery i»etition shall be sisjned by the petitioner, if of sound
mind and of letial i\^e to consent to marriage; otherwise, upon ai)plication
tt) the court, and after notice to the party in whose name the iietition shall
be filed, the court may allow such petition to be signed by a guardian or
next friend.
Si-x-. 10. Xo petition for divorce shall be granted unless the petitioner
shall at the time of preferring such petition, be a domiciled inhabitant
of this state, and have resided therein for the period of one year next
before the preferrhig of such petition.
Sp:c. 11. All such petitions shall be filed, heard, and tried in Providence,
unless the petitioner shall reside in the county of Xewport or hi the county
of AVashington, in which case such petition shall be filed, heard, and tried
in X'ewport or South Kingstown respectively.
SEf. 12. The court may by general nile determine the return-day of
petitions for divorce and prescribe the notice to be given, withhi or without
the state, on all such petitions, and may issue such process as may be nec-
essary to carry into effect all powers conferred upon it in relation to the
same; and said court may also, by general rule, fix the times, during its
session, when all petitions for divorce shall be heard, as they may be filed
in Providence, Xewport, or South Kingstown, respectively. Such general
rules shall, however, be subject to such special orders as the court may
make in special cases. And, until general rules are made, special order
in each case shall be made.
Skc. 1:',. Whenever any petition for divorce shall have been filed or be
pending in the ai)pellate division of the supreme court, and said court
shall be of the opinion that sutficient notice of the pendency of said peti-
tion shall not, from any cause, have been given to the adverse party, said
court may order notice or further notice to the adveree party to be given
in siuli iiianni'r as the court may prescribe.
Sk^'. 14. The said court may regulate the custody and provide for the
education, maintenance, and support «)f the children of all persons by them
divorced or pt-titioning for a divorce, and all jx-rsuns to wIkmu a st-paratc
303 APPENDIX.
maintenance maybe granted or who may petition for the same; may ui
its discretion make such allowance to the wife, out of the estate of the
husband, for the purpose of enablmg her to prosecute or defend agamst
any such petition for divorce or separate maintenance, in case she has no
property of her own available for such purpose, as they may think reason-
able and proper; and may make all necessary orders and decrees concerning
the same, and the same may at any time alter, amend, and annul for suffi-
cient cause, after notice to the parties interested therein.
Sec. 15. Any woman to whom a divorce from the bond of marriage is
decreed may be authorized by such decree to change her name, subject to
the same rights and liabilities as if her name had not been changed.
Sec. 16. After the filmg and during the pendency of any petition for
divorce the said court may make such interlocutory decrees and grant such
temporary mjmictions as may be necessary until a hearing can be had
before said court.
GENEEAL LAWS. CHAPTEE 225.
or DIVOKCES.
Section 9. The clerks of the appellate division shall make returns to the
secretary of the state board of health, on or before the hrst day of March
in each and every year, for the year ending on the thirty-first day of De-
cember preceding, of all the applications for divorce, showing the number
of applications, the number thereof contunied, the number granted, and
the causes for which the same are granted, but without the names of the
parties, in accordance with the blanks which shall be furnished them by
the secretary of state.
GENEEAL LAWS. CHAPTEE 287.
OF MEDICAL EXAMII^EES AND CORONERS.
Section 1. The governor shall appoint, in each county, able and dis-
creet men, learned in the science of medicine, to be medical examiners in
such county.
Sec. 2. The number of medical exammers appointed as provided in the
preceding section sliall be as follows :
For the county of Washuagton five examiners, one in each of the five
following districts, viz. : District one, composed of the town of Westerly;
district two, of the town of South Kingstown; district three, of the town
APiM'N-nix. 303
of Ilopkintoii; district four, of tlu' towns of North Kiiif^stow n and ilxttii:
district live, of tlie towns of Ciiiirlcstown and IJicliniond.
For the county of Kent two examiners, one in eacii of tlie two fnili)wiii>,'
districts, vi/. : Distrii-t one, coniiiosed of tlie towns of West (ireenwicii
and ("oveiitry; <listrict two, of tlie towns of East (Jreenwicli and Warwick.
For tlie county of i'rovidence eleven examiners, one in eacli of tlie lirst
nine followitifj districts, and in district ten two examiners, viz.: District
one, coniiHised of the towns of Scituate and Foster; district two, of the
towns of Cranston and Johnston; district three, of the town of (llocester;
district four, of the towns of Smithlield and North Providence; district
five, of the towns of Burrillville and Xortli Smithfield; district six, of the
city of Woonsocket; district seven, of the town of Cumberland; district
eight, of the cities of Paw^tucket and Central Falls and the town of Lin-
coln; district nine, of the town of I'ilast Providence: district ten, of the
city of Providence.
For the county of Bristol two examiners, one in each of the folhnvinp:
districts, viz.: District one, composed of the towns of IJarriiiifton and
Warren; and district two, of the town of liristol.
*The number of medical examiners for the county of Newport shall be
five, one in each of the tirst three districts and two in district four: and
said districts shall be composed as follows: District one, of the towns of
Tiverton and J.ittle Compton; district two, the town of Portsmouth; dis-
trict three, the town of New Shoreham; district four, the city of Newjiort
and the towns of Middletown and .Jamestown.
Skc. 3. If either of the medical examiners shall, at any time, from any
cause, be unable to perform the duties of his said ollice, or shall be deemed
by the attoniey-peneral for any cause disqualified therefor, a medical ex-
amin(>r from an adjoiniui? district may be called upon to perform them.
Si:c. 4. Every medical examiner shall hold his ollice for the term of six
years, and until another is appohited and qualilied to act in his place, un-
less sooner removed by the appointment of some other i)eisoii to lill his
place.
Si'X'. .'). l-^very medical examiner shall, within thirty days after his ap-
pointment, and before enterhig niton the duties of his ollice, give bond
with surety to, and to the satisfaction of, the general treasurer in the sum
of oiu^ thousand dollars for the faithful i)erf"ormance of his duties,
Skc . (i. If the condition of any such bond be broken, to the injury of
any jierson, actions may be brought iiiton such lioiid as upon tlu' ullicial
V)onds of sherilTs.
Sin'. 7. Medical exaiuiiieis shall make examinations as hereinafter pro-
vided, upon bodies of such persons only as are supposed to have come to
their death by violence: rrocided, that in case any prisoner in the state
*As amended April Ki, It-Oti.
S04 APPENDIX.
prison or in any county jail dies while so imprisoned, it shall be the duty
of the medical examiner of the district in which such prison or county
jail is situated, upon being notified of the death of such prisoner, to make
at once an examination upon the body of such deceased prisoner.
Sec. 8. When a medical examiner has notice that there has been found,
or is lying, within his district the body of a person who is supposed to
have come to his death by violence, he shall forthwith repair to the place
where such body lies and take charge of the same; and if, on view there-
of and personal inquiry into the cause and manner of the death, he deems
a further examination necessary, he shall, iipon being thereto authorized
in writing by the attorney-general, or by the mayor of the city or presi-
dent of the town council of the town where such body lies, make an
autopsy in the presence of two or more discreet persons as witnesses, and
shall then and there carefully reduce, or cause to be reduced, to writing
every fact and circumstance tending to show the condition of the body
and the cause and manner of death, together with the names and ad-
dresses of said witnesses, which record he shall subscribe^ Before making
such autopsy he shall call the attention of the witnesses to the position
and appearance of the body.
Sec. 9. Should the medical examiner deem it advisable to have present
a physician as one of the witnesses as aforesaid, such physician shall also
subscribe the record made by the medical examiner, and for such service
he shall receive a compensation of five dollars.
Sec. 10. Town councils shall select a suitable person to act as coroner
for their respective towns, to hold his office for three years and until
another is elected and qualified to act in his place, unless sooner removed
by the election of some other person to fill his place.
Sec. 11. The coroners so elected shall have exclusive jurisdiction as
coroners in their respective towns.
Sec. 12. The coroner shall appoint in writing, under his hand and seal,
one or more discreet persons to act as his deputy in case of his absence or
inability to act, who shall have all the powers of a coroner, and be subject
to like pains and penalties, for malfeasance in office; and the coroner shall
file a copy of the appointment in the town clerk's office of his town.
Sec. 13. The coroner may suspend or discharge a deputy. The sus-
pension or discharge of a deiDuty shall be in writing, addressed to the
deputy; and the coroner shall forthwith file a duplicate thereof in the
town clerk's office of his town.
Sec. 14. Every coroner and deputy coroner shall, before entering upon
the duties of his oflice, take the engagement prescribed in section five of
chapter twenty-five.
Sec. 15. Whenever the coroner has notice that there is in his town
any person who has been injured by the criminal act, omission, or care-
lessness of another, and that said person believes that his death is impend-
MM'KNDl \. ;J05
inp: from sucli injury, said cnnMicr may Uikv liu* statfimMit of such person
coiK'eniinu: tin' manner in wliicli, and tiic immsciii by whom, such injury was
inflicted; and the statement so taken siiali !)»• rfdiiccd to writing and, if
practicable, in the i)resence of the injured jterson.
Si:( . Hi. If, upiin sncli view. i)ersonal iuiiuiry, or autopsy, the medical
examiner is of the opinion that the deatli was caused by the act or neglect
of some per.soii other than tiie deceased, he shall at once notify the attorney-
general, and coront'r of the town where the body was found, or in wiiich
it lies, and shall Die a duly attestecl copy of the record of his autopsy, or
view, with the said coroner and a like copy with the attorney-general; and
shall in all cases certify to the oflicer having the custody of the records of
deaths in the town in which the deceased came to his deatii, the name and
residence of tlie person deceased, if known, or when the name and resi-
dence cannot be ascertained, a dQScrii)tion of the deceased, as full as pos-
sibly may be, for identification, together with tlie cause and manner by
and in which he came to his (Icath.
Sk( . 17. The coroner shall thereupon hold an incpiest, whicli may be
private; in which case any or all persons, other than those required to be
l)resent by the provisions of this chapter, may be excluded from the place
where such hiquest is held, and such coroner may also direct the witnesses
to be kept separate so that they cannot converse with each other until
they have been examined. The attorney-general, or some person designa-
ted by him, may attend the inquest and examine all witnesses ; and tlie
coroner shall cause the testimony to be reduced to writing and signed by
the witnesses. The attorney-general may, if he deem it necessary or ex-
pedient, direct an inquest to be held in the case of any casualty from
which the death of a person results.
Skc. is. The coroner may issue summons for witnesses, returnable be-
fore him. The persons served with such process shall be allowed the same
fees, their attendance maybe enforced in tlie same manner, and they shall
be subject to the same penalties, as if served with a summons in behalf of
the state in a criminal prosecution pending before a district court.
Sec. 11). The coroner shall, after hearing the testimony, draw ui> and
sign a report, in which he shall tind and certify when, where, and by what
means the person deceased came to his death ; his name, if known, and
all material circumstances attending his death ; and if it aitjiears that his
death resulted wholly or in part from the unlawful act of any other per-
son, he shall further state the name of such person, if known to him. and
he shall lile siich report, and the testimony iiy him taken, together with a
coi)y of the record of the autt)psy or view, in the otlice of the clerk of the
court wherein an indictment for the otVence may be found.
Ski'. -20. The coroner shall hind such witnesses as he deems necessary,
or as the attorney-general may designate, by recognizance in a reasonable
sum, with suliicient surety, to personally appear, at such time as the cor-
306 APPENDIX.
oner may designate, at the district court of the district wherein tlie in-
quest is lield, and not depart therefrom until discharged by said court ;
and if any such witness sliall refuse to recognize as aforesaid, the coroner
shall commit such witness to the jail in the same county, there to remain
until he shall so recognize or be otherwise discharged according to law.
Sec. 21. If the report of the coronor shall state that the death was
caused by the unlawful act or by the gross carelessness of any other per-
son, and by whose act the same was committed, he shall immediately
make a complaint thereof against the person accused, in writipg and on
oath, to the justice or clerk of the district court in the district where the
offence was committed, to the intent that the person killing or being in
any way criminally uistrumental to the death may be apprehended ; but
nothing herein contained shall be so construed as to prevent complaint
being made at any time before the finding of the report. And the coroner
shall forthwith, in writing, notify the attorney-general of the complaint
aforesaid, that he may appear by himself or some person appointed by him,
at the examination, and prosecute the complaint in behalf of the state.
Sec. 22. If a medical examiner reports that a death was not caused by
the act or neglect of some person other than the deceased, and the attor-
ney-general is of a contrary opinion, the attorney-general may, notwith-
standing such report, direct an inquest to be held in accordance with the
provisions of this chapter ; at which inquest he, or some other person des-
ignated by him, shall examine all the witnesses.
Sec. 23. The medical examiner may, if he deem it necessary, employ a
chemist to aid in the examination of the body, or of substances supposed
to have caused or contributed to the death ; and such chemist shall be en-
titled to such compensation for his services as the medical examiner cer-
tifies to be just and reasonable, the same being audited and allowed in the
manner hereinafter provided.
Sec. 24. When a medical examiner views or makes an examination of
the dead body of a stranger, he shall cause the body to be decently buried;
and if he certifies that he has made careful inquiry, and that to the best
of his knowledge and belief the person found dead is a stranger, having
no settlement in any town of the state, his fees, with the actual expense
of burial, shall be paid from the general treasury. In all other cases the
expense of the burial shall be first paid by the town wherein the body is
found, and such town may recover the money so paid from the town where
such person last had a settlement : Provided, hotoever, that the general
treasurer, or any town, ultimately paying any such burial expenses, shall
have the right to recover such burial expenses from the estate of the de-
ceased person.
Sec. 25. When services are rendered in bringing to land the dead body
of a person found in any of the liarbors, rivers, or waters of the state, the
medical examiner may allow such compensation for such services as he
Al'l'ENDIX. 307
(l('(»iT)s reasoiiiible; l)ut this provision sliiill not ciititlc any jxTson to (•()in-
pcnsiition for scrvifi'S rtMidcrcd in scairliiiif,'' ior a dead body.
Skc, 2(1. In all cases arisiu!,'' under the provisions of this chapter, tiie
medical examiner shall take cliar^t' of any money or other jx'rsonal proj)-
erty of the deceased, found upon or near tiie body, and shall deliver tlie
same to the i)erson entitled to its custody or possession; or if not claimed
by such person within sixty days, then to an administrator, to be admin-
istered upon according to law.
Sec. 27. A medical examiner who fraudulently neglects or refuses to
deliver any such property witlun three days, after demand upon him there-
for, shall be imprisoned not exceedhig two years or be lined not exceeding
live hundred dollars.
Skc. 28. The fees of coroners shall, for the services specified in this
chapter, be as follows, namely: For receiving and filing a duly attested
copy of the record of an autopsy, fifty cents; for every page of two hun-
dred words of written testimony, tliirty cents; for each day's attendance
in holding the inquest, five dollars; for the recognizance of witnesses,
thirty-five cents; and for drawing up and filing a report in court, five
dollars. Said fees having been audited by the state auditor, upon certifi-
cate of the attorney-general, shall be paid by the general treasurer.
Sec. 20. Each medical examiner shall receive fees as follows : For a view
without an autopsy, four dollars; for a view and an autopsy, thirty dollars;
and for travel, at the rate of ten cents a mile to the place of view. He
siiall also have power, in case of an autopsy, to employ a clerk at an ex-
pense not exceeduig three dollars per day for each day's actual service.
Sec. ?,0. Every medical examiner shall return an account of the ex-
penses of each view or autopsy, including his fees, to the state auditor,
and shall annex to his return the written authority under whicli the
autopsy was made. The state auditor shall audit such account and certify
to the general treasurer what items in such accoimt are deemed just and
reasonable, and such items shall be paid by said treasurer to the persons
entitled to receive the same.
Sec. 31. Medical examhiers shall, in tlie books provided by the secretary
of state, keep a record of all views of bodies found dead, together with
their view and autopsy reports, and, on the first of January, April, July,
and October, shall forward to the secretary of the state board of health
attested copies of such records of views, together with the view reports
and conclusions from autopsies. Should the commission of service of a
medical examiner expire before the end of a quarter, the said examiner
shall at once forward to the said secretary of the state board of health the
records and reptn-ts of all cases unreported at date of expiration of said
service.
Sec. 82. For each and every copy of said records and n'ports forwarded
to the said secretary of the state board of health, medical examhiers shall
33
308 APPENDIX.
receive twenty-five cents, which shall be paid by the state upon the voucher
of said secretary of the state board of health that such copy of reports
and records have been received by him.
Sec. 33. The secretary of the state board of health shall cause the re-
turns received by him for each year, in accordance with this chapter, to
be bound together with an index thereto; the state registrar shall prepare
or cause to be prepared from the said returns such tabular results as will
render them of practical utility, and shall make report thereof annually
in connection with the report of births, marriages, and deaths required by
chapter one hundred.
INDEX.
See Also Contents, Page V.
Aecidents 20, 21, :35, :'.(i, c.:;, lc>--<\ i;il'. id.-)
" and occupations '.(2-107
" form of, for thirty-three years 105
Ages at time of death ; disease and sex ;'., 5, 3.")-4!»
Alcoliolism 21, -m, 54, OS-71, I'.KJ
Apoplexy 21, :!U, 5.'), (iS-71, i(i7-i'.t;i
Birth, by towns ='. •"»
" colored l-'-t. l-'"*
" comparative number by towns ii."). ii<".
" diagram of 124, 1 25
" forty-five years 1 !•'•
" illegitimate 143, 144
" laws govenihig the registration of 20:5-207
" ages of father and mother i:'>7
" number of child of mother 1:5<>
" parentage 132, 138
" plural 8, 138-139
" proportion of, to population 1 IS, 119, 121
" for tliirty years 121
" rates in towns 1 is, 110
" season 130, 131
" sex and localities 12S-130
" " for thirty-live years 127-12S
" still-l)oni 140, 141. 142
r.rain. diseases of -'2. 37. 5.5. (;s-71. \W, 2(m. 201
Jironchitis 22, :">7, 5(i, 72-7.5, loo, 202, 203
Cancers 22, 23, 37, 38, 54. 55. 70-73, 190. 204. 205
310 INDEX.
Causes of death, alphabetically arranged 20-49
" " nosologically arranged, forty-six years 64-79
" " " " in divisions of the State. ...50-63
Childbirth 24, 39, 61, 62, 76-79, 206, 207
Cholera infantum 25, 40, 61, 72-75, 208, 209
Comparative statistics and comments 189-261
Deaths, 1898 3
" by counties 5
" causes of 20-49
" " for each of forty-six years 64-79
" " in alphabetical order, months 20-34
" ages 35-49
" " thirteen principal, order, number, and proportion 187
" twenty-six principal diseases in 1898 190, 191
" twenty principal diseases in 1898 : diagram 275
" causes unknown 185, 186
" classification and percentage : table 50-63
" diagram of 182-183
" per 1,000 living, by counties 18, 19, 167
" proportion of, to population 118, 120, 121
" ' " " for thirty years 121
" rates of, in towns and counties 12-19, 118, 120
" seasons 10, 11, 170, 171
sex 168
" summary, forty-five years 113
Decedents, ages : tables 163-177
" colored 177-179
" comparison with births 168-169
" occupations and ages : table 80-90
" " " causes of : table 92-110
" parentage 172
" season 170, 171
" sex and age 173
Divorces, law governing registration of 301
" statute cavises 300
Dropsy 25, 40, 244
" compared with diseases of kidney and liver 245
INDEX. 311
Fevers, nmlarial 2(S, 41, .");{, rW-Tl, liii.'.
" tyi)li()id, etc 2<;, 41, :.:;, <;s 71, •2-2i\-22s
" " percentage in dilTereiit States ii2!»
Ih'ait, diseases of 27, 42, :>(>, (;s-7l, ]<i(», ^.M) -I'.U
Illegitimates 1 4:!, 1 44
Intlueiiza 2S, 43, 5:5, 08-71, 1!»(), 2:54-2:!7
Insanity 28, 43, 55, 68-71, 237-239
Intemperance (alcoholism, delirium tremens) 21, 30, 54, 08-71, 100, 100
Kidney, diseases of 28, 43, 58, 50, 72-75, 100, 240, 241, 245
Bright's disease of 28, 43, 50, 72-75
I>aryugitis 28, 43, 50, 72-75
Laws in relation to registration of birtlis, marriages, and deaths. . .203-2ii7
divorce 300-302
" of marriage 20s-2!t!t
" in relation to medical examiners and coroners 302-307
Liver, diseases of 28, 20, 43, 44, 58 08-71, 72-75, 100, 242, 243, 245
Malarial diseases, fevers 20, 20, 41, 44, 53, 225
Marriages, 1808 2, 4, 0, 145-150
" ages of persons married 150-155
" colored 157
" comparative number by towns 115-117
" denominational 140
" and education 1 50
" laws governing registration of 203-207
" " synopsis of 208-200
" nativity of 2, 4, 147-148
" of the divorced 158, 150
" rates in towns 118
" season 0, 147
" times married 150, 157
" forty-live years 1 13, 1 14
" widowers and widows 150. 157
" proportion of to population 118-120
for thirty years 121
Measles 20, 44, 52, 08-7 1 , 240, J47
Mother, number of child of 1;;5-137
Nomenclature of diseases 281-202
312 INDEX.
Occupation and ages at death 80-91
" " causes of death 92-110
" " ages of decedents for forty-six years 269-273
Old age 30, 45, 62, ^e-TO, 92, 190, 248, 249
Paralysis (apoplexy) 21, 36, 55, 68-71, 190, 197-199
Peritonitis 30, 45, 250
Physicians' certificates concerning death 283
Pneumonia 31, 46, 53, 68-71, 92, 190, 250-252
Population, proportion of births, marriages, and deaths to 118
" geometrically estimated for thirty years 121
Puerperal fever 24, 39, 53, 68-71, 206
Eetums of medical examiners 277-279
Results, comparative, twenty- three years 260-261
Eheumatism 31, 46, 55, 68-71, 92, 190
Scarlet fever 32, 47, 52, 68-71, 190, 253-255
" diphtheria and croup, by season 254
Still-bom children 72-75, 140-142
" forty-five years 113, 114
Suicide 32, 33, 47, 48, 63, 64, 67, 76-79, 92, 256, 257
Whooping cough (pertussis) 31, 46, 53, 68-71, 190, 258, 259
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